scholarly journals Neighborhood Disadvantage, Cognition, and Health Self-Efficacy of Older Adults in a Clinical Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 483-484
Author(s):  
Kristen Berg ◽  
Nikolas I Krieger ◽  
Douglas Einstadter ◽  
Lorella Shamakian ◽  
Jarrod Dalton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Neighborhood Environment ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Area Deprivation ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Disadvantaged Neighborhoods

Abstract The Medicare Annual Wellness Visit (MWV) includes an assessment of health risks for older adults in the United States. Research suggests that neighborhood-level social inequality influences multiple health outcomes. We sought to examine the association between neighborhood socioeconomic position and older adults’ cognition, health management self-efficacy, and other health risks. We identified a cohort of 12,434 adults aged 65 and over from the NEOCARE Learning Health Registry who attended a routine MWV between 2011 and 2019. NEOCARE includes electronic health record and neighborhood data from 1999-2017 on over 3 million unique Northeast Ohio individuals. The study population was 60% White, 32% Black or African American, 64% female, and 90% non-Hispanic. Over 60% were ages 65-74, 29% 75-84, and 10% 85 years or older (range from 65 to 101). We used ANOVA and chi square tests to examine variation in health risks by quintile of census tract area deprivation index. Cognitive functioning differed across quintiles of area deprivation and Bonferroni-corrected tests indicated that adults in the most socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods had lower average cognitive screening scores as compared to older adults in less disadvantaged areas (F=53.50, df=4, n=12,204, p<.001). The proportion of adults feeling efficacious in managing their health differed according to area deprivation, with adults in more disadvantaged neighborhoods having slightly lower self-efficacy, (x2=11.01, df=8, n=11,937, p<.001). Better understanding of the relationship between cognitive functioning and health self-efficacy and neighborhood environment is critical for designing programmatic and policy interventions aimed at supporting proactive aging in older adulthood.

scholarly journals Neighborhood Socioeconomic Position and Social Support in a Clinical Population of Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 397-397
Author(s):  
Kristen Berg ◽  
Adam Perzynski ◽  
Nikolas I Krieger ◽  
Douglas Einstadter ◽  
Jarrod Dalton
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Area Deprivation ◽  
Neighborhood Conditions ◽  
Disadvantaged Neighborhoods

Abstract Models of successful aging underscore the critical role of external social resources in older adults’ health and well-being. Neighborhood socioeconomic position is known to influence health, but little is known about the linkages between neighborhood conditions, social relationships and health among older adults. We identified a cohort of 12,434 adults (aged 65+) who attended a Medicare Annual Wellness Visit from the NEOCARE Learning Health Registry. NEOCARE includes electronic health record (EHR) and neighborhood data from 1999-2017 on over 3 million unique Northeast Ohio individuals. The study population was 60% White, 32% Black or African American, 64% female, and 90% non-Hispanic. Over 60% were ages 65-74, 29% 75-84, and 10% 85 years or older (range from 65 to 101). We used ANOVA and chi square tests to examine variation in social support by quintile of the census tract area deprivation index. Compared to those in less disadvantaged neighborhoods, older adults in more disadvantaged neighborhoods were more likely to report needing help with care needs (Bonferroni-corrected x2=95.21, df=4, n=8,967, p<.001) but were less likely to report having help at home (x2=85.72, 4, n=12,354, p<.001). Similarly, adults in more disadvantaged neighborhoods reported less help available to them compared to those in more advantaged communities (F=39.31, df=4, n=12,099, p<.001). Furthermore, older adults living in more disadvantaged neighborhoods experienced significantly less functional independence (F=3.68, df=4 , n=8,571, p<.01). Our results suggest that the pathway from neighborhood socioeconomic conditions to successful aging includes perceived social needs and social support.

scholarly journals Acceptability and Results of Dementia Screening Among Older Adults in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Harrawood ◽  
Nicole R. Fowler ◽  
Anthony J. Perkins ◽  
Michael A. LaMantia ◽  
Malaz A. Boustani
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Screening ◽  
Positive Screen ◽  
Dementia Screening ◽  
Primary Care Patients

Objectives: To measure older adults acceptability of dementia screening and assess screening test results of a racially diverse sample of older primary care patients in the United States. Design: Cross-sectional study of primary care patients aged 65 and older. Setting: Urban and suburban primary care clinics in Indianapolis, Indiana, in 2008 to 2009. Participants: Nine hundred fifty-four primary care patients without a documented diagnosis of dementia. Measurements: Community Screening Instrument for Dementia, the Mini-Mental State Examination, and the Telephone Instrument for Cognitive Screening. Results: Of the 954 study participants who consented to participate, 748 agreed to be screened for dementia and 206 refused screening. The overall response rate was 78.4%. The positive screen rate of the sample who agreed to screening was 10.2%. After adjusting for demographic differences the following characteristics were still associated with increased likelihood of screening positive for dementia: age, male sex, and lower education. Patients who believed that they had more memory problems than other people of their age were also more likely to screen positive for dementia. Conclusion: Age and perceived problems with memory are associated with screening positive for dementia in primary care.

scholarly journals Loneliness and Changes in Cognitive Functioning Among Racially Diverse Older Adults in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 588-589
Author(s):  
Kelly Pacheco ◽  
Charles Henderson ◽  
M Cary Reid ◽  
Elaine Wethington ◽  
David Camacho
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Minority Stress ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Racially Diverse

Abstract Longitudinal studies examining the association of loneliness with cognitive decline rarely include older members of racial minorities. Guided by a Minority Stress Framework, we used Waves 2 and 3 from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project to assess whether loneliness (UCLA-3-items) at W2 predicts cognitive decline (Chicago Cognitive Functioning Measure) among US African-American, Latino, and white older adults (ages≥60). We included interactions of W2 loneliness with race in examining changes in cognitive functioning. Estimates were (N=1,950) adjusted for demographics, chronic disease, depression, and social connectedness. In all groups, loneliness was positively associated with greater global cognitive decline over the 5-year interval. However, analyses of different domains of cognitive functioning (e.g., executive functioning, memory) suggested that this association differs by cognitive domain and race. Future research on interventions to prevent cognitive decline should consider targeting loneliness, include diverse older adults, and examine global and specific domains of cognitive functioning.

scholarly journals The effect of area deprivation on COVID-19 risk in Louisiana

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243028
Author(s):  
Madhav K. C. ◽  
Evrim Oral ◽  
Susanne Straif-Bourgeois ◽  
Ariane L. Rung ◽  
Edward S. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Census Tract ◽  
The United States ◽  
Neighborhood Environment ◽  
Deprivation Index ◽  
Area Deprivation ◽  
Neighborhood Deprivation ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
High Deprivation ◽  
Case Count ◽  
Deprived Neighborhoods

Background Louisiana in the summer of 2020 had the highest per capita case count for COVID-19 in the United States and COVID-19 deaths disproportionately affects the African American population. Neighborhood deprivation has been observed to be associated with poorer health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between neighborhood deprivation and COVID-19 in Louisiana. Methods The Area Deprivation Index (ADI) was calculated and used to classify neighborhood deprivation at the census tract level. A total of 17 US census variables were used to calculate the ADI for each of the 1148 census tracts in Louisiana. The data were extracted from the American Community Survey (ACS) 2018. The neighborhoods were categorized into quintiles as well as low and high deprivation. The publicly available COVID-19 cumulative case counts by census tract were obtained from the Louisiana Department of Health website on July 31, 2020. Descriptive and Poisson regression analyses were performed. Results Neighborhoods in Louisiana were substantially different with respect to deprivation. The ADI ranged from 136.00 for the most deprived neighborhood and –33.87 in the least deprived neighborhood. We observed that individuals residing in the most deprived neighborhoods had almost a 40% higher risk of COVID-19 compared to those residing in the least deprived neighborhoods. Conclusion While the majority of previous studies were focused on very limited socio-environmental factors such as crowding and income, this study used a composite area-based deprivation index to examine the role of neighborhood environment on COVID-19. We observed a positive relationship between neighborhood deprivation and COVID-19 risk in Louisiana. The study findings can be utilized to promote public health preventions measures besides social distancing, wearing a mask while in public and frequent handwashing in vulnerable neighborhoods with greater deprivation.

scholarly journals Perceived Everyday Age Discrimination and Depressive Symptoms:The Moderating Effect of Social Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 872-872
Author(s):  
Min Kyoung Park ◽  
Christine Mair
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Age Discrimination ◽  
Neighborhood Environment ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us

Abstract Approximately 30% of men and women in the United States have experienced age discrimination (Rippon, Zaninotto, & Steptoe, 2015). Experiencing age discrimination may lead to increased risk of depressive symptoms among older adults. Although positive social environments are known to buffer depressive symptoms, it is unknown to what extent a positive social environment may buffer the association between age discrimination and depressive symptoms for older adults in the US. The purpose of this study is to examine the association between perceived age discrimination and depressive symptoms among older adults, and to explore whether this association varies by two aspects of the social environment: social support and neighborhood environment. We explore this topic with data on 5,439 adults aged 50 and older in a sample drawn from the Psychosocial Module of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS, 2016 wave). Our results show a clear association between age discrimination and increased risk of depressive symptoms, net of a range of covariates. Older adults who receive more positive social support and rate their neighborhood environment more positively also report lower depressive symptoms. Finally, we find statistically significant interactions between age discrimination and both measures of the social environment, which suggest that social support and a positive neighborhood environment may buffer the negative impact of age discrimination on depressive symptoms. We discuss these findings in light of the prevalence of age discrimination in the US and cross-nationally, and consider potential mechanisms for improving the social environment of older adults, particularly in the post-COVID era.

Development of a Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Language Self-Efficacy Scale for Social Service Providers Working With Older Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 555-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison R. Warren ◽  
Ann M. Steffen
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Measurement Development ◽  
Gender Nonconforming ◽  
And Gender

There is consensus that providers who work with transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) older adults should use the language preferred by the older adult; however, assessment tools to document professional training efforts are lacking. This study presents data on a new TGNC Language Self-Efficacy Scale, using responses collected from employees and volunteers of area agencies on aging (AAA) across the United States ( N = 155). Exploratory factor analysis supports a two-factor model: Interactions and Information subscales significantly correlated with knowledge of TGNC terminology, genderism and transphobia, gender role beliefs, beliefs about gender and gender identity, and attitudes toward lesbians and gay men. Future directions include additional measurement development work and replication of these findings outside of AAAs.

scholarly journals Residential Environment, Depressive Symptoms, and Anxiety Symptoms Among Community-Living Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 623-623
Author(s):  
Ethan Siu Leung Cheung ◽  
Jinyu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Physical Capacity ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Neighborhood Environment ◽  
Community Living ◽  
Residential Environments

Abstract Past literature has suggested significant relationships between neighborhood environment and mental health of older adults. However, the effect of residential environments is underexplored. The present study aims to study: (Q1) how residential built environments are associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms among community-living older adults, and (Q2) whether the associations of their physical and cognitive health status with mental health vary by residential environments. We analyzed data from Round 9 of National Health and Aging Trends Study. Residential environments were indicated by home despair, cluttered home, and existence of entrance ramp. Covariates included age, gender, race, living arrangement, ADL limitations, physical capacity, and cognitive status. The logistic regression results show that higher levels of clutter at home and the lack of entrance ramp were significantly associated with more depressive symptoms and that levels of clutter were positively associated with anxiety symptoms. Residential environments significantly moderated the association between physical health and mental health. With similar physical capacity, older adults with higher levels of home despair and clutter had more depressive and anxiety symptoms. Older adults who had more cluttered home reported significantly higher levels of anxiety than those who had similar ADL limitations, but lived in a less cluttered housing environment. However, we didn’t find any moderating effect of residential environments on cognitive impairment and mental health. Our findings promote the necessity for practitioners and policymakers to consider the effect of residential environments on mental health among both physically healthy and impaired older adults in the United States.

scholarly journals Self-Efficacy and Participation in Physical and Social Activity Among Older Adults in Spain and the United States

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Perkins ◽  
Kristi S. Multhaup ◽  
H. Wesley Perkins ◽  
Cole Barton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
The United States

The Role of Polygenic Score and Cognitive Activity in Cognitive Functioning Among Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Hyun Shin ◽  
Soohyun Park ◽  
Cheryl Wright ◽  
Valerie Anne D’astous ◽  
Giyeon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Polygenic Score ◽  
Crystallized Intelligence ◽  
Cognitive Activities

Abstract Background and Objectives This study explored whether the intensity of cognitive activities could moderate the relationship between a genetic predisposition for developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and cognitive functioning among older adults in the United States. Furthermore, we examined whether the same moderating effects were dependent on different measures of cognition. Research Design and Methods We used a data set from the 2000–2014 waves of the Health and Retirement Study and the Consumption and Activities Mail Survey. Our sample included 3,793 individuals aged 50 or older. We used the polygenic score (PGS) for AD as a genetic trait for cognitive functioning. Reading, listening to music, using a computer, playing cards/games/solving puzzles, singing/playing musical instruments, and creating art and crafts were included as cognitive activities, and TV viewing as passive activities. We used total cognition, fluid intelligence, and crystallized intelligence as proxies for cognitive functioning. Growth-curve models were conducted. Results After controlling for covariates, we found that reading books, using a computer, and playing cards/games/solving puzzles had a positive effect on cognitive functioning. An additional hour spent reading books moderated the negative effect of AD PGS on cognition. The measure of fluid, when compared with crystallized intelligence, appeared to drive these results. Discussion and Implications Reading could be a protective factor against cognitive decline among older adults who are genetically predisposed to developing AD. Implications for individuals, caregivers, clinicians, and policymakers are suggested. Furthermore, the onset of AD in those at greater genetic risk may be delayed with this intervention.

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