scholarly journals THE IMPORTANCE OF MAINTAINING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY FOR TRANSITIONS BETWEEN COGNITIVE STATES: A COORDINATED ANALYSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S911-S911
Author(s):  
Tomiko Yoneda ◽  
Jonathan Rush ◽  
Nathan A Lewis ◽  
Jamie E Knight ◽  
Jinshil Hyun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Total N ◽  
Older Adulthood ◽  
Cognitive States ◽  
Total Life Expectancy ◽  
State Models ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Although existing research shows that physical activity (PA) protects against cognitive decline, it is unclear if maintenance of PA throughout older adulthood influences the timing of onset or transitions through cognitive states. Further understanding of modifiable lifestyle factors that protect against cognitive changes characteristic of both normal aging and pathological aging, such as Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, is imperative. Data were drawn from fourteen longitudinal studies of aging from Europe and America (total N=53,069). Controlling for demographics and chronic conditions, multi-state models were independently fit between datasets to investigate the impact of PA (computed based on Metabolic Equivalent of Task Method) on the likelihood of transitioning through three cognitive states, while also accounting for death as a competing risk factor. Random effects meta-analysis of transition probabilities indicated that more PA was associated with a reduced risk of transitioning from normal cognition to mildly impaired cognition (HR=0.90, CI’s=0.84, 0.97, p=0.007) and death (HR=0.24, CI’s=0.06, 0.92, p=0.04), as well as an increased likelihood of transitioning from severe impairment back to mild impairment (HR=1.09, CI’s=1.01, 1.17, p=0.03). Engagement in national minimum recommendations for PA (~150 minutes/week) increased total life expectancy for 70 year old males and females by 4.08 and 5.47 years, respectively. These results suggest that engaging in at least 150 minutes of physical activity per week in older adulthood contributes to delays in onset of mild cognitive impairment, substantially increases life expectancy, and may also diminish the symptoms that contribute to poor cognitive performance at the severely impaired stage.

scholarly journals The Importance of Engaging in Physical Activity in Older Adulthood for Transitions Between Cognitive Status Categories and Death: A Coordinated Analysis of 14 Longitudinal Studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomiko Yoneda ◽  
Nathan A Lewis ◽  
Jamie E Knight ◽  
Jonathan Rush ◽  
Rebecca Vendittelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Older Adulthood ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Given increasing incidence of cognitive impairment and dementia, further understanding of modifiable factors contributing to increased healthspan is crucial. Extensive literature provides evidence that physical activity (PA) delays the onset of cognitive impairment; however, it is unclear whether engaging in PA in older adulthood is sufficient to influence progression through cognitive status categories. Method Applying a coordinated analysis approach, this project independently analyzed 14 longitudinal studies (NTotal = 52 039; mean baseline age across studies = 69.9–81.73) from North America and Europe using multistate survival models to estimate the impact of engaging in PA on cognitive status transitions (nonimpaired, mildly impaired, severely impaired) and death. Multinomial regression models were fit to estimate life expectancy (LE) based on American PA recommendations. Meta-analyses provided the pooled effect sizes for the role of PA on each transition and estimated LEs. Results Controlling for baseline age, sex, education, and chronic conditions, analyses revealed that more PA is significantly associated with decreased risk of transitioning from nonimpaired to mildly impaired cognitive functioning and death, as well as substantially longer LE. Results also provided evidence for a protective effect of PA after onset of cognitive impairment (eg, decreased risk of transitioning from mild-to-severe cognitive impairment; increased likelihood of transitioning backward from severe-to-mild cognitive impairment), though between-study heterogeneity suggests a less robust association. Conclusions These results yield evidence for the importance of engaging in PA in older adulthood for cognitive health, and a rationale for motivating older adults to engage consistently in PA.

Physical activity diminishes aging-related decline of physical and cognitive performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (21) ◽  
pp. 817-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Apor ◽  
László Babai
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Muscle Force ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
The Impact

Aging-related decline of muscle force, walking speed, locomotor coordination, aerobic capacity and endurance exert prognostic impact on life expectancy. Proper use of training may diminish the aging process and it may improve the quality of life of elderly persons. This paper provides a brief summary on the impact of training on aging-related decline of physical and cognitive functions. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(21), 817–821.

P3414Differences in total life expectancy and life expectancy with and without non-communicable diseases within the reference range of thyroid function

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Bano ◽  
L Chaker ◽  
F U S Mattace-Raso ◽  
R P Peeters ◽  
O H Franco
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Normal Thyroid Function ◽  
Total Life Expectancy ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Variations in thyroid function within the reference ranges are associated with an increased risk of diseases and death. However, the impact of thyroid function on life expectancy (LE) and the number of years lived with and without non-communicable diseases (NCD) remains unknown. Purpose We aimed to investigate the association of thyroid function with total LE and LE with and without NCD among euthyroid subjects. Methods Participants of the Rotterdam Study without known thyroid disease and with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels within the reference ranges were eligible. NCD were defined as the presence of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus type 2, or cancer. We used multistate life tables to calculate the total LE and LE with and without NCD among TSH and FT4 tertiles, in men and women. LE estimates were obtained using prevalence, incidence rates and hazard ratios for three transitions (healthy to NCD, healthy to death and NCD to death). Analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic and cardiovascular risk factors. Results The mean (standard deviation) age of 7644 participants was 64.5 (9.7) years and 52.2% were women. Over a median follow-up of 8 years, we observed 1396 incident NCD events and 1422 deaths. Compared with those in the lowest tertile, men and women in the highest TSH tertile lived 1.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8; 2.3) and 1.5 (95% CI, 0.8; 2.2) years longer, respectively; of which 1.4 (95% CI, 0.5; 2.3) and 1.3 (95% CI, 0.3; 2.1) years with NCD. Compared with those in the lowest tertile, the difference in LE for men and women in the highest FT4 tertile was −3.7 (95% CI, −5.1 to −2.2) and −3.3 (95% CI, −4.7; −1.9), respectively; of which −1.8 (95% CI, −3.1 to −0.7) and −2.0 (95% CI, −3.4 to −0.7) years without NCD. Life expectancy in TSH and FT4 tertiles Conclusions There are meaningful differences in total LE, LE with and without NCD within the reference ranges of thyroid function. People with low-normal thyroid function live more years with and without NCD than those with high-normal thyroid function. These findings support a reevaluation of the current reference ranges of thyroid function.

scholarly journals Changing Impact of Obesity on Active Life Expectancy of Older Americans

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 1944-1951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan S Zhang ◽  
Yasuhiko Saito ◽  
Eileen M Crimmins
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Severe Obesity ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Active Life Expectancy ◽  
Health States ◽  
Active Life ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The rise in the number and earlier age of onset of obese persons has raised critical concerns about consequences of obesity; however, recent evidence suggests that the impact of obesity on health outcomes may have changed. This study aims to assess the change of the impact of obesity on active life expectancy among Americans aged 70 years and older over almost two decades, 1993–1998 to 2010–2014. Methods For each period, we use three waves of data from the Health and Retirement Study to estimate age-specific transition probabilities between health states. The average number of years active and disabled is calculated with Interpolated Markov Chain software based on estimated transition probabilities. Results Overall obesity and severe obesity increased markedly over time yet active life expectancy expanded for all individuals and the increases are greater among the obese and women. Increases in total and active life expectancy occurred because of the changing association of obesity with disability and mortality. Conclusions Individuals at age 70 years in the later period in each weight group could expect to live a smaller proportion of remaining life with activities of daily living disability than those in the earlier period. High levels of obesity continue to have significant adverse effects on the quality of life. The increasing prevalence of severe obesity and the growing number of older persons may result in substantial additional health care needs and costs. Continued effort to improve cardiovascular health is required to control the burden of obesity in later life in an era of rising obesity.

scholarly journals Healthy lifestyle and life expectancy free of chronic diseases

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-56
Author(s):  
Peerzada Umar Farooq Baba ◽  
Adil Hafeez Wani
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Total Life Expectancy ◽  
Lifestyle Measures ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Total Life

The average life expectancy in the world has increased substantially in the past few decades. Modifiable lifestyle factors including smoking, physical activity, alcohol intake, body weight, and diet quality affect both total life expectancy and incidence of chronic diseases. Few studies have comprehensively examined how a combination of multiple lifestyle factors may relate to life expectancy free from major diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. A Harvard team examined the effect of healthy lifestyle factors on life expectancy free of chronic diseases, using data from up to 34 years of follow-up in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) (1980-2014; n=73 196) and 28 years of follow-up in the Health Professions Follow-up Study (HPFS)(1986-2014;n=38 366). A healthy lifestyle score based on information on five lifestyle factors—diet, smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and body mass index (BMI) was derived. Five low-risk lifestyle factors included: never smoking, body mass index 18.5-24.9, moderate to vigorous physical activity (≥30 minutes/day), moderate alcohol intake (women: 5-15 g/day; men 5-30 g/day), and a higher diet quality score (upper 40%). Women who met all the healthful lifestyle measures had an additional 10.7 years of disease-free life compared with women who met no healthful lifestyle measures. For men, the number was 7.6 additional disease-free years. So it was concluded that a healthier lifestyle was associated with an increased total life expectancy and life expectancy free of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. Findings suggest that the promotion of a healthy lifestyle would help to reduce healthcare burdens. Public policies for improving food and the physical environment conducive to adopting a healthy diet and lifestyle are critical to improving life expectancy, especially life expectancy free of major chronic diseases. Source: BMJ 2020; 368:l6669 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l6669

scholarly journals Multi-State Analysis of the Impact of Childhood Starvation on the Healthy Life Expectancy of the Elderly in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiling Dong ◽  
Bingyi Wu ◽  
Qunhong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Healthy Life Expectancy ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Child malnutrition is not only common in developing countries, but also an important issue faced by developed countries. This study aimed to explore the influence and degree of childhood starvation on the health of the elderly, which providing a reference for formulating health-related policies under the concept of full-life cycle health. Methods: Based on Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) in 2008, 2011 and 2014, this paper took a total of 13,185 elderly people aged 65-99 years as the target population. By IMaCH software, with age, gender, and income level as the control variables, and the average life expectancy and healthy life expectancy of the elderly was measured. The test was used to explore the differences in socio-economic status of elderly people with or without starvation in childhood. The paired t test was used to analyze the difference both average life expectancy and healthy life expectancy. Results: (1) Transition probabilities in health-disability, health-death, and disability-death all showed an upward trend with age(P<0.05), where the elderly who experienced starvation in childhood were higher than those without such an experience(P<0.05). However, the probability of disability-health recovery showed a downward trend with age(P<0.05), whereas the elderly who experienced starvation in childhood were lower than those without starvation(P<0.05).(2) For the elderly who experienced starvation in childhood, the health indicators of the average life expectancy, healthy life expectancy, and healthy life expectancy proportion accounted for the remaining life were lower than those of the elderly without childhood starvation (P<0.05).Conclusions: The negative impact of childhood starvation on health through the life course till old age, has a persistent negative cumulative effect on the quantity and quality of life for the elderly. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the nutritional status of children in poor families from the perspective of social policy-making.

Impact of Diabetes on Life and Healthy Life Expectancy Among Older Women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Befikadu L Wubishet ◽  
Julie E Byles ◽  
Melissa L Harris ◽  
Carol Jagger
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Healthy Life Expectancy ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Total Life Expectancy ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Life

Abstract Background Diabetes is a major chronic condition with ever-increasing health and economic burden. This study aimed to measure the impact of diabetes on total life expectancy (TLE) and healthy life expectancy (HLE) at ages 70 and 80 and to assess how educational level, obesity, and comorbidity affected the expectancies. Methods The study involved 9849 population-representative women born between 1921 and 1926 from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health (ALSWH). Self-rated health was obtained from the ALSWH surveys. Diabetes diagnosis was ascertained using survey and health care administrative data. Total life expectancy and HLE were estimated for women with and without diabetes using multistate modeling. Results Diabetes was associated with an increased risk of poor health (adjusted risk ratio: 1.63, 95% confidence interval: 1.49–1.79). Diabetes was also associated with a reduction of 0.9 years in HLE and 2.6 years in TLE at age 70 and 0.4 years in HLE and 1.3 years in TLE at age 80. If a woman had low education, obesity, and more than 2 comorbidities in addition to diabetes, these reductions increased to 3.0 years in TLE and 7.9 years in HLE at age 70 and 1.5 years in TLE and 3.8 years in HLE at age 80. Conclusions Diabetes substantially reduced older women’s quantity and quality of life, with further reductions for those with lower education, obesity, and comorbidities. These findings underscore the importance of optimally managing diabetes by maintaining a healthy weight and delaying the onset of comorbidities, to promote healthy aging for older women with diabetes.

scholarly journals Fasting and Postprandial Triglycerides Across Older Adulthood: A Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 66-66
Author(s):  
Kara Poindexter ◽  
Christina Sciarrillo ◽  
Janice Hermann ◽  
Sam Emerson
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total N ◽  
Older Adulthood ◽  
Postprandial Triglycerides ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Elevated postprandial triglycerides (TG) are a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although some evidence suggests that older adults exhibit greater postprandial TG than younger adults, it is unknown how postprandial lipid tolerance changes across the spectrum of older adulthood. This cross-sectional study examines postprandial TG responses across the spectrum of aging, as well as factors that may modify this response. Methods We are recruiting individuals into four age categories (age 50–59, 60–69, 70–79, 80–89 years), with an equal number of participants and sex distribution in each group. Participants undergo body composition testing via bioelectrical impedance analysis and complete a 130-item food frequency questionnaire. Participants return to the lab after a 10-hour fast and blood is drawn both before and 4 hours after consumption of a high-fat meal (9 kcal/kg body mass; 73% fat, 26% CHO) to determine fasting and postprandial TG. Results Thirty participants (50’s: n = 12; 60’s: n = 11; 70’s: n = 4; 80’s: n = 3) have completed the study (total N = 60). There was no difference (P = 0.52) in BMI across age groups (50’s: 29.5 ± 5.4 kg/m2; 60’s: 29.1 ± 5.5 kg/m2; 70’s: 25.9 ± 3.8 kg/m2; 80’s: 26.1 ± 1.6 kg/m2). There was also no difference (P = 0.68) in body fat (BF%) across age groups (50’s: 37.5 ± 7.2%; 60’s: 39.53 ± 7.0%; 70’s: 43.6 ± 8.2%; 80’s: 39.5 ± 18.1%). Similarly, there was no difference (P = 0.76) in fasting TG across age groups (50’s: 98.8 ± 40.6 mg/dL; 60’s: 117.9 ± 83.3 mg/dL; 70’s: 105.3 ± 39.7 mg/dL; 80’s: 79.7 ± 31.7 mg/dL), nor was there a difference (P = 0.74) in 4-hr TG (50’s: 162.3 ± 70.8 mg/dL; 60’s: 187.5 ± 105.5 mg/dL; 70’s: 181.8 ± 89.6 mg/dL; 80’s: 130.7 ± 55.1 mg/dL). Lastly, there was no difference (P = 0.16) in fruit and vegetable (FV) intake (50’s: 4.4 ± 1.9 servings/day (s/d); 60’s: 8.2 ± 5.5 s/d; 70’s: 6.2 ± 4.6 s/d; 80’s: 7.9 ± 2.4 s/d). Conclusions At this point in the study, it cannot be concluded that there is a significant difference in fasting or postprandial TG across aging strata, possibly due to no differences in BMI, BF%, or FV intake. When complete, this study will provide valuable insight with regard to the impact of aging and other lifestyle factors on postprandial lipemia and subsequent CVD risk. Funding Sources This project is funded by the Donna Cadwalader Research and Development Grant.

scholarly journals Can We Make Time for Physical Activity? Simulating Effects of Daily Physical Activity on Mortality

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff Rowe ◽  
Mark S. Tremblay ◽  
Douglas G. Manuel
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Time Profiles ◽  
Metabolic Equivalents ◽  
Canadian Population ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sample Time

Background. The link between physical activity and health outcomes is well established, yet levels of physical activity remain low. This study quantifies effects on mortality of the substitution of low activity episodes by higher activity alternatives using time-use data. Methods. Sample time profiles are representative of the Canadian population (n=19,597). Activity time and mortality are linked using metabolic equivalents(METs). Mortality risk is determined by peak daily METs and hours spent sedentary. The impact of altering activity patterns is assessed using simulated life expectancy. Results. If all leisure screen time was replaced with an equal amount of time spent going for a walk, an increase in life expectancy of about 2.5 years (95% CI, 1.4 to 3.8) would be expected. No other activity category would have as large as an effect. Conclusions. Reducing leisure screen time has a large effect, because seniors particularly have a large potential for mortality reduction and watch more television than other age groups. The general problem of inactivity cannot be solved simply by reallocating time to more active pursuits, because daily activity patterns can be heterogeneous or fragmented and activities may be nondiscretionary (e.g., work or childcare).

Effect of Physical Inactivity on Major Noncommunicable Diseases and Life Expectancy in Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Fornias Machado de Rezende ◽  
Fabiana Maluf Rabacow ◽  
Juliana Yukari Kodaira Viscondi ◽  
Olinda do Carmo Luiz ◽  
Victor Keihan Rodrigues Matsudo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Population Attributable Fraction ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Sociodemographic Profile ◽  
Cancer Côlon ◽  
The Impact

Background:In Brazil, one-fifth of the population reports not doing any physical activity. This study aimed to assess the impact of physical inactivity on major noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), all-cause mortality and life expectancy in Brazil, by region and sociodemographic profile.Methods:We estimated the population attributable fraction (PAF) for physical inactivity associated with coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, breast cancer, colon cancer, and all-cause mortality. To calculate the PAF, we used the physical inactivity prevalence from the 2008 Brazilian Household Survey and relative risk data in the literature.Results:In Brazil, physical inactivity is attributable to 3% to 5% of all major NCDs and 5.31% of all-cause mortality, ranging from 5.82% in the southeastern region to 2.83% in the southern region. Eliminating physical inactivity would increase the life expectancy by an average of 0.31 years. This reduction would affect mainly individuals with ≥ 15 years of schooling, male, Asian, elderly, residing in an urban area and earning ≥ 2 times the national minimum wage.Conclusions:In Brazil, physical inactivity has a major impact on NCDs and mortality, principally in the southeastern and central-west regions. Public policies and interventions promoting physical activity will significantly improve the health of the population.

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