scholarly journals Olfaction and Changes in Body Composition in a Large Cohort of Older U.S. Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 2434-2440
Author(s):  
Frank Purdy ◽  
Zhehui Luo ◽  
Joseph C Gardiner ◽  
Jayant M Pinto ◽  
Eric J Shiroma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Abstract Background Poor sense of smell in older adults may lead to weight loss, which may further contribute to various adverse health outcomes. However, empirical prospective evidence is lacking. We aimed to longitudinally assess whether poor olfaction is associated with changes in body composition among older adults. Methods A total of 2,390 participants from the Health ABC Study had their olfaction assessed using the Brief Smell Identification Test in 1999–2000. Based on the test score, olfaction was defined as poor (0–8), moderate (9–10), or good (11–12). Total body mass, lean mass, and fat mass were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry annually or biennially from 1999 to 2007. Results At baseline, compared to participants with good olfaction, those with poor olfaction weighed on average 1.67 kg less (95% CI: −2.92, −0.42) in total mass, 0.53 kg less (95% CI: −1.08, 0.02) in lean mass, and 1.14 kg less (95% CI: −1.96, −0.31) in fat mass. In longitudinal analyses, compared to participants with good olfaction, those with poor olfaction had a greater annual decline in both total mass (−234 g, 95% CI: −442, −26) and lean mass (−139 g, 95% CI: −236, −43). They also tended to have a greater annual loss of fat mass (−113 g, 95% CI: −285, 59), but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions Our results indicate poor olfaction is associated with lower body weight and greater weight loss in older adults. It is imperative for future studies to investigate potential underlying mechanisms and associated adverse health consequences.

scholarly journals Serum FSH Is Associated with BMD, Bone Marrow Adiposity and Body Composition in the AGES-Reykjavik Study of Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annegreet G Veldhuis-Vlug ◽  
Gina N Woods ◽  
Sigurdur Sigurdsson ◽  
Susan K Ewing ◽  
Phuong T Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
1H Mrs ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Marrow Adiposity

Abstract Context Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations increase during the perimenopausal transition and remain high post menopause. Loss of bone mineral density (BMD) and gain of bone marrow adiposity (BMA) and body fat mass also occur during this time. In mice, blocking the action of FSH increases bone mass and decreases fat mass. Objective To investigate the associations between endogenous FSH levels and BMD, BMA and body composition in older adults, independent of estradiol and testosterone levels. Design, setting and participants Older adults from the AGES-Reykjavik Study, an observational cohort study. Main outcome measures Areal BMD, total body fat, and lean mass were measured with DXA. Lumbar vertebral BMA was measured by 1H-MRS. Volumetric BMD and visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT, SAT) areas were measured with QCT. The least squares means procedure was used to determine sex-hormone adjusted associations between quartiles of serum FSH and BMD, BMA, and body composition. Results In women (N=238, mean age 81y), those in the highest FSH quartile, compared with the lowest quartile, had lower adjusted mean spine integral BMD (-8.6%), lower spine compressive strength index (-34.8%), higher BMA (+8.4%), lower weight (-8.4%), lower VAT (-17.6%), lower lean mass (-6.1%), and lower fat mass (-11.9%) (all P < 0.05). In men, FSH level was not associated with any outcome. Conclusions Older postmenopausal women with higher FSH levels have higher BMA, but lower BMD and lower fat and lean mass, independent of estradiol and testosterone levels. Longitudinal studies are needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms.

scholarly journals Effects of Resistance Exercise and Protein on Body Composition Following Weight Loss

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Wayne Westcott ◽  
Amanda Colligan ◽  
Kelly Lannutti ◽  
Rita La Rosa Loud ◽  
Samantha Vallier
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Meal Replacement ◽  
Waist Girth ◽  
Maintenance Program ◽  
Weight Loss Study

Background: Research indicates that weight loss programs are effective for reducing body weight temporarily, but weight maintenance studies have been almost uniformly unsuccessful in preventing weight regain. Methods: Subjects who completed a 6-month weight loss study were invited to continue with a weight maintenance program. The weight loss study examined the effects of exercise (20 min strength, 20 min aerobics, twice weekly) and nutrition (1,200 to 1,800 kcal·d−1, 2 daily meal replacement protein shakes) on body weight and body composition. Weight loss program completers experienced improvements (P < 0.05) in body weight, percent fat, fat mass, lean mass, waist girth, and hip girth. Subjects who participated in the weight maintenance program performed the same strength and aerobic exercise protocol, but discontinued caloric restriction and decreased daily meal replacement protein shakes from 2 to 1. Results: After 6 months on the weight maintenance program, participants experienced improvement (P < 0.05) in percent fat, fat mass, lean mass, waist girth, and hip girth, with no significant change in body weight. A subgroup of subjects who continued the weight maintenance program for an additional 3 months experienced additional improvement (P < 0.05) in percent fat, fat mass, lean mass, waist girth, and hip girth, with no significant change in body weight. Conclusion: These findings indicated that a postdiet weight maintenance program incorporating 2 weekly resistance and aerobic exercise sessions coupled with a daily meal replacement protein shake was effective for avoiding weight regain and for improving body composition, with concurrent fat mass decrease and lean mass increase.

Weight loss and exercise differentially affect insulin sensitivity, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength in older adults with obesity; a randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea M Brennan ◽  
Robert A Standley ◽  
Steven J Anthony ◽  
Kory E Grench ◽  
Nicole L Helbling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Intermuscular Adipose Tissue

Abstract Background Aging-related disease risk is exacerbated by obesity and physical inactivity. It is unclear how weight loss and increased activity improve risk in older adults. We aimed to determine the effects of diet-induced weight loss with and without exercise on insulin sensitivity, VO2peak, body composition, and physical function in older obese adults. Methods Physically inactive older (68.6 ± 4.5 years) obese (BMI 37.4 ± 4.9 kg/m 2) adults were randomized to: Health education control (HEC; n=25); Diet-induced weight loss (WL; n=31); or Weight loss and exercise (WLEX; n=28) for 6 months. Insulin sensitivity was measured by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, body composition by DXA and MRI, strength by isokinetic dynamometry, and VO2peak by graded exercise test. Results WLEX improved (p<0.05) peripheral insulin sensitivity (+75 ± 103%) vs. HEC (+12 ± 67%); WL (+36 ± 47%) vs. HEC did not reach statistical significance. WLEX increased VO2peak (+7 ± 12%) vs. WL (-2 ± 24%), and prevented reductions in strength and lean mass induced by WL (p<0.05). WLEX decreased abdominal adipose tissue (-16 ± 9%) vs. HEC (-3 ± 8%) and intermuscular adipose tissue (-15 ± 13 %) vs. both HEC (+9 ± 15%) and WL (+2 ± 11%) (p<0.01). Conclusions Exercise with weight loss improved insulin sensitivity and VO2peak, decreased ectopic fat, and preserved lean mass and strength. Weight loss alone decreased lean mass and strength. Older adults intending to lose weight should perform regular exercise to promote cardiometabolic and functional benefits, which may not occur with calorie restriction-induced weight loss alone.

scholarly journals Impact of a Higher (Dairy) Protein Weight Loss Intervention on Function and Body Composition in Obese Older Adults with Limited Functional Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 68-68
Author(s):  
Kathryn Porter Starr ◽  
Jamie Rincker ◽  
Stephan van Vliet ◽  
Dipa Patel ◽  
Shelley McDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Objectives The combination of obesity with age-related loss of muscle mass and strength creates a cumulative risk to function and the physical ability of older adults to sustain daily activities. The aim was to determine whether a higher protein intake can improve function and protect lean mass in older adults following a diet and exercise obesity intervention. Methods Obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) older (≥60 yrs) participants (female n = 50; male n = 15; 46% black) with functional limitations (Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score = 9.1 ± 1.4 out of 12) were randomized to an RDA-level protein weight loss regimen (0.8 g/kg bw/d; Control; n = 33) or a higher protein arm (1.2 g/kg bw/d, with ≥30 g high quality protein (predominantly dairy) at each meal; Protein; n = 32). Both groups followed a hypo-caloric diet and participated in 2 supervised low-intensity chair exercise sessions per wk and 1 session/wk at home. Measurements at baseline, 3 and 6 months included body weight, SPPB, 6-minute walk time, 8-foot up and go test, and body composition (BODPOD). Results Mean baseline characteristics were BMI 35.0 ± 4.9 kg/m2 and age = 69.5 ± 6.2 yrs. At 6 months, weight loss and body fat reduction were significant (P < 0.001) in both Control (7.0% weight) and Protein (6.6% weight) with no group difference. The slight (<−1 kg) change in lean mass was not different between groups. At 3 and 6 months, SPPB scores significantly increased in both groups (P < 0.01) with no difference between groups. However, at 3 months, the Protein group had significantly greater improvements in distance walked in 6 minutes (Protein = 48.3 ± 71.7 m; Control = 3.4 ± 69.3 m; P = 0.01) and timed 8-foot up and go (Protein = −0.9 ± 1.0 s; Control = −0.3 ± 1.2 s; P = 0.04) compared to control; no difference between groups for either test at 6 months. Conclusions We found that a hypocaloric balanced, higher protein diet (predominantly low-fat dairy) improved distance walked in 6 minutes and 8-foot up and go times at the 3 month time point; this group difference was absent at 6 months, when the improvements in these tests, as well as SPPB were equal between groups. Further study is needed to assess the potential that higher protein intake accelerates function responses to a diet plus exercise intervention for obese older adults. Funding Sources The National Dairy Council and US Department of Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research and Development Program.

scholarly journals Association of Breathing Reserve at Peak Exercise With Body Composition and Physical Function in Older Adults With Obesity

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 1973-1979
Author(s):  
Maria Theresa D Opina ◽  
Tina E Brinkley ◽  
Michelle Gordon ◽  
Mary F Lyles ◽  
Barbara J Nicklas
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Exercise Intolerance ◽  
Peak Exercise ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Ventilatory Limitation

Abstract Background Adiposity-related ventilatory constraints in older adults can potentially contribute to greater risk of exercise intolerance and mobility disability. This study investigated whether ventilatory limitation, measured by breathing reserve (BR) at peak exercise, is associated with body composition and physical function in older adults with obesity. Methods This study was a cross-sectional analysis of data from a community-based cohort (N = 177) of older men and women (65–79 years) with obesity (body mass index = 30–45 kg/m2). All participants underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a treadmill, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for body composition, and physical function assessments. We examined relationships between BR and body composition and physical function using multiple linear regression and compared a subset with (BR ≤ 30%; BR-low; n = 56) and without (BR ≥ 45%; BR-high, n = 48) ventilatory limitation using unpaired Student’s t test and analysis of covariance. Results BR was inversely related to total body mass, lean mass, fat mass, % body fat, and waist circumference (p < 0.05 for all). BR was positively related to 400 m walk time (p = .006) and inversely related to usual gait speed (p = .05) and VO2peak (p < .0001), indicative of worse physical function. BR-low had greater adiposity, but also greater lean mass, higher VO2peak, and faster 400 m walk time, compared to BR-high (p < .05, for all). Conclusions Older adults with obesity who also have ventilatory limitation have overall higher measures of adiposity, but do not have lower peak exercise capacity or physical function. Thus, ventilatory limitation does not appear to be a contributing factor to obesity-related decrements in exercise tolerance or mobility.

scholarly journals Weight Loss after 12 Weeks of Exercise and/or Nutritional Guidance Is Not Obligatory for Induced Changes in Local Fat/Lean Mass Indexes in Adults with Excess of Adiposity

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2231
Author(s):  
Robinson Ramírez-Vélez ◽  
Mikel Izquierdo ◽  
Karem Castro-Astudillo ◽  
Carolina Medrano-Mena ◽  
Angela Liliana Monroy-Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Combined Training ◽  
Nutritional Guidance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Induced Changes

The objectives of this secondary analysis are (1) to investigate the differential effects of exercise training modalities–high-intensity interval training (HIIT), resistance training (RT), combined training (CT = HIIT + RT), and/or nutritional guidance (NG) alone–on local fat/lean mass indexes in adults with excess of adiposity; (2) to identify the individual patterns of response based on either a clinical criterion of weight loss (≥5%) and/or technical error (TE) of measurement of local fat/lean mass indexes; and (3) to assess the individual change for body composition parameters assigned either to HIIT, RT, CT, and/or NG groups utilizing a TE. A 12-week trial was conducted in 55 participants randomized to one of the four interventions. The primary outcome was clinical change in body weight (i.e., weight loss of ≥5%). Secondary outcomes included change in ratio of android and gynoid fat mass, as well as local fat and lean mass indexes (arms, trunk, and legs), before and after intervention. The main findings from the current analysis revealed that (i) after 12 weeks of follow-up, significant decreases in several body composition indexes were found including body weight, arm, trunk, and legs fat mass, and android and gynecoid fat mass were observed in HIIT, RT, and CT groups (p < 0.05); (ii) a significant proportion of individuals showed a positive response following 12 weeks of training, led by the HIIT group with 44% and followed by RT with 39% in 9 indexes; (iii) the HIIT group showed lowest rates of adverse responders with (6%); and (iv) the individual patterns of response utilizing clinically meaningful weight loss were not necessarily associated with the corresponding individual training-induced changes in body composition indexes in adults with excess of adiposity. Overall, the study suggests that HIIT has an important ability to reduce the prevalence of non-response to improve body composition indexes.

scholarly journals Intranasal Oxytocin Improves Lean Muscle Mass in Older Adults With Sarcopenic Obesity: A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 133-133
Author(s):  
Jessica Lee ◽  
Sara Espinoza ◽  
Adetutu Odejimi ◽  
Chen-pin Wang ◽  
Vinutha Ganapathy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Lean Muscle Mass

Abstract Obese older adults often have sarcopenia with increased functional impairments. Unfortunately, conventional weight loss treatments can lead to further muscle mass loss. Increasing evidence from animal studies suggests that the pituitary hormone oxytocin has trophic effects on skeletal muscle cells and can induce weight loss. We piloted a clinical trial testing whether intranasal oxytocin would decrease adiposity without lowering muscle mass in older adults with sarcopenic obesity. Twenty-one older (≥60years), obese (30-43kg/m2), sedentary (&lt;2 strenuous exercises/week) adults with slow gait speed (&lt;1m/sec) were randomized to intra-nasal oxytocin (24IU four times/day) or placebo for 8 weeks. Pre and post body mass index (BMI), 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), short physical performance battery (SPPB), and whole body lean and fat mass (via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) were assessed. Generalized estimation equation method was used to evaluate effects of oxytocin on these continuous measures. At baseline, results were: age 67.5±5.4years, 71% female, BMI 36.0±3.6kg/m2, HbA1c 5.7±0.4%, 2-hr OGTT glucose 140.8±4.1mg/dL, SPPB 9.2±1.9, fat mass 45,429±7,037g, and lean mass was 49,892±10,470g. From baseline to follow-up, total lean mass increased significantly (2,250g) in the oxytocin group (pre- vs. post-treatment difference of -690g in placebo and +1,559g in oxytocin, p&lt;0.01). Oxytocin did not lead to significant changes in other measures. This data suggests that oxytocin leads to significant improvement in whole body lean mass. Future studies in a larger study population will help determine whether older adults with sarcopenic obesity may benefit from intranasal oxytocin to improve lean muscle mass and physical function.

scholarly journals Relative Strength, but Not Absolute Muscle Strength, Is Higher in Exercising Compared to Non-Exercising Older Women

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio de Lira ◽  
Valentine Vargas ◽  
Wallace Silva ◽  
André Bachi ◽  
Rodrigo Vancini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Mass Percentage ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Knee Strength ◽  
Total Body

Exercise has been suggested for older adults. However, there is no consensus whether exercising older adults present better strength levels and body composition indexes compared with inactive counterparts. Our aim was to compare absolute and relative isokinetic muscular knee strength and body composition between exercising and non-exercising older women. Exercising (n = 20) and non-exercising (n = 21) groups were evaluated for body mass index (BMI), body composition, and isokinetic muscular knee strength. BMI (p = 0.005), total body mass (p = 0.01), fat mass (p = 0.01), and fat mass percentage (p = 0.01) were higher in non-exercising women, and the lean mass percentage was lower in the non-exercising group (p = 0.01). Isokinetic extensor and flexor knee muscle strength for dominant limbs presented higher peak torque values when corrected for total body mass (Nm·kg−1) in the exercising group (p < 0.05). Exercising older women presented better body composition and higher strength relative to total body mass, but not maximum absolute strength.

scholarly journals Short-Term, Combined Fasting and Exercise Improves Body Composition in Healthy Males

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 386-395
Author(s):  
Giuseppe delli Paoli ◽  
Denise van de Laarschot ◽  
Edith C.H. Friesema ◽  
Remco Verkaik ◽  
Antonia Giacco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Total Body

Fasting enhances the beneficial metabolic outcomes of exercise; however, it is unknown whether body composition is favorably modified on the short term. A baseline–follow-up study was carried out to assess the effect of an established protocol involving short-term combined exercise with fasting on body composition. One hundred seven recreationally exercising males underwent a 10-day intervention across 15 fitness centers in the Netherlands involving a 3-day gradual decrease of food intake, a 3-day period with extremely low caloric intake, and a gradual 4-day increase to initial caloric intake, with daily 30-min submaximal cycling. Using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry analysis, all subjects substantially lost total body mass (−3.9 ± 1.9 kg; p < .001) and fat mass (−3.3 ± 1.3 kg; p < .001). Average lean mass was lost (−0.6 ± 1.5 kg; p < .001), but lean mass as a percentage of total body mass was not reduced. The authors observed a loss of −3.9 ± 1.9% android fat over total fat mass (p < .001), a loss of −2.2 ± 1.9% gynoid over total fat mass (p < .001), and reduced android/gynoid ratios (−0.05 ± 0.1; p < .001). Analyzing 15 preselected single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 13 metabolism-related genes revealed trending associations for thyroid state–related single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs225014 (deiodinase 2) and rs35767 (insulin-like growth factor1), and rs1053049 (PPARD). In conclusion, a short period of combined fasting and exercise leads to a substantial loss of body and fat mass without a loss of lean mass as a percentage of total mass.

scholarly journals Impact of Semaglutide on Body Composition in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: Exploratory Analysis of the STEP 1 Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A16-A17
Author(s):  
John P H Wilding ◽  
Rachel L Batterham ◽  
Salvatore Calanna ◽  
Luc F Van Gaal ◽  
Barbara M McGowan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Total Lean Body Mass ◽  
Mass Proportion ◽  
Total Fat

Abstract Background: Central obesity is associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic disease. Weight loss reduces lean muscle mass, potentially impacting resting energy expenditure and/or physical functioning. This analysis of the STEP 1 trial evaluated the impact of subcutaneous (s.c.) semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue, on body composition in adults with overweight/obesity using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Methods: In STEP 1, 1961 adults aged ≥18 years with body mass index (BMI) ≥27 kg/m2 with ≥1 weight-related comorbidity or BMI ≥30 kg/m2, without diabetes, were randomized to s.c. semaglutide 2.4 mg once-weekly or matched placebo (2:1) for 68 weeks, plus lifestyle intervention. Participants with BMI ≤40 kg/m2 from 9 sites were eligible for the substudy. Total fat mass, total lean body mass and regional visceral fat mass were measured using DEXA at screening and week 68; visceral fat mass was calculated in the L4 region (both males/females), android region (males), or gynoid region (females), depending on site scanner methodology. Proportions of total fat and lean body mass are shown relative to total body mass; proportion of visceral fat mass is expressed relative to region assessed. Results: This analysis included 140 participants (semaglutide n=95; placebo n=45) (mean weight 98.4 kg, BMI 34.8 kg/m2; 76% female). Baseline body composition was similar in those receiving semaglutide and placebo (total fat mass proportion: 43.4% vs 44.6%; regional visceral fat mass proportion: 33.8% vs 36.3%; total lean body mass proportion: 53.9% vs 52.7%; respectively). Percentage change in body weight from baseline to week 68 was -15.0% with semaglutide vs -3.6% with placebo. This resulted in reductions from baseline with semaglutide in total fat mass (-19.3%) and regional visceral fat mass (-27.4%), leading to 3.5%-point and 2.0%-point reductions in the proportions of total fat mass and visceral fat mass, respectively. Total lean body mass decreased from baseline (-9.7%); however, the proportion relative to total body mass increased by 3.0%-points. An increasing improvement in lean body mass:fat mass ratio was seen with semaglutide with increasing weight loss from baseline to week 68 (continuous data). Overall, the ratio increased from baseline (1.34 [95% CI: 1.22, 1.47]) to week 68 by 0.23 [0.14, 0.32], with greater improvement in those with ≥15% weight loss (n=44; 0.41 [0.28, 0.53]) vs &lt;15% weight loss (n=39; 0.03 [-0.05, 0.12]) (observed, dichotomized data; no imputation for missing data). There were no major changes in body composition with placebo from baseline to week 68. Conclusion: In adults with overweight/obesity, semaglutide 2.4 mg was associated with reduced total fat mass and regional visceral fat mass, and an increased proportion of lean body mass. Greater weight loss was associated with greater improvement in body composition (lean body mass:fat mass ratio).

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