scholarly journals O24: THE PANCREATIC EPSILON-CELLS RECOVER THE EMBRYONIC GHRELIN SECRETION IN RESPONSE TO BARIATRIC SURGERY

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Camacho-Ramirez ◽  
D Almorza-Gomar ◽  
J Falckenheiner ◽  
G Pérez-Arana ◽  
JA Prada-Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Gastric Fundus ◽  
Physiologic Mechanism ◽  
Intrinsic Mechanism ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Ghrelin Secretion ◽  
Cytochemical Technique

Abstract Introduction Many surgical techniques are employed in the treatment of obesity. A main consequence of these techniques is the severe improvement of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Many hypotheses had been exposed to know the intrinsic mechanism developed in this relationship. The enterohormones seems to be a definitive effector. The ghrelin is an enterohormone released for the gastric fundus and it has been related to the mentioned improvement. We hypothesized about the role of pancreatic epsilon cells, which have the capacity to release ghrelin during the embryonic stages. We studied the changes in the ghrelin immunostaining in endocrine pancreas of rats which underwent bariatric surgery. MATERIAL AND Method We employed 16 non obese euglycemic male Wistar rats, randomised in the surgical groups. These groups were the surgical techniques (Sleeve gastric –SG- and Roux en Y Gastric Bypass –RYGB-), and two controls (fasting and surgical). After three months, rats were sacrificed; the pancreas were obtained and processed for the immuno-cytochemical technique. Result We reported a significant increase of epsilon cells (ghrelin positive/mm2 pancreatic area) in the pancreas of SG versus the control groups (vs FC, P<0.01 and vs sham, P<0.05). CONCLUSION. SG and RYGB are surgical techniques broadly employed in humans and both reduce severely the fundus. Paradoxically, the serum level of ghrelin in patients are preserved. We reported that the total suppression of the fundus gastric produced the recovery of an embryonic pancreatic function. This mechanism could be related with the complex physiologic mechanism that improve T2DM after bariatric surgery. Take-home message After bariatric surgery, the pancreas release of ghrelin increased as the response to gastric reduction.

scholarly journals P31: INTESTINAL GIP RELEASE MODIFICATIONS WOULD BE RELATED TO DUODENAL EXCLUSION: BARIATRIC SURGERY CONSEQUENCES

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Pérez-Arana ◽  
D Almorza-Gomar ◽  
J Falckenheiner ◽  
A Camacho-Ramirez ◽  
J Bancalero-DelosReyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Intestinal Resection ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
K Cells ◽  
Physiologic Mechanism ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Gip Release

Abstract Introduction The surgical techniques employed in the treatment of obesity discovered consequences on the global enterohomonal equilibrium. Many hypotheses focused on these enterohormonal system to explain the improvement of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus; as many other functional improvements. GIP is a hormone released for the duodenal and jejunal K cells, which had been implied in the glucose homeostasis. Our purpose was studied the changes in K cells populations, that could be related to the GIP serum level. Method We employed 16 non obese euglycemic male Wistar rats, randomised in the surgical groups. These groups were the surgical techniques (Sleeve gastric –SG-, Roux en Y Gastric Bypass –RYGB- and massive intestinal resection –IR50-), and two controls (fasting and Sham). After three months, rats were sacrificed. The intestinal portions (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) were resected and processed for the immunocytochemical technique. Result analysis showed several aspects. We found a significant increase of GIP K-cells (number GIP+/mm2 intestinal portion) in the duodenum of RYGB and RI50 versus both control groups. Other data showed a significant decrease of GIP K-cells in SG jejunum versus both control groups. Ileum did not significances. Conclusion GIP hormone was related to the nutrient flow through the intestine. Our data showed that GIP expression was inverse to the exclusion to this flow, as in RYGB technique. The increase was severe in IR50 too, which the duodenum was not affected. This mechanism revealed a complex physiologic mechanism, probably established by the feed-back with other hormones, as PPY. Take-home message The metabolic consequences after bariatric surgeries are related in enterohormones changes. The GIP release cellularity suffer changes according to the flow of nutrients.

scholarly journals Role of Imaging in Bariatric Surgery: A Review of the Various Surgical Techniques and Their Complications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhavana Girishekar ◽  
Sudarshan Rawat ◽  
Rupa Ananthasivan ◽  
Pramesh Reddy ◽  
Pooja Patil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
World Health ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Imaging Appearance ◽  
The World ◽  
Surgical Evaluation ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractAccording to the World Health Organization, obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally, with at least 2.8 million people dying each year as a result of being overweight or obese. Bariatric surgery is being increasingly used as a form of treatment, particularly in those patients where lifestyle modifications are deemed insufficient. With the role of radiologists transitioning from a medical to a surgical evaluation in obesity, it is becoming increasingly important to familiarize oneself with the various imaging techniques used in the preoperative and postsurgical evaluation in such cases. This article aims to review the various surgeries performed, their normal imaging appearance, and the various complications that could be encountered.

scholarly journals Surgical treatment of obesity

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vance L. Albaugh ◽  
Naji N. Abumrad
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Surgery ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Obesity prevalence continues to increase worldwide, as do the numerous chronic diseases associated with obesity, including diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. The prevalence of bariatric surgery also continues to increase and remains the most effective and sustainable treatment for obesity. Over the last several years, numerous prospective and longitudinal studies have demonstrated the benefits of bariatric surgery on weight loss, mortality, and other chronic diseases. Even though the mechanisms underlying many of these beneficial effects remain poorly understood, surgical management of obesity continues to increase given its unmatched efficacy. In this commentary, we discuss recent clinical advancements as well as several areas needed for future research, including indications for bariatric and metabolic surgery, determination of responders and non-responders, metabolic surgery in non-obese individuals, and the evolving role of bariatric surgery in adolescents.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Epigenetic Mechanisms: Is There A Role for Bariatric Surgery?

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Alessio Metere ◽  
Claire E. Graves
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Epigenetic Alterations ◽  
Epigenetic Factors ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Development And Aging

Epigenetics is the interaction between the genome and environmental stimuli capable of influencing gene expression during development and aging. A large number of studies have shown that metabolic diseases are highly associated with epigenetic alterations, suggesting that epigenetic factors may play a central role in obesity. To investigate these relationships, we focus our attention on the most common epigenetic modifications that occur in obesity, including DNA methylation and post-translational modifications of histones. We also consider bariatric surgery as an epigenetic factor, evaluating how the anatomic and physiologic modifications induced by these surgical techniques can change gene expression. Here we discuss the importance of epigenetic mechanisms in chronic disease and cancer, and the role of epigenetic disturbances in obesity, with a focus on the role of bariatric surgery.

scholarly journals Predictive Role of Body Image in Bulimic Behaviors Among Obese Patients Qualified for Bariatric Surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Bȩtkowska-Korpała ◽  
Aleksandra Ćwiȩk ◽  
Bernadetta Izydorczyk ◽  
Anna Starowicz-Filip ◽  
Piotr Major
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Predictive Role ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Eat 26 ◽  
Surgical Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Bulimic Behaviors

Bulimic behavior and the associated experience of one's own body are of great importance in the course of surgical treatment for obesity. This study determined the predictive role of multidimensional body image on bulimic-type eating behaviors among individuals scheduled for the surgical treatment of obesity. This study was conducted in a clinical setting on a group of 100 obese patients who were treated at the Centre for the Surgical Treatment of Obesity at the University Hospital in Krakow (Poland) and were qualified for bariatric surgery. Body image was examined with Cash's Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) and bulimic behavior with David M. Garner's Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26). Part A of the EAT-26 focused only on the bulimia and food preoccupation scale. Part B included sex, age, and body mass index (BMI) in the predictive model. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was conducted to assess psychological predictors of eating behavior. For binary variables, a logistic regression analysis was conducted for the whole group and for the women's group alone. Owing to the small sample size of men, regression analyses were not conducted. Higher values were observed in the Appearance Orientation dimension among women when compared to men. Appearance evaluation and age were found to be significant predictors for bulimic behaviors in the whole group. In regression models for behavior in the last 6 months, the predictors were found to be Health Evaluation and Appearance Orientation for laxative use, and Overweight Preoccupation for vomiting for weight control. Health-promoting behaviors in obesity treatment were conditioned as follows: for exercise, the predictors were sex and Fitness Orientation and for weight loss, they were Overweight Preoccupation and Body Areas Satisfaction. Our study shows that different bulimic behaviors are variously conditioned by body image dimensions, some of which are predictors of behaviors that are risk factors for obesity and poor outcomes of bariatric treatment, whereas others increase the chance of pro-health behaviors among obese individuals.

scholarly journals Role of patients in sharing the decision to undertake bariatric surgery for treatment of obesity – a global market perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. A258 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Chawla ◽  
D.S. Spinner ◽  
E.C. Faulkner ◽  
H. Cabra ◽  
A.D. Patkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Market Perspective

The intrinsic mechanism of life history trade-offs: The mediating role of control striving

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan WANG ◽  
Zhenchao LIN ◽  
Bowen HOU ◽  
Shijin SUN
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Intrinsic Mechanism ◽  
Control Striving
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