scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of the Rattle Calls in Corvus and Nucifraga: The Effect of Body Size, Bill Size, and Phylogeny

The Condor ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Laiolo ◽  
Antonio Rolando
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Spectral Properties ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Frequency Peak ◽  
History Of ◽  
Patterns And Processes ◽  
Bill Length ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Study Species

Abstract We assessed the effect of body size and bill length on the acoustic properties of the rattle calls of 15 corvid species. First, we correlated body traits and the acoustic properties of rattles, regardless of the evolutionary history of the study species. Then we repeated the analysis, taking into account phylogeny and thus excluding its effect on morphological and acoustic characters. When the potential effects of phylogeny were ruled out, the second frequency peak was negatively correlated to body size. The carrying frequency also decreased with decreasing body size, but the relationship was weaker than that resulting from a phylogeny-free analysis. This pattern is consistent with the demonstrated body-size–frequency allometry in the vocalizations of many birds. Bill length also influenced rattle spectral properties. We emphasize that patterns and processes elucidated with comparative studies can be biased if species relatedness is not considered. Análisis Comparativo de las Llamadas de Matraqueo entre Corvus y Nucifraga: Efecto del Tamaño Corporal, Tamaño del Pico y Filogenia Resumen. Evaluamos el efecto del tamaño corporal y la longitud del pico sobre las propiedades acústicas de los llamados de matraqueo de 15 especies de córvidos. Primero, correlacionamos los caracteres corporales con las propiedades acústicas del matraqueo independientemente de la historia evolutiva de las especies estudiadas. Luego, repetimos el análisis tomando en cuenta la filogenia, excluyendo su efecto sobre los caracteres morfológicos y acústicos. Cuando los potenciales efectos filogenéticos fueron removidos, el segundo pico en la frecuencia se correlacionó negativamente con el tamaño corporal. La frecuencia principal también decreció con la disminución del tamaño corporal, pero esta relación fue más débil que la resultante de un análisis sin considerar la filogenia. Este patrón es consistente con la alometría entre el tamaño corporal y la frecuencia de las vocalizaciones de muchas aves. La longitud del pico también influyó sobre las propiedades espectrales del matraqueo. Enfatizamos que los patrones y procesos elucidados a través de estudios comparativos pueden encontrarse sesgados si no se consideran las relaciones entre las especies.

scholarly journals The Origin and Evolution of Pacific Island Biotas, New Guinea to Eastern Polynesia: Patterns and Processes

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 408
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Majer
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
History Of ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Patterns And Processes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Tropical Pacific

A number of publications have considered the biogeography of various subsets of the Pacific Region, including the earlier works by J. L. Gressitt (Pacific Basin Biogeography) and by F. J. Radovsky and others (Biogeography of the Tropical Pacific). In addition to these, substantial edited volumes have been produced on the Biogeography and Ecology of New Guinea (by J. L. Gressitt), on Biogeography and Ecology in Australia (by A. Keast), on the relationship between these two regions in Bridge and Barrier: The Natural and Cultural History of the Torres Strait (by D. Walker) and on Hawaiian Biogeography: Evolution of a Hot Spot Archipelago (by W. L. Wagner and V. A. Funk). A substantial list of papers, reviews and symposia also pertain to the biogeography of this region.

scholarly journals Pattern, process, inference and prediction in extinction biology

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 20160828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry W. Brook ◽  
John Alroy
Keyword(s):  
Natural Science ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Patterns And Processes

Extinction is a key feature of the evolutionary history of life, and assessments of extinction risk are essential for the effective protection of biodiversity. The goal in assembling this special issue of Biology Letters was to highlight problems and questions at the research frontier of extinction biology, with an emphasis on recent developments in the methodology of inferring the patterns and processes of extinction from a background of often noisy and sparse data. In selecting topics, we sought to illustrate how extinction is not simply a self-evident phenomenon, but the subject of a dynamic and quantitatively rigorous field of natural science, with practical applications to conservation.

scholarly journals Patterns and processes in the evolutionary history of parrotfishes (Family Labridae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
John. H. Choat ◽  
Oya. S. klanten ◽  
Lynne Van Herwerden ◽  
D. Ross Robertson ◽  
Kendall D. Clements
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Patterns And Processes

Materiality in Sound Art

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asbjørn Blokkum Flø
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Composition ◽  
Sound Art ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Western Art ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Art Forms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Surrounding Space ◽  
Sound Objects ◽  
The Relationship

This article investigates the recent resurgence of kinetic sound art in light of the relationship between art and material. It does this by studying the history of mechanical musical instruments and kinetic art, the role of immateriality in the history of Western art, and the renewed focus on materiality in the arts. Materiality is key to understanding the resurgence of kinetics in sound art. The first part of this article studies the historical narratives of materiality in sound art, while the second part investigates materiality in my own works as more contemporary examples. Here the text turns to exploration of the material and acoustic properties of metal rods and plates, and suggests that direct contact with sound-producing objects provides opportunities for new art forms where the morphology of sound can be developed in dialogue with the physical objects and the surrounding space. By examining the underlying acoustic principles of rods and plates, we get a deeper understanding of the relationship between mathematical models and the actual sounding objects. Using the acoustic model with basic input parameters enables us to explore the timbral possibilities of the sound objects. This allows us to shape the spectrum of acoustic sound objects with great attention to detail, and makes models from spectromorphology relevant during the construction of the objects. The physical production of sound objects becomes both spectral composition and shaping of spatial objects. This highlights the importance of knowledge of both materials and acoustic principles, and questions the traditional perception of sound art and music as immaterial art forms.

The infaunal descendants of the Cycloconchidae: an outline of the evolutionary history and taxonomy of the Heteroconchia, superfamilies Cycloconchacea to Chamacea

1978 ◽  
Vol 284 (1001) ◽  
pp. 259-275 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Shallow Marine ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Marine Sand ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The history of the Heteroconchia is traced from the earliest Ordovician, where they occur in shallow, marine sand and silt and inshore mud facies throughout the Palaeozoic, where in contrast to Mesozoic and more recent times they are numerically less important than the Anomalodesmata in the number of species present in the infauna. Evidence for the relationship of the heteroconch superfamilies from Cycloconchacea to Chamacea is discussed and a number of modifications to their existing classification made.

scholarly journals THE EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF CETACEAN BRAIN AND BODY SIZE

Evolution ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 3339-3353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen H. Montgomery ◽  
Jonathan H. Geisler ◽  
Michael R. McGowen ◽  
Charlotte Fox ◽  
Lori Marino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals The evolutionary history of Drosophila buzzatii. XX. Positive phenotypic covariance between field adult fitness components and body size

1992 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Santos ◽  
Alfredo Ruiz ◽  
Jorge E. Quezada-Diaz ◽  
Antonio Barbadilla ◽  
Antonio Fontdevila
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Fitness Components ◽  
Drosophila Buzzatii ◽  
Adult Fitness ◽  
History Of

First occurrence of Maiasaura (Dinosauria, Hadrosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous Oldman Formation of southern Alberta, Canada

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Bradley D. McFeeters ◽  
David C. Evans ◽  
Michael J. Ryan ◽  
Hillary C. Maddin
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Margin ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Phylogenetic Divergence ◽  
The Relationship

We describe a new partial skull with braincase of a maiasaurin hadrosaurid from the Milk River Ridge Reservoir near Warner, southern Alberta, as the first diagnostic occurrence of Maiasaura in Canada. This material was collected in the Oldman Formation, at approximately the same stratigraphic level as a nearby bonebed of the ceratopsid Coronosaurus brinkmani. The assignment of this specimen to Maiasaura, rather than to Brachylophosaurus, is supported by the narrow and acute posterior margin of the external naris, the relationship between the postorbital and squamosal in the supratemporal bar, and the morphology of the frontals, which are greatly thickened and elevated anteriorly, with the dorsal surface not completely covered by the nasofrontal contact at adult size. The occurrence of both Maiasaura and Brachylophosaurus in approximately similar-aged deposits of the Comrey Sandstone zone in southern Alberta provides support for some cladogenesis in the evolutionary history of Maiasaurini. Geographically, the more western distribution of Maiasaura localities with respect to all Brachylophosaurus localities is consistent with the hypothesis that a preference for more inland versus seaway-adjacent habitats may have influenced the phylogenetic divergence of these taxa.

scholarly journals Characteristics of tiger moth (Erebidae: Arctiinae) anti-bat sounds can be predicted from tymbal morphology

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas J. Dowdy ◽  
William E. Conner
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Acoustic Characteristics ◽  
Tiger Moth ◽  
Shared Ancestry ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tiger Moths ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Acoustic signals are used by many animals to transmit information. Variation in the acoustic characteristics of these signals often covaries with morphology and can relay information about an individual’s fitness, sex, species, and/or other characteristics important for both mating and defense. Tiger moths (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae) use modified cuticular plates called “tymbal organs” to produce ultrasonic clicks which can aposematically signal their toxicity, mimic the signals of other species, or, in some cases, disrupt bat echolocation. The morphology of the tymbal organs and the sounds they produce vary greatly between species, but it is unclear how the variation in morphology gives rise to the variation in acoustic characteristics. This is the first study to determine how the morphological features of tymbals can predict the acoustic characteristics of the signals they produce. Results We show that the number of striations on the tymbal surface (historically known as “microtymbals”) and, to a lesser extent, the ratio of the projected surface area of the tymbal to that of the thorax have a strong, positive correlation with the number of clicks a moth produces per unit time. We also found that some clades have significantly different regression coefficients, and thus the relationship between microtymbals and click rate is also dependent on the shared ancestry of different species. Conclusions Our predictive model allows the click rates of moths to be estimated using preserved material (e.g., from museums) in cases where live specimens are unavailable. This has the potential to greatly accelerate our understanding of the distribution of sound production and acoustic anti-bat strategies employed by tiger moths. Such knowledge will generate new insights into the evolutionary history of tiger moth anti-predator defenses on a global scale.

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