scholarly journals Biomarkers in the Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal Axis Were Associated with Maternal Psychosocial Stress and Choline Intake and Status During Pregnancy (P11-011-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chauntelle Jack-Roberts ◽  
Patricia Maples ◽  
Anjana Saxena ◽  
Mudar Dalloul ◽  
John Kral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Gestational Length ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Neighborhood Stress

Abstract Objectives Maternal psychosocial stress during pregnancy can lead to heightened activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, increasing the risk of pre-term birth, intrauterine restriction, and preeclampsia. Maternal dietary intakes and nutrition status modify epigenetic marks in the placental and fetal HPA axis, which may then counter the negative influence of maternal stress. This study aims to determine the correlation of maternal psychosocial stress and nutrient intakes with biomarkers of HPA axis activity in human pregnancies. Methods Pregnant women (n = 60) were recruited to this observational study. Psychosocial stress survey, dietary recalls and blood samples were obtained in the 3rd trimester. Placentas and cord blood were retrieved at delivery. Results Maternal financial stress, neighborhood stress, and anxiety were positively or tended to be positively associated with maternal blood cortisol levels (P = 0.01-0.08), although none of the psychosocial stress measurements were correlated with placental corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1), or 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11BHSD) expression. Placental NR3C1 expression was positively associated with birth weight (r = 0.42, P = 0.02) while placental CRH was negatively associated with gestational length (r = –0.45, P = 0.01). Overall dietary quality as measured by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) was not associated with psychosocial stress or related biomarkers, while intakes of the methyl donor choline (r = 0.46, P = 0.04) and omega-3 fatty acids (r = 0.47, P = 0.03) were positively associated with placental NR3C1 expression. Placental choline content was also positively associated with NR3C1 expression (r = 0.39, P = 0.04) and negatively associated with maternal neighborhood stress (r = –0.72, P = 0.02). Conclusions In summary, these data suggest that maternal psychosocial stress may adversely affect HPA axis functioning during pregnancy, whereas choline and other nutrients have the potential to counteract some of the impacts of psychosocial stress. Funding Sources CUNY Interdisciplinary Research Grant.

Abstract P109: Plasma Metabolomic Signature Of Healthy Dietary Patterns In The Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunju Kim ◽  
Cheryl A Anderson ◽  
Emily A Hu ◽  
Zihe Zheng ◽  
Lawrence J Appel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Double Bonds ◽  
Disease Associations

Introduction: In individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), healthy dietary patterns are inversely associated with CKD progression. Metabolomics, an approach which measures many small molecules in biofluids, can identify biomarkers of healthy dietary patterns and elucidate metabolic pathways underlying diet-disease associations. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that adherence to 4 healthy dietary patterns would be associated with a set of known metabolites in CKD patients. Methods: We examined associations between 634 plasma metabolites assessed using the Broad platform at year 1 and Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI)-2010, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, and alternate Mediterranean diet (aMED), and their food components in 1,117 participants in the CRIC Study. Usual dietary intakes were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire at baseline and year 2. We conducted multivariable linear regression models to study associations between diet scores and individual plasma metabolites, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors, and clinical factors. Results: After Bonferroni correction, we identified a total of 362 diet-metabolite associations (HEI=78; AHEI=127; DASH=97; aMED=60), and 101 metabolites were associated with more than 1 dietary pattern. The most common metabolite categories were triacylglycerols and diacylglycerols. Most lipids were negatively associated with healthy dietary patterns, except for cholesterols esters and triacylglycerols with ≥7 double bonds. Triacylglycerols with high number of double bonds were positively associated with healthy fat intake (e.g., higher monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid, omega-3 fatty acid, fish) within HEI, AHEI, and aMED ( Table ). Conclusions: We identified many metabolites associated with healthy dietary patterns, indicative of food consumption. If replicated, they may be considered biomarkers of healthy dietary patterns in CKD patients.

scholarly journals Serum Metabolites Associated with Healthy Dietary Patterns in Middle-Aged US Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 535-535
Author(s):  
Hyunju Kim ◽  
Emily Hu ◽  
Bing Yu ◽  
Lyn Steffen ◽  
Sara Seidelmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Untargeted Metabolomics ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Serum Metabolites ◽  
Dash Diet

Abstract Objectives Healthy dietary patterns are recommended for health promotion. Metabolomics can be used to identify objective biomarkers of healthy dietary patterns, which has the potential to improve dietary assessment. We used metabolomics to identify serum metabolites associated with healthy dietary patterns and the components within these dietary patterns in middle-aged US adults. Methods We evaluated known metabolites associated with 4 dietary patterns [Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI)-2010, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, Mediterranean diet (aMED)] and their components using untargeted metabolomics in two subsamples (N1 = 1864; N2 = 2091) of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Dietary intakes were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. We used multivariable linear regression models to examine associations between dietary patterns and individual serum metabolites in each sample, adjusting for sociodemographic factors, health behaviors, and clinical factors. Results 21 out of 373 metabolites (HEI = 10; AHEI = 9; DASH = 15; aMED = 2) in sample 1 and 57 out of 758 metabolites (HEI = 32; AHEI = 22; DASH = 44; aMED = 22) in sample 2 were significantly associated with healthy dietary patterns after Bonferroni correction. More than half of the significant metabolites (n1 = 10; n2 = 35) were associated with more than one dietary pattern. The DASH diet had the highest number of unique metabolites (n1 = 7; n2 = 17), a majority of which were amino acids. Other diets had similar number of unique metabolites (range: 0–3), which were mostly lipids. Some of the unique metabolites were positively associated with components of every diet. For example, N-methylproline was associated with fruit and dairy intake in the DASH diet; docosahexaenoate (22:6n3) was associated with omega-3 fatty acid intake in AHEI, and 1-docosahexaenoylglycerophosphoethanolamine was associated with plant protein and saturated fat intake in HEI. Conclusions An untargeted metabolomics approach identified many metabolites associated with healthy dietary patterns. A considerable overlap of metabolites associated with HEI, AHEI, DASH, and aMED reflects the similar food components within healthy diets. Funding Sources NIDDK, NHLBI.

Association between dietary quality and growth of the aboriginal primary school children in Negeri Sembilan

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silambarasi Kuralneethi ◽  
Sharifah Intan Zainun Sharif Ishak ◽  
Vaidehi Ulaganathan
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Aboriginal Children

PurposeThis study aims to determine the association between dietary quality and growth of the aboriginal primary school children in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachThe cross-sectional study was carried out in Negeri Sembilan. A total of 194 school-aged aboriginal children participated in the study. The dietary intake and socioeconomic status data were collected from the parents using an interviewer-administrated structured questionnaire comprised of sociodemographic questions and three days of dietary recall. The Malaysian Healthy Eating Index was used to determine the diet quality of children. WHO Anthro Plus software was used to determine the z-score of weight-for-age (WAZ), height-for-age (HAZ) and body mass index (BMI)-for-age (BAZ).FindingsAmong all children, 15, 9 and 5% of them were stunted, underweight and thin, respectively. On the other hand, 16 and 12% of the children were overweight and obese, respectively. The aboriginal children were at risk of poor diet quality (37.19 ± 12.07) and had high dietary protein and fat intake than national recommended nutrient intake. The children achieved micronutrients intake, except for calcium. There was no significant association between total diet quality scores with growth indices among the aboriginal children. There is significant negative correlation between dietary vitamin A intake with HAZ (r = −0.168, p < 0.05) and WAZ (r = −0.219, p < 0.05) z-score of the aboriginal children.Originality/valueAlthough there was a reduction in under-nutrition among the aborigines, an increasing over-nutrition status among aborigines should be considered, especially in terms of poor dietary quality and intake.

scholarly journals Diet quality among Iranian adolescents needs improvement

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Azadbakht ◽  
Fahime Akbari ◽  
Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
Mean Adequacy Ratio ◽  
Systematic Cluster

AbstractObjectiveDiet in adolescence is important not only because of adolescents’ rapid growth but also due to its influence on future chronic diseases. On the other hand, dietary quality indices are noteworthy and useful approaches to evaluate dietary intakes. Thus the present study was conducted to assess dietary quality indices in adolescents.DesignCross-sectional.SettingsThe data were collected from schools in Isfahan, Iran.SubjectsFemale students (n 265) aged 11–13 years were enrolled using systematic cluster-random sampling in Isfahan (Iran). Dietary intakes were assessed by a validated FFQ. Diet quality indices including dietary diversity score (DDS), the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) across ten nutrients were calculated.ResultsMean DDS, HEI score and MAR were 6·15 (sd 1·61) out of 10 points, 63·90 (sd 19·86) out of 100 points and 1·32 (sd 0·61), respectively. Mean nutrient adequacy ratio of all nutrients was above 1 except for vitamin D (0·53 (sd 0·51)). Those in the highest tertile of DDS had the most favourable anthropometric variables in comparison to the lowest tertile. There were no significant associations between HEI score and BMI, central or abdominal obesity and blood pressure. Those in the highest tertile of MAR had higher BMI, waist circumference and hip circumference.ConclusionsDiet quality of Isfahani adolescents needs improvement. It may imply the necessity of implementing nutritional instructive policies in this age group and their parents.

scholarly journals Nutrition During Pregnancy: Findings from the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies – Singleton Cohort

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie N Hinkle ◽  
Cuilin Zhang ◽  
Katherine L Grantz ◽  
Anthony Sciscione ◽  
Deborah A Wing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Growth Studies ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Abstract Background Accumulating evidence indicates that maternal diets are important for optimizing maternal and offspring health. Existing research lacks comprehensive profiles of maternal diets throughout pregnancy, especially in a racially/ethnically diverse obstetrical population. Objective To characterize diets in a longitudinal U.S. pregnancy cohort by trimester, race/ethnicity, and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI). Methods Data were obtained from pregnant women in the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies - Singleton cohort (2009–2013). A Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) at 8–13 weeks gestation assessed periconception and first trimester diet (n = 1615). Automated, self-administered, 24-hour dietary recalls targeted at 16–22, 24–29, 30–33, and 34–37 weeks gestation assessed second and third trimester diets (n = 1817 women/6791 recalls). Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI) assessed diet quality (i.e., adherence to U.S. Dietary Guidelines). Variations in weighted energy-adjusted means for foods and nutrients were examined by trimester, self-identified race/ethnicity, and self-reported pre-pregnancy BMI. Results Mean (95% confidence interval) HEI was 65.9 (64.9,67.0) during periconception to first trimester assessed with an FFQ, and 51.6 (50.8,52.4) and 51.5 (50.7,52.3) during the second trimester and third trimester, respectively, assessed using 24-hour recalls. No significant differences were observed between second and third trimester in macronutrients, micronutrients, foods, or HEI components (P ≥ 0.05). Periconception to first trimester HEI was highest among Asian/Pacific Islander [67.2 (65.9,68.6)] and lowest among non-Hispanic Black [58.7 (57.5,60.0)] women and highest among women with normal weight [67.2 (66.1,68.4)] and lowest among women with obesity [63.5 (62.1,64.9)]. Similar rankings were observed in the second/third trimesters. Conclusions Most pregnant women in this cohort reported dietary intakes that, on average, did not meet U.S. Dietary Guidelines for non-pregnant individuals. Also, diet differed across race/ethnic groups and by pre-pregnancy BMI with lowest overall dietary quality in all trimesters among non-Hispanic Black women and women with obesity. No meaningful changes in dietary intake were observed between the second and third trimesters.

scholarly journals Healthy Eating Index and Nutrition Biomarkers among Army Soldiers and Civilian Control Group Indicate an Intervention Is Necessary to Raise Omega-3 Index and Vitamin D and Improve Diet Quality

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Melissa Rittenhouse ◽  
Jonathan Scott ◽  
Patricia Deuster
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Civilian Control ◽  
Omega 3

Diet quality and nutrition status are important for optimal health and military performance. Few studies have simultaneously evaluated diet quality and biochemical markers of nutritional status of military service members. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) can be used to assess dietary quality and adherence to federal nutrition guidelines. The aim of this study was to assess soldiers’ diet quality and nutritional status and compare results to a civilian control group. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 531 soldiers. A food frequency questionnaire was used to calculate HEI scores. A blood sample was collected for analysis of select nutrition biochemical markers. Non-parametric analyses were conducted to compare the diet quality and nutritional status of soldiers and controls. Differences in non-normally distributed variables were determined by using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: Soldiers had an HEI score of 59.9 out of 100, marginally higher than the control group (55.4). Biochemical markers of interest were within normal reference values for soldiers, except for the omega-3 index and vitamin D. Conclusions: This study identified dietary components that need improvement and deficits in biochemical markers among soldiers. Improving diet quality and nutritional status should lead to better health, performance, and readiness of the force.

scholarly journals Dietary Quality in Vegetarian and Omnivorous Female Students in Germany: A Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1888
Author(s):  
Julia Blaurock ◽  
Birgit Kaiser ◽  
Tamara Stelzl ◽  
Michelle Weech ◽  
Rosalind Fallaize ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Added Sugars

Vegetarian diets have gained in popularity, especially among highly educated women, and are considered beneficial to health. Comparative studies assessing the diet of vegetarians against omnivores are rather limited and often provide ambivalent results. Therefore, this study examined the nutrient intake and nutritional quality of vegetarian and omnivorous diets in a group of 61 female students in Germany. Habitual dietary intake was evaluated using a validated graphical online food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Differences in nutrient intakes were analyzed by Mann–Whitney-U-Tests. Odds Ratios (OR) were calculated for vegetarians exceeding dietary reference values (DRV) compared to omnivores. The overall nutritional quality was assessed using the Healthy-Eating-Index-2015 (HEI-2015). In omnivores, intakes of total energy from saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-n3-PUFA), cholesterol, sucrose, lactose, retinol, and cobalamin were significantly higher than in vegetarians. Significantly lower intakes were observed for fiber, magnesium, and beta-carotene. Significant OR were detected for total fat (OR = 0.29), SFA (OR = 0.04), beta-carotene (OR = 4.55), and cobalamin (OR = 0.32). HEI-2015 scores were higher for vegetarians than for omnivores (79 points versus 74 points) and significant differences were recorded for the HEI-2015 components dairy, seafood & plant proteins, fatty acids, added sugars, and saturated fatty acids.

HPA axis responses to psychosocial stress in patients with social phobia

2008 ◽  
Vol 116 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Klumbies ◽  
J Hoyer ◽  
K Pöhlmann ◽  
P Joraschky ◽  
C Kirschbaum
Keyword(s):  
Social Phobia ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Psychosocial Stress

scholarly journals Pregnant Women Living with Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study of Dietary Quality and Pregnancy Outcomes

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1652
Author(s):  
Margaret Charnley ◽  
Lisa Newson ◽  
Andrew Weeks ◽  
Julie Abayomi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Obstetric Outcomes ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Cross Sectional

Good maternal nutrition is key to optimal maternal and foetal health. A poor-quality diet is often associated with obesity, and the prevalence and severity of maternal obesity has increased significantly in recent years. This study observed dietary intakes in pregnant women living with obesity and assessed the quality of their diet. In total, 140 women with a singleton pregnancy, aged > 18 years and BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2, were recruited from antenatal clinics, weighed and completed food diaries at 16-, 28- and 36-weeks’ gestation. Clinical data were recorded directly from the women’s medical records. Nutrient intake was determined using ‘MicrodietTM’, then compared to Dietary Reference Values (DRVs). Energy intakes were comparable with DRVs, but intakes of sugar and saturated fatty acids were significantly higher. Intake of fibre and several key micronutrients (Iron, Iodine, Folate and Vitamin D) were significantly low. Several adverse obstetric outcomes were higher than the general obstetric population. Women with obesity, often considered ‘over nourished’, may have diets deficient in essential micronutrients, often associated with poor obstetric outcomes. To address the intergenerational transmission of poor health via poor diets warrants a multi-disciplinary approach focusing away from ‘dieting’ onto positive messages, emphasising key nutrients required for good maternal and foetal health.

Are neighborhood restaurants related to frequency of restaurant meals and dietary quality?: Prevalence and changes over time in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Amy H. Auchincloss ◽  
Jingjing Li ◽  
Kari A. B. Moore ◽  
Manuel Franco ◽  
Mahasin S. Mujahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Longitudinal Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Eating Out ◽  
Restaurant Meals ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Objective: To examine whether the density of neighbourhood restaurants affected the frequency of eating restaurant meals and subsequently affected diet quality. Design: Cross-sectional and longitudinal designs. Structural equation models assessed the indirect relationship between restaurant density (≤3 miles (4.8 km) of participant addresses) and dietary quality (Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI)) via the frequency of eating restaurant meals, after adjustment for sociodemographics, select health conditions, region, residence duration and area-level income. Setting: Urbanised areas in multiple regions of the USA, years 2000–2002 and 2010–2012. Participants: Participants aged 45–84 years were followed for 10 years (n 3567). Results: Median HEI (out of 100) was 59 at baseline and 62 at follow-up. Cross-sectional analysis found residing in areas with a high density of restaurants (highest ranked quartile) was associated with 52% higher odds of frequently eating restaurant meals (≥3 times/week, odds ratio [OR]:1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-1.98) and 3% higher odds of having lower dietary quality (HEI lowest quartile<54, OR:1.03,CI:1.01-1.06); associations were not sustained in longitudinal analyses. Cross-sectional analysis found 34% higher odds of having lower dietary quality for those who frequently ate at restaurants (OR:1.34,CI:1.12-1.61); and more restaurant meals (over time increase ≥1 times/week) was associated with higher odds of having worse dietary quality at follow-up (OR:1.21,CI:1.00-1.46). Conclusions: Restaurant density was associated with frequently eating out in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses but was associated with the lower dietary quality only in cross-sectional analyses. Frequent restaurant meals were negatively related to dietary quality. Interventions that encourage less frequent eating out may improve population dietary quality.

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