scholarly journals Successful percutaneous mitral valve leaflet repair for primary mitral regurgitation results in functional improvement and positive cardiac reverse remodelling

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
TP Craven ◽  
PG Chew ◽  
M Gorecka ◽  
LAE Brown ◽  
A Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Valve Leaflet ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Mitral Valve Leaflet ◽  
Reverse Remodelling ◽  
Primary Mitral Regurgitation

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Percutaneous mitral valve leaflet repair can be an effective treatment for primary mitral regurgitation (MR) patients deemed high-risk for surgery. Accurate assessment of cardiac reverse remodelling is essential to optimise future patient selection. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is the reference standard for cardiac volumetric assessment and compared to transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) provides superior reproducibility in MR quantification. Prior CMR studies have analysed cardiac reverse remodelling following percutaneous intervention in combined cohorts of primary and secondary MR patients. However, as aetiology of MR can significantly impact outcomes, focused studies are warranted. Purpose Assess cardiac reverse remodelling and quantify changes in MR following percutaneous mitral valve leaflet repair for primary MR using the reference standard (CMR). Methods 12 patients with at least moderate-severe MR on TTE were prospectively recruited to undergo CMR imaging and 6-minute walk tests (6MWT) at baseline and 6 months following percutaneous mitral valve leaflet repair (MitraClip). CMR protocol involved: left-ventricular (LV) short axis cines (bSSFP, SENSE-2, 10mm, no gap), transaxial right-ventricular (RV) cines (bSSFP, SENSE-2, 8mm, no gap), two and four chamber cines and aortic through-plane phase contrast imaging, planned at the sino-tubular junction. MR was quantified indirectly using LV and aortic stroke volumes. Results 12 patients underwent percutaneous mitral valve leaflet repair (MitraClip) for posterior mitral valve leaflet prolapse, however 1 patient declined follow up after single-leaflet clip detachment resulting in 11 patients (age 83 ± 5years, 9 male) completing follow up imaging. At 6-months: significant improvements occurred in New York Heart Association functional class (Table 1) and 6MWT distances (223 ± 71m to 281 ± 65m, p = 0.005) and significant reductions occurred in indexed left ventricular end-diastolic volumes (LVEDVi) (118 ± 21ml/m2 to 94 ± 27ml/m2, p = 0.001), indexed left ventricular end-systolic volumes (58 ± 19ml/m2 to 48 ± 21ml/m2, p = 0.007) and quantitated MR volume (55 ± 22ml to 24 ± 12ml, p = 0.003) and MR fraction (49 ± 9.4% to 29 ± 14%, p= <0.001). There were no statistically significant changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), right ventricular dimensions/ejection fraction or bi-atrial dimensions (Table 1). All patients demonstrated decreased LVEDVi and quantified MR (Figure 1). Conclusion Successful percutaneous mitral valve leaflet repair for primary MR results in reduction in MR, positive LV reverse remodelling, preservation of LVEF, and functional improvements. Larger CMR studies are now required to further guide optimal patient selection.

Isolated cleft of the posterior mitral valve leaflet with mitral valve prolapse

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Valve Leaflet ◽  
Cardiac Murmur ◽  
Mitral Valve Leaflet ◽  
Excellent Outcome ◽  
Normal Left Ventricular ◽  
Congenital Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
And Function

Isolated cleft of posterior mitral valve leaflet is a very rare cause of congenital mitral regurgitation. We present a 56-year-old woman referred for an echocardiogram by her physician for evaluation of a cardiac murmur. The echocardiogram showed normal left ventricular sizes and function; an isolated cleft of the posterior mitral valve leaflet with posterior leaflet prolapse causing severe mitral regurgitation. The patient was treated surgically with excellent outcome.

Reversal of Left Ventricular Functions in Chronic Mitral Regurgitation after Mitral Valve Replacement

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Montaser Elsawy Abd elaziz ◽  
Islam Moheb Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Valve Replacement ◽  
Mitral Valve Replacement ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ventricular Functions

<strong>Background:</strong> Mitral valve regurgitation leads to deterioration of left ventricular functions if not treated early. We aimed to study the effect of mitral valve replacement on normalization of ejection fraction, remodeling of left ventricular dimensions, and left atrial reduction in patients with chronic mitral regurgitation.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> Between December 2012 and August 2014, <br />45 patients with chronic mitral regurgitation underwent isolated mitral valve replacement. None of the patients had any other severe valvular or concomitant disease or severe coronary heart  disease. The patients were evaluated by echocardiography (preoperative, 1-week, and 1-year postoperative). The results were statistically analyzed by paired t test.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Forty-five patients who underwent mitral valve replacement in our hospital were included in  the study. The group comprised 20 men and 25 women; the mean age was 31.8 ± 6.76 years. The mean  left ventricular ejection fraction was 61.09 ± 7.6 and decreased significantly to 59.04 ± 6.65 and 59.67 ± 6.56, 1-week and 1-year postoperative follow up, respectively. The left atrium showed significant reduction in size (4 ± 0.54 cm) at 1-year postoperative follow up, from (4.51 ± 0.57 cm) one-week postoperative, and from (5.55 ± 0.88 cm) preoperatively. The mean left ventricular end systolic diameter significantly decreased from 4.06 ± 0.65 cm preoperatively to 3.4 ± 0.4 cm, 1-week postoperative (P = .01), and also decreased significantly to 3.45 ± 0.51 cm at 1-year follow up postoperatively, but was higher than that at 1-week follow up. Also, the mean left ventricular end diastolic diameter decreased  significantly during periods of follow up (P &lt; .001).<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Reversal of left ventricular functions and reduction of left-sided chamber dimensions are possible if early mitral valve replacement is considered in chronic mitral regurgitation before worsening of the condition.<br /><br />

P589Assessment of cardiac reverse remodelling following mitral valve repair and mitral valve replacement in degenerative mitral regurgitation: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P G Chew ◽  
L E Dobson ◽  
P Garg ◽  
F J L Richards ◽  
J R Foley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Reverse Remodelling ◽  
Lv Ejection Fraction ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Mitral valve (MV) repair is currently recommended over replacement (1). The guidelines suggesting this are however based on historic evidence which compared outdated techniques of MV replacement. Recent data cast doubts on its validity in the current era of chordal-preservation techniques in MV replacement. Purpose Using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging, this study aimed to assess the impact of MV repair and MV replacement on cardiac left ventricular (LV) reverse remodelling. Methods 65 patients with moderate-severe and severe mitral regurgitation (MR) were prospectively recruited. Of these, 37 patients (59% men, 65±15 years) to date with paired CMR scans at baseline and at 6 months were evaluated. Patients either underwent MV repair (n=9), MV replacement (n=10) or watchful waiting (n=18). The CMR protocol included cines for left ventricle (LV), left atria (LA), and aortic flow assessment. The LA and LV parameters, and MR fraction were analysed. Results At 6 months, both the MV repair and replacement groups exhibited a reduction in LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and LA volumes when compared to the control group. The indexed LVEDV decreased significantly from 129±33ml/m2 to 99±37ml/m2, p<0.001 in the repair group, from 118±24ml/m2 to 90±26ml/m2, p<0.001 in the replacement group and remained unchanged in the control group 115±25ml/m2 to 113±25ml/m2, p=0.53. The absolute reduction in indexed LVEDV was not significantly different between the repair and replacement groups (−30±15ml/m2 vs −29±19ml/m2, repair vs replacement, p=1.00). Similarly, both surgical groups also sustained an equal degree of LA size reduction (−42±26ml/m2 vs −36±23ml/m2, repair vs replacement; p=1.00). There was a decline in the global postoperative LV ejection fraction (Table 1). The degree of reduction in LV ejection fraction however did not differ between the repair and replacement group (−9±6% vs −6±8%, repair vs replacement; p=1.00). Those undergoing surgery experienced a significant reduction in their MR severity, although those with replacement had a more effective reduction in MR severity (MR fraction for repair: 47±9% to 15±10%, p<0.001 vs replacement: 41±13% to 5±4%, p<0.001). Conclusion MV surgery leads to atrial and left ventricular reverse remodelling, and a decline in global LV ejection fraction. In this small series, MV replacement with chordal preservation showed similar cardiac reverse remodelling benefits to MV repair. Although residual MR is often seen following repair, this did not lead to less favourable cardiac reverse remodelling. Acknowledgement/Funding Leeds NIHR infrastructure

scholarly journals Safety, effectiveness and costs of percutaneous mitral valve repair: A real-world prospective study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251463
Author(s):  
Iain Willits ◽  
Kim Keltie ◽  
Mark de Belder ◽  
Robert Henderson ◽  
Nicholas Linker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
Hospital Readmissions ◽  
Routine Data ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Functional Class ◽  
Valve Leaflet ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Mitral Valve Leaflet

Aims Percutaneous mitral valve leaflet repair is a treatment option for some people with severe mitral valve regurgitation for whom conventional mitral valve surgery is clinically inappropriate. This study aimed to determine the safety, efficacy, and costs of percutaneous mitral valve leaflet repair, using the MitraClip device in a UK setting. Methods and results This was a prospective, single-armed registry with a follow-up of 2 years that reported a range of procedural, clinical and patient-orientated outcomes. Registry data were linked to routine data sources to allow for more comprehensive follow up concerning mortality and healthcare resource use. The registry received data for 199 mainly elective patients with mixed mitral regurgitation aetiology. A MitraClip device was implanted in 187 patients (94%), with a procedural success rate of 86%, with 8% of patients having a serious in-hospital adverse event (including 5% mortality). Percutaneous mitral valve leaflet repair reduced mitral regurgitation from 100% MR grade ≥ 3+ to 7% at discharge. There were corresponding improvements in New York Heart Association functional class, reducing from 92% (class ≥ 3) at baseline to 18% at 6 weeks. There were significant improvements in generic and disease specific quality of life indicators up to 2 years. The all-cause mortality rate was estimated to be 12.7% (95% CI 7.5 to 17.7%) at 1 year. Percutaneous mitral valve leaflet repair was associated with reduced hospital readmissions and potential cost-savings in post-procedural care. Conclusion This study shows that percutaneous mitral valve leaflet repair using MitraClip is a relatively safe and effective treatment in patients unable to tolerate surgery and has the potential to reduce ongoing healthcare costs in the UK.

scholarly journals The use of a functional technique for neo-chords’ length determination during reconstructive operations for degenerative mitral regurgitation

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 712-716
Author(s):  
M N Mukharyamov ◽  
R K Dzhordzhikiya ◽  
I V Abdul’yanov ◽  
I I Vagizov ◽  
D F Safarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Volume Overload ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Mitral Valve Leaflet ◽  
Reconstructive Operations ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Aim. To evaluate to effectiveness and safety of the functional technique of measuring the length neo-chords during reconstructive operations on the mitral valve for degenerative mitral regurgitation. Methods. The study included 34 patients, in whom the method of chord prosthesis with polytetrafluoroethylene sutures was used for correction of the anterior and/or posterior mitral valve leaflet prolapse. In order to determine the length of the chords a technique of functional hydraulic tests with a sliding suture knot was used by pressure infusion of a cold isotonic sodium chloride solution into the left ventricle until optimal geometry and competence of the valve leaflets was achieved. Results. No perioperative deaths were registered. The average postoperative length of hospital stay was 10±3.1 days. In 97% of the cases this technique made it possible to obtain immediate satisfactory hemodynamic results of the reconstruction. In long-term follow-up (13 months) 1 (3%) patient was re-operated for severe mitral regurgitation that was associated with the detachment of a native anterior leaflet chord, which was discovered during the operation. The two neo-chords epithelialized, became macroscopically indistinguishable from the native chords, and could be identified by the knots on the atrial side of the leaflet, their integrity was not compromised. In all other cases long-term follow-up after the operation showed a satisfactory hemodynamic functionality of the mitral valve. 76% of the operated patients had postoperative echocardiographic examination performed in our center. In 42% of patients there was no insufficiency, 44% of the patients had 1st degree regurgitation, in 14% of patients the regurgitation was classified as 1-2 degree with no signs of left atrium volume overload, left ventricular dysfunction or symptoms of heart failure. Conclusion. The functional technique for determining the length of neo-chords is an effective and safe method that makes it possible to successfully perform reconstructive operations for degenerative mitral regurgitation.

Chronic Mitral Valve Leaflet Growth Following Myocardial Infarction

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel K. Rausch ◽  
Frederick A. Tibayan ◽  
D. Craig Miller ◽  
Ellen Kuhl
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Left Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Valve Leaflet ◽  
Mitral Valve Leaflet

One of the primary failure modes of the mitral valve is mitral regurgitation (MR). MR often follows myocardial infarction, in which case it is referred to as ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR). IMR is a result of alterations to the annular and subvalvular apparatus secondary to left ventricular remodeling [1]. Recent studies showed that the mitral valve can adapt to IMR by increasing leaflet size to reduce the degree of regurgitation. Understanding the exact biomechanical and biochemical mechanisms behind mitral valve adaptation may open new treatment strategies for patients with mitral regurgitation [2]. In this study [3], we investigated the phenomenon of mitral valve leaflet “growth” in an ovine model to define the mechanisms that drive the “growth” process. We further quantified regional and directional variations in “growth” across the anterior mitral valve leaflet (AMVL).

scholarly journals P1698 Mitral valve endocarditis in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Shirka ◽  
H Gjergo ◽  
O Avdullari ◽  
A Goda
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Outflow Tract ◽  
Valve Leaflet ◽  
Systolic Anterior Motion ◽  
Mitral Valve Leaflet ◽  
History Of

Abstract Introduction Endocarditis complicating hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is not commonly reported but occurs almost universally in patients showing evidence of outflow tract obstruction. The estimated cumulative 10 year probability of developing endocarditis in obstructive HCM is &lt; 5%. We report a rare case of mitral valve endocarditis in a young man with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. Case report A 45 years old man was admitted to the emergency room after a 7 days history of weakness, thoracic discomfort, short of breath, cough and temperature up to 40 °C. He was treated with oral antibiotics in ambulatory setting, but symptoms persisted. He had no previous history of hypertension or known heart disease, family history of coronary heart disease and excessive smoker. On clinical examination, the patient was afebrile with a harsh systolic murmur. Initial blood tests showed normal inflammatory markers (C reactive protein 0.2 mg/l and fibrinogen 202 mg/dL) and normal blood sample. An ECG showed major left ventricular hypertrophy and abnormal lateral repolarisation. Transthoracic echocardiography showed localized septal hypertrophy (2.4 cm) and systolic anterior motion of the anterior mitral leaflet. Continuous wave Doppler ultrasound in the left ventricular cavity and outflow tract, had given a maximal predicted gradient of 73 mmHg. There was suspicion of vegetation on the anterior mitral valve leaflet and mitral regurgitation was quantified as moderate. Transoesophageal echocardiography confirmed the presence of vegetation on the anterior mitral valve leaflet, posterior leaflet prolapse and moderate mitral regurgitation. We found normal coronary arteries on coronary angio-CT. Treatment with intravenous antibiotics was initiated and the case was discussed with a microbiologist and a cardiothoracic surgeon. Discussion Infective endocarditis is a rare complication of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). It is clear from morphological studies that systolic anterior motion of the anterior mitral valve leaflet is relevant to the pathogenesis of endocarditis. Pathogenesis of infective endocarditis in obstructive HCM can be explained by endocardium damage of the mitral or aortic valve, consequence of turbulence of blood flow during ejection and of the contact between the mitral anterior leaflet and the septum during systole as well as mitral regurgitation. Antibiotic therapy is the mainstay of the treatment. Surgery should be considered promptly whenever there is traditional indication (haemodynamic, emboli, persistent fever, abscess). Surgical procedure may consist of valve replacement or repair, and some authors reported relieve of outflow tract obstruction after mitral valve replacement which may be explained by the removal of systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve. Valve surgery combined with septal myectomy seems logical but requires great expertise and carries a higher operative mortality Abstract P1698 Figure.

Invasive exercise hemodynamics in patients with severe primary mitral regurgitation and preserved ejection fraction predicts future valve surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Hein ◽  
J.N Neu ◽  
S.D Dorfs ◽  
S.D Doerken ◽  
W.Z Zeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Mitral Valve Surgery ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Valve Surgery ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Exercise Hemodynamics ◽  
Primary Mitral Regurgitation

Abstract Background The role of invasive exercise hemodynamics in the management of asymptomatic patients with severe primary mitral regurgitation (MR) is unclear. Methods and results We compared the predictive power of parameters of invasive exercise testing for future valve surgery to guideline-defined non-invasive criteria. Maximal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), PCWP normalized to workload and weight (PCWL), and invasive maximal systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) were assessed in 113 asymptomatic patients with severe primary MR between 1996 and 2012. Mean age was 52±11 years, 16% were female, ejection fraction was ≥55% in all patients. During a median follow up of 4.5 years (IQR2.0; 8.3) 54 patients (48%) underwent valve surgery. In univariate analysis PCWP (P&lt;0.001), PCWL (P&lt;0.001), and maximal SPAP (P=0.009) were significantly associated with future mitral valve surgery. In multivariate analysis maximum PCWP and PCWL predicted future mitral valve surgery (HR 2.1 (1.44–3.10), P=0.005 and HR 1.31 (1.14–1.52), P&lt;0.001, respectively) whereas SPAP did not. Adding maximum PCWP &gt;25mmHg to a Cox regression model based on non-invasive guideline criteria resulted in a significant increase in the area under the curve (0.61 to 0.68, P=0.02). Conclusion In asymptomatic patients with severe primary mitral regurgitation and preserved left ventricular function invasive exercise hemodynamics improves information derived from current non-invasive guideline criteria. Figure 1 Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Abstract 18515: Forward Flow Ejection Fraction as a Major Determinant of Outcome in Organic Mitral Regurgitation

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlène Dupuis ◽  
Marie-Annick Clavel ◽  
Haïfa Mahjoub ◽  
Kim O’Connor ◽  
Mario Sénéchal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Global Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Mitral Valve Surgery ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Valve Surgery ◽  
Cardiac Events

Introduction: The optimal timing of mitral valve (MV) surgery in patients with organic mitral regurgitation (OMR) is controversial. The objective of this study was to determine independent predictors of cardiac events in patients with OMR and no triggers for mitral valve surgery. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that forward LV ejection fraction (LVEF) calculated by the Dumesnil’s method (i.e. stroke volume measured in LV outflow tract divided by left ventricular end diastolic volume) is superior to the LVEF measured by the biplane Simpson’s method. Methods: Two hundred seventy eight patients with OMR (i.e. severity grade ≥1/4) and Doppler echocardiography exam at least 6 months before MV surgery or death were included. Clinical and echocardiographic data of 278 patients with OMR were analyzed retrospectively. The study end-point was the composite of death or need for mitral valve surgery. Results: During a mean follow-up of 5.4 ± 3.2 years, there were 147 (53%) events: 96 (35%) mitral surgeries and 66 (24%) deaths. There was no difference in the Simpson LVEF (65 ± 6% vs 65 ± 4%; p=0.86) and global longitudinal strain (-21.18 ± 3.26 % vs -21.26 ± 2.44 %; p=0.86) between patients who had an event versus those who were event-free during follow-up. However, LVEF calculated by Dumesnil’s method at baseline was lower in the event-group (47 ± 15%vs 59 ± 15%; p<0.0001) compared to the non-event group. After adjustment for age, sex, Charlson’s probability, coronary artery disease, ACE inhibitors, β-blockers, diuretics, AF and MR grade, forward LVEF by Dumesnil’s method remained an independent predictor of the occurrence of cardiac events (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.09, 95% interval confidence: 1.02-1.17; p=0.01). Conclusion: This study shows that the forward LVEF calculated by the Dumesnil’s method is superior to the standard LVEF or to longitudinal strain to predict outcomes in OMR. These results could help to improve risk stratification of patients with OMR and thereby individualized the treatment’s strategy. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.

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