scholarly journals ON THE COMPONENTS OF SEGREGATION DISTORTION IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. II. DELETION MAPPING AND DOSAGE ANALYSIS OF THE SD LOCUS

Genetics ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-673
Author(s):  
John G Brittnacher ◽  
Barry Ganetzky
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Segregation Distortion ◽  
Complete Loss ◽  
Deletion Mapping ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Segregation Distorter ◽  
Sperm Dysfunction ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACT Segregation distorter (SD) chromosomes are preferentially transmitted to offspring from heterozygous SD/SD  + males owing to the induced dysfunction of the SD  +-bearing sperm. This phenomenon involves at least two major loci: the Sd locus whose presence is necessary for distortion to occur and the Rsp locus which acts as the site of Sd action. Several additional loci on SD chromosomes enhance distortion.—In a previous study deletions were used to map the Sd locus and to determine some of its properties. We have extended this analysis with the isolation and characterization of 14 new deletions in the Sd region. From our results we conclude (1) SD chromosomes contain a single Sd locus located in region 37D2-6 of the salivary gland chromosome map. Deletion of this locus in any of three SD chromosomes now studied results in complete loss of ability to distort a sensitive chromosome; (2) the reduced male fecundity observed in many homozygous SD or SDi/SDj combinations is due at least in part to the action of the Sd locus. The fecundity of these males can be substantially increased by deletion of one Sd locus. Thus, it is the presence of two doses of Sd rather than the absence of Sd  + that produces the lowered male fecundity in SD homozygotes; (3) Sd behaves as a neomorph, whereas Sd  +, if it exists at all, is amorphic with respect to segregation distortion; (4) these results support a model in which the Sd product is made in limiting amounts and the interaction of this product with the Rsp locus causes sperm dysfunction. The Sd product appears to act preferentially at Rsps (sensitive-Responder) but may also act at Rspi (insensitive-Responder).

scholarly journals ON THE COMPONENTS OF SEGREGATION DISTORTION IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-355
Author(s):  
Barry Ganetzky
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Segregation Distortion ◽  
Meiotic Drive ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Induced Mutations ◽  
Distorted Segregation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Segregation Distorter

ABSTRACT The segregation distorter (SD) complex is a naturally occurring meiotic drive system with the property that males heterozygous for an SD-bearing chromosome 2 and an SD  +-bearing homolog transmit the SD-bearing chromosome almost exclusively. This distorted segregation is the consequence of an induced dysfunction of those sperm that receive the SD  + homolog. From previous studies, two loci have been implicated in this phenomenon: the Sd locus which is required to produce distortion, and the Responder (Rsp) locus that is the site at which Sd acts. There are two allelic alternatives of Rsp—sensitive (Rspsens) and insensitive (Rspins); a chromosome carrying Rspins is not distorted by SD. In the present study, the function and location of each of these elements was examined by a genetic and cytological characterization of X-ray-induced mutations at each locus. The results indicate the following: (1) the Rsp locus is located in the proximal heterochromatin of 2R; (2) a deletion for the Rsp locus renders a chromosome insensitive to distortion; (3) the Sd locus is located to the left of pr(2-54.5), in the region from 37D2-D7 to 38A6-B2 of the salivary chromosome map; (4) an SD chromosome deleted for Sd loses its ability to distort; (5) there is another important component of the SD system, E(SD), in or near the proximal heterochromatin of 2L, that behaves as a strong enhancer of distortion. The results of these studies allow a reinterpretation of results from earlier analyses of the SD system and serve to limit the possible mechanisms to account for segregation distortion.

Isolation and characterization of novel tachykinins from the posterior salivary gland of the common octopus Octopus vulgaris

Peptides ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsuhiro Kanda ◽  
Eiko Iwakoshi-Ukena ◽  
Kyoko Takuwa-Kuroda ◽  
Hiroyuki Minakata
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Octopus Vulgaris ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Octopus

scholarly journals Comparative Studies on Antibacterial Efficacy of Natural & Artificial Honey on Isolated Pathogens from Burnt Wound Sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 269-275
Author(s):  
Vijaya Benerji G ◽  
Anantha Lakshmi Y ◽  
Shankar K ◽  
Punitha V C
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Wound Contamination ◽  
Nutrient Agar Medium ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Made In

The present study dealt with the Isolation and Characterization of a bacterial pathogen from a burnt wound sample. The burnt Wound contamination may be a major muddling previously, patients. Blazed wounds indicated essentially higher bacterial tallies compared for the normal wound. The burnt wound sample was inoculated using nutrient agar medium and medium and incubated at 37oC for 24 hrs. After incubation pure cultures of organisms were made in respective agar mediums. The pure culture of bacteria was identified and characterized as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These organisms are dangerous pathogens penetrating the wound, producing a lot of pain and exudates. The improvement of blazed wound contamination is not another wonder and is a progressing issue for numerous individuals. Open wounds serve by a passage course to sullying 28 with attacking microorganisms. Furthermore Postponed wound recuperating about contaminated smolder wounds; it will be connected with expanded discomfort, healing center sit tight and human services expenses. The introduce fill in on the honey demonstrated antibacterial movement against the blazed wound pathogenic microscopic organisms for example, such that escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus Furthermore Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It will meet the requirements of essential products required in humans, animals as well as in the pharmaceutical industry. The natural honey is more effective and safer than artificial honey and the antibiotics against the burnt wound pathogens.

Isolation and characterization of rat skeletal myoblast mutants resistant to lectins

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 2166-2171
Author(s):  
B Gilfix ◽  
J Rogers ◽  
B D Sanwal
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Germ Agglutinin ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Skeletal Myoblast ◽  
Skeletal Myoblasts ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Made In

Mutants resistant to the lethal action of the lectins phytohemagglutinin A (PHA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) have been made in a line of differentiating rat skeletal myoblasts. The WGA mutants are of two types, WGArII, resistant to low concentrations of the lectin, and WGArI, resistant to high concentrations of the lectin. WGArII and PHAr mutants are unable to differentiate, whereas WGArI mutants differentiate normally. WGArII mutants are not impaired in the binding of wheat germ agglutinin, but WGArI mutants bind the lectin only to the extent of about 50% of the wild-type values. All of the mutants are cross-resistant to lectins other than those used in their selection.

Regulation of Body Fluid Volume: The Atrial Natriuretic Factor

Physiology ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-5
Author(s):  
J Genest ◽  
C Marc
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Natriuretic Factor ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Natriuretic Factor ◽  
Body Fluid Volume ◽  
Made In ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

The discovery of the atrial natriuretic factor is a major breakthrough for our understanding of the regulation of body fluid volume. It plays a major role in vasorelaxation and in hypertensive and edematous states. The progress made in the last two years is a testimony to the powers of the new analytical techniques for isolation and characterization of peptides.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of rat skeletal myoblast mutants resistant to lectins.

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 2166-2171 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Gilfix ◽  
J Rogers ◽  
B D Sanwal
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Germ Agglutinin ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Skeletal Myoblast ◽  
Skeletal Myoblasts ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Made In

Mutants resistant to the lethal action of the lectins phytohemagglutinin A (PHA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) have been made in a line of differentiating rat skeletal myoblasts. The WGA mutants are of two types, WGArII, resistant to low concentrations of the lectin, and WGArI, resistant to high concentrations of the lectin. WGArII and PHAr mutants are unable to differentiate, whereas WGArI mutants differentiate normally. WGArII mutants are not impaired in the binding of wheat germ agglutinin, but WGArI mutants bind the lectin only to the extent of about 50% of the wild-type values. All of the mutants are cross-resistant to lectins other than those used in their selection.

scholarly journals Genetic Approaches to The Study of Oral Microflora: A Review

1990 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis L. Macrina ◽  
Mark T. Dertzbaugh ◽  
Madelon C. Halula ◽  
E. Regis Krah ◽  
Kevin R. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Gene Cloning ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Oral Streptococci ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Genetic Techniques ◽  
Gene Structure And Expression ◽  
Made In

As the study of oral microorganisms intensified almost 2 decades ago, the application of genetic techniques resulted in important contributions to the understanding of this clinically and ecologically important group of bacteria. The isolation and characterization of mutants of cariogenic streptococci helped to focus attention on traits that were important in colonization and virulence. Such classic genetic approaches gave way to molecular genetic techniques, including recombinant DNA methodology in the late 1970s. Gene cloning systems and methods to move DNA into cells have been developed for oral streptococci. Many streptococcal genes thought to be important in colonization and virulence have since been cloned and their nucleotide sequence determined. Mutant strains have been constructed using defective copies of cloned genes in order to create specific genetic lesions on the bacterial chromosome. By testing such mutants in animal models, a picture of the cellular and molecular basis of dental caries is beginning to emerge. These modem genetic methodologies also are being employed to develop novel and efficacious cell-free or whole cell vaccines against this infection. Genetic approaches and analyses are now being used to dissect microorganisms important in periodontal disease as well. Such systems should be able to exploit advances made in genetically manipulating related anaerobes, such as the intestinal Bacteroides. Gene cloning techniques in oral anaerobes, Actinomyces and Actinobacillus, are already beginning to pay dividends in helping understand gene structure and expression. Additional effort is needed to develop facile systems for genetic manipulation of these important groups of microorganisms.

FURTHER CHARACTERIZATION OF GENETIC ELEMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SEGREGATION DISTORTER PHENOMENON IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-688
Author(s):  
Cecil B Sharp ◽  
Arthur J Hilliker ◽  
David G Holm
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Segregation Distorter ◽  
Crossover Analysis ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACT Segregation Distorter, SD, associated with the second chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster, is known to cause sperm bearing the non-SD homologue to dysfunction in heterozygous males. In earlier studies, using different, independently derived, SD chromosomes, three major loci were identified as contributing to the distortion of segregation ratios in males. In this study the genetic components of the SD-5 chromosome have been the subjects of further investigation, and our findings offer the following information. Crossover analysis confirms the mapping of the Sd locus to a position distal to but closely linked with the genetic marker pr. Spontaneous and radiation-induced recombinational analyses and deficiency studies provide firm support to the notion that the Rsp(Responder) locus lies within the proximal heterochromatin of chromosome 2, between the genetic markers lt and rl and most likely in the heterochromatin of the right arm. The major focus of this study, however, has been on providing a better definition of the genetic properties of the Enhancer of SD [E(SD)]. Our findings place this locus within the region of the two most proximal essential genes in the heterochromatin of the left arm of chromosome 2. Moreover, our analysis reveals a probable association of the E(SD) locus with a meiotic drive independent of that caused by Sd.

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