Clinical significance of lipoprotein size and risk for coronary atherosclerosis

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
P S Roheim ◽  
B F Asztalos
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Metabolism ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Ldl Particles ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Lipoprotein Size

Abstract Correlation between coronary heart disease and lipoprotein size and composition is well documented. Within the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) family the small LDL particles are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease. These particles also have increased apolipoprotein (apo) B content. The appearance of these small LDL particles is the manifestation of complex alteration of plasma lipoprotein metabolism. The LDL size is influenced by genetic, endocrine, and environmental factors. Within the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) family the decrease of larger HDL2 particles is associated with coronary heart disease. HDLs can also be separated according to their apoprotein composition into particles containing lipoprotein (Lp)A-I only and particles containing LpA-I and LpA-II. Most studies have shown that the concentration of LpA-I-only particles decreases in coronary heart disease. HDLs are remodeled in the circulation and this remodeling continues in vitro after the blood is taken. Therefore adequate preservation of blood samples is necessary.

scholarly journals Knockdown of lncRNA ENST00000609755.1 Confers Protection Against Early oxLDL-Induced Coronary Heart Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Sun ◽  
Shuna Huang ◽  
Chunyu Wan ◽  
Qishuang Ruan ◽  
Xiaoxu Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Peripheral Blood Leukocyte ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Human Coronary Artery ◽  
Injury Model

Background: This study investigated the association between long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and coronary heart disease (CHD) and further elucidated the potential biological roles of lncRNAs in CHD pathogenesis.Methods: A case-control study (590 patients and 590 controls) was conducted from February 2017 and March 2019 in Fuzhou, China. Environmental factors were investigated using questionnaires and physical examinations. Five representative lncRNAs were screened using lncRNA microarray (peripheral blood in 5 cases and 5 controls) and further verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (peripheral blood leukocyte in 100 cases and 100 controls). Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) was used to induce a human coronary artery endothelial cell (HCAECs) injury model, and loss of function was used to elucidate the role of lncRNA ENST00000609755.1 (lnc-MICALL2-2) in oxLDL-induced HCAECs injury.Results: A total of 320 lncRNAs were found dysregulated in CHD patients (fold change> 2, p < 0.05). The results of a discovery microarray, population verification and HCAEC experiments suggested the lnc-MICALL2-2 is upregulated in CHD subjects and in an oxLDL-induced HCAECs injury model. Conversely, lnc-MICALL2-2 inhibition in vitro attenuated the effects of oxLDL on HCAECs morphology, proliferation, and apoptosis.Conclusion: Elevated expression of lnc-MICALL2-2 is an independent risk factor for CHD, and knockdown subsequently confers protection against early pathological processes of oxLDL-induced CHD.

scholarly journals Triglyceride-containing lipoprotein sub-fractions and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: A prospective analysis in 11,560 adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (15) ◽  
pp. 1617-1626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshni Joshi ◽  
S Goya Wannamethee ◽  
Jorgen Engmann ◽  
Tom Gaunt ◽  
Deborah A Lawlor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Individual

Aims Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease; however, there is uncertainty about the role of total triglycerides and the individual triglyceride-containing lipoprotein sub-fractions. We measured 14 triglyceride-containing lipoprotein sub-fractions using nuclear magnetic resonance and examined associations with coronary heart disease and stroke. Methods Triglyceride-containing sub-fraction measures were available in 11,560 participants from the three UK cohorts free of coronary heart disease and stroke at baseline. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the association of each sub-fraction with coronary heart disease and stroke expressed as the odds ratio per standard deviation increment in the corresponding measure. Results The 14 triglyceride-containing sub-fractions were positively correlated with one another and with total triglycerides, and inversely correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Thirteen sub-fractions were positively associated with coronary heart disease (odds ratio in the range 1.12 to 1.22), with the effect estimates for coronary heart disease being comparable in subgroup analysis of participants with and without type 2 diabetes, and were attenuated after adjustment for HDL-C and LDL-C. There was no evidence for a clear association of any triglyceride lipoprotein sub-fraction with stroke. Conclusions Triglyceride sub-fractions are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease but not stroke, with attenuation of effects on adjustment for HDL-C and LDL-C.

scholarly journals Familial Defective Apolipoprotein B-100: A Study of Patients from Lipid Clinics in Scotland and Wales

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip R Wenham ◽  
Peter Bloomfield ◽  
Gillian Blundell ◽  
Michael D Penney ◽  
Peter W H Rae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Pedigree Analysis ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Apo B ◽  
History Of

Familial defective apolipoprotein (apo) B-100 (FDB) is an autosomal codominant disorder, which may be associated with hypercholesterolaemia. The defect is caused by the substitution of glutamine for arginine at amino acid residue 3500 of apo B-100. A total of 357 hypercholesterolaemic patients, 48 with a clinical diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia attending lipid clinics in Scotland and Wales, were screened for the presence of FDB. Seven unrelated individuals, five of whom had a family history of coronary heart disease, and a further 11 first-degree relatives, were shown to be heterozygous for the mutation. Pedigree analysis demonstrated the mutation to be present on a single haplotype, suggesting that in Britain it is inherited from a common ancestor. Treatment of 11 heterozygous individuals with lipid-lowering medication showed falls in total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol ranging from 11·6 to 38·8% and 5·3 to 49·5%, respectively. In view of the condition's association with coronary heart disease and hypercholesterolaemia, it may be worthwhile identifying carriers attending lipid clinics, so that affected siblings can be offered cholesterol-lowering treatment where necessary.

Reversible menopause induced by the GnRH analogue buserelin: effects on lipoprotein metabolism

1992 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Farish ◽  
Colin D Fletcher ◽  
Judith F Barnes ◽  
Ann Mack ◽  
Christina E Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Lipoprotein Metabolism ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Premature Menopause ◽  
Gnrh Analogue ◽  
Lipoprotein Subfractions ◽  
Increased Risk

GnRH agonists can induce a reversible pharmacological menopause and can be used to treat endometriosis, a fairly common gynaecological problem which responds well to oestrogen deprivation. Premature menopause is associated with adverse lipid changes and an increased risk of coronary heart disease. Therefore we set out to investigate changes in lipoprotein metabolism in a group of premenopausal women being treated with the GnRH analogue buserelin for active endometriosis. We monitored lipoprotein levels, high density lipoprotein subfractions and apolipoproteins AI, AII and B during a 12-month course of treatment and for 6 months afterwards. Treatment caused a sustained increase in HDL3 cholesterol levels and a small increase in low density lipoprotein cholesterol, which was significant at the six-month visit only. Apolipoprotein B levels rose significantly and there were marginal increases in apolipoproteins AI and AII. All changes and trends were reversed after cessation of treatment. We conclude that the treatment did not profoundly affect lipoprotein metabolism, neither LDL nor HDL cholesterol, the established important risk markers for coronary heart disease appreciably altered.

Hypercholesterolemia and Hyper-α-Lipoproteinemia in Schoolchildren

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-487
Author(s):  
Charles J. Glueck ◽  
Kathe Kelly ◽  
Margot J. Mellies ◽  
Peter S. Gartside ◽  
Paula M. Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Reduced Risk

Elevated levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (C-HDL) can explain apparent hypercholesterolemia in some children, and high C-HDL levels may aggregate in families. In this study, 17 kindreds were identified by virtue of hypercholesterolemic proband children whose hypercholesterolemia was accounted for by elevated C-HDL levels. Family lipid and lipoprotein sampling revealed three-generation vertical appearance of elevated C-HDL level in two kindreds, and two-generation vertical appearance in eight additional kindreds. Since C-HDL level is inversely associated with coronary heart disease in adults, it is important to quantitate C-HDL and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (C-LDL) in hypercholesterolemic children and to identify those with putatively reduced risk (elevated C-HDL level) or increased risk (elevated C-LDL level).

scholarly journals SMALL DENSE LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN WITH ANGIOGRAPHICALLY ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN CORONARY HEART DISEASE (Small Dense Low Density Lipoprotein dengan Aterosklerosis Secara Angiografi di Penyakit Jantung Koroner)

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Yuliani Zalukhu ◽  
Siti Muchayat Purnamaningsih ◽  
Nahar Taufik ◽  
Suwarso Suwarso
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Apo B

Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK) merupakan penyebab kematian utama di berbagai negara maju maupun yang berkembang danbiasanya terjadi bagi mereka yang memiliki kadar kolesterol tinggi, serta berusia lanjut. Namun baru-baru ini, penyakit jantung koronerlebih sering terjadi pada usia muda dan kadar kolesterol yang normal. Beberapa telitian menunjukkan bahwa LDL terdiri atas tujuhsubtype yaitu small dense Low Density Lipoprotein (sd-LDL) merupakan subtipe LDL yang jauh lebih aterogenik, sehingga sangat mudahmenyebabkan aterosklerosis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan antara sd-LDL dan persentaseaterosklerosis secara angiografi di penyakit jantung koroner. Rancangan penelitian adalah potong lintang, subjek penelitian 54 pasienPJK dipilih secara berurutan, yang menjalani pemeriksaan angiografi di RSUP. Dr. Sardjito, Yogyakarta. Penyakit jantung koronerditetapkan berdasarkan gejala klinis dan pemeriksaan EKG, aterosklerosis ditetapkan dengan pemeriksaan angiografi, sedangkansd-LDL merupakan angka banding LDL-C/Apo-B yang <1,2 diukur dengan metode enzimatik homogeneous dan Immunoturbidimetry.Kenasaban antara sd-LDL dengan aterosklerosis dianalisis dengan uji Spearman. Pada penelitian ini terteliti terdiri atas 37 laki-laki dan17 perempuan dengan gejala terbanyak nyeri dada 47(87%), diagnosis didominasi oleh angina pektoris stabil 49(90,8%) dan pengobatanpaling banyak adalah golongan statin. Ciri angka banding LDL-C/Apo-B serta persentase aterosklerosis subjek penelitian ditunjukkan diTabel 4, terlihat bahwa sd-LDL mempunyai rerata 1,06 dengan nilai minimal 0,81 dan maksimal 1,16, serta large buoyant LDL memilikirerata 1,34 dengan nilai minimum 1,20 dan nilai maksimum 1,48, sedangkan persentase aterosklerosis bernilai rerata 46,68% dengannilai minimal 0% dan maksimal 100%. Ditemukan kenasaban negatif, sedangkan yang bermakna antara small dense Low DensityLipoprotein (sd-LDL) dengan persentase aterosklerosis secara angiografi (r=-0,451; p=0,014).

scholarly journals Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, Apolipoprotein B, and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher C. Imes ◽  
Melissa A. Austin
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Apolipoprotein B ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Genetic Tests ◽  
Apo B

Coronary heart disease (CHD) affects 17 million people in the United States and accounts for over a million hospital stays each year. Technological advances, especially in genetics and genomics, have changed our understanding of the risk factors for developing CHD. The purpose of this article is to review low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein B (apo B), and risk of CHD. The article focuses on five topics: (1) a description of lipoprotein classes, normal lipoprotein metabolism, and the biological mechanism of atherosclerosis; (2) a review of selected epidemiologic and clinical trial studies examining the associations between elevated LDL-C and apo B with CHD; (3) a brief review of the familial forms of hyperlipidemia; (4) a description of variants in genes that have been associated with higher LDL-C levels in candidate gene studies and genome-wide association studies (GWAS); and (5) nursing implications, including a discussion on how genetic tests are evaluated and the current clinical utility and validity of genetic tests for CHD.

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