scholarly journals The validity of drug use responses in a household survey in Puerto Rico: comparison of survey responses of cocaine and heroin use with hair tests

2001 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 1042-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor M Colón ◽  
Rafaela R Robles ◽  
Hardeo Sahai
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Heroin Use ◽  
Survey Responses

scholarly journals The validity of drug use responses in a household survey in Puerto Rico: Comparison of survey responses with urinalysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 667-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.M. Colón ◽  
C.M. Pérez ◽  
M. Meléndez ◽  
E. Marrero ◽  
A.P. Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Survey Responses

Examining a migration-based phenomenon of heroin use in an urban drug scene in Sao Paulo, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Ribeiro ◽  
Rosana Frajzinger ◽  
Luciane Ogata Perrenoud ◽  
Benedikt Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Crack Cocaine ◽  
Methadone Treatment ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Heroin Use ◽  
Heroin Users ◽  
Content Type

Purpose Brazil’s street-based drug use is mostly characterized by non-injection psychostimulant (e.g. crack-cocaine) drug use in Brazil, with limited interventions and service availability. Recently, an influx of multi-ethnic migrants within an urban drug scene in Sao Paulo was associated with heroin use, a drug normatively absent from Brazil. The purpose of this paper is to characterize and compare heroin use-related characteristics and outcomes for an attending sub-sample of clients from a large community-based treatment centre (“CRATOD”) serving Sao Paulo’s local urban drug scene. Design/methodology/approach All non-Brazilian patients (n = 109) receiving services at CRATOD for 2013–2016 were identified from patient files, divided into heroin users (n = 40) and non-heroin users (n = 69). Based on chart reviews, select socio-demographic, drug use and health status (including blood-borne-virus and other infections per rapid test methods) were examined and bi-variately compared. Multi-variate analyses examined factors independently associated with heroin use. Findings Most participants were male and middle-aged, poly-drug users and socio-economically marginalized. While heroin users primarily originated from Africa, they reported significantly more criminal histories, drug (e.g. injection) and sex-risk behaviors and elevated rates of BBV (e.g. Hepatitis C Virus and HIV). A minority of heroin users attending the clinic was provided methadone treatment, mostly for detoxification. Originality/value This study documented information on a distinct sample of mostly migration-based heroin users in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Based on the local experience, global migration dynamics can bring changes to established drug use cultures and services, including new challenges for drug use-related related behaviors and therapeutic interventions that require effective understanding and addressing.

scholarly journals Interactions between Resident Risk Perceptions and Wildfire Risk Mitigation: Evidence from Simultaneous Equations Modeling

Fire ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
James R. Meldrum ◽  
Hannah Brenkert-Smith ◽  
Patricia Champ ◽  
Jamie Gomez ◽  
Lilia Falk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Wildfire Risk ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Publicly Supported ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Simultaneous Model

Fire science emphasizes that mitigation actions on residential property, including structural hardening and maintaining defensible space, can reduce the risk of wildfire at a home. Accordingly, a rich body of social science literature investigates the determinants of wildfire risk mitigation behaviors of residents living in fire-prone areas. Here, we investigate relationships among wildfire hazards, residents’ risk perceptions, and conditions associated with mitigation actions using a combination of simulated wildfire conditions, household survey responses, and professionally assessed parcel characteristic data. We estimate a simultaneous model of these data that accounts for potential direct feedbacks between risk perceptions and parcel-level conditions. We also compare the use of self-reported versus assessed parcel-level data for estimating these relationships. Our analysis relies on paired survey and assessment data for approximately 2000 homes in western Colorado. Our simultaneous model demonstrates dual-directional interactions between risk perceptions and conditions associated with mitigation actions, with important implications for inference from simpler approaches. In addition to improving general understanding of decision-making about risk and natural hazards, our findings can support the effectiveness of publicly supported programs intended to encourage mitigation to reduce society’s overall wildfire risk.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of illicit and abused drugs in the general population, emergency department drug-related episodes, and arrestees

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1330-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
B A Rouse
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
General Population ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Data Systems ◽  
General Decline ◽  
Abused Drugs ◽  
National Trends

Abstract National trends in substance abuse are presented: the civilian noninstitutionalized general population; drug-related emergency department episodes; and booked arrestees. Major metropolitan differences are also noted. This study was based on the primary national data systems for these groups: The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, SAMHSA's Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN), and the National Institute of Justice Drug Use Forecasting (DUF) system. While the most prevalent drug differed in the three data sources, all three showed recent increases in marijuana. Despite the general decline in drug use seen in the general population, both the number of drug-related cases in the DAWN system and the drug use detected in the DUF arrestees showed recent increases.

Reassessing the Need for Urinalysis as a Validation Technique

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
George S. Yacoubian
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Heroin Use ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Validation Technique ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Over Time

Urinalysis is utilized routinely as a tool to validate self-reported drug use. Past research has been inconclusive, however, in confirming strong correlations between urinalysis and self-reported drug use. In the current study, correlation estimates for cocaine and heroin use are derived from adult arrestees surveyed through the Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) Program between 1990 and 1997. While the strength of agreement between urinalysis and self-report data varies by both substance and jurisdiction, correlation estimates are consistent over time. These findings suggest that the need for urinalysis should be reassessed.

The Intersection of Drug Use and Criminal Behavior: Results from the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lana Harrison ◽  
Joseph Gfroerer
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Important Predictor ◽  
Criminal Involvement ◽  
Strong Correlate ◽  
National Household Survey ◽  
The Relationship

In 1991, questions on involvement in criminal behavior and being arrested and booked for a crime were added to the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA) to ascertain the relationship between drug use and criminal behavior. Analysis shows that drug use is a strong correlate of being booked for a criminal offense, but age is the more important correlate of criminal involvement. There were few differences in models predicting violent as opposed to property crime, although minority status was a more important predictor of violent crime, and poverty was a more important predictor of property crime. Cocaine use was the most important covariate of being booked for a crime in large metropolitan areas that were oversampled in the 1991 NHSDA.

Synthetic Estimation Applied to the Prevalence of Drug Use

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Heroin Use ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Synthetic Estimation ◽  
Estimation Procedures ◽  
Definition Of

This article focuses on the application of synthetic estimation. It provides a working definition of synthetic estimation and indicates why synthetic estimation of drug use prevalence almost always requires the simultaneous application of other, complementary estimation procedures. A brief review is provided on recent studies in which synthetic estimation, together with other estimation procedures, was used to estimate the prevalence of cocaine and heroin use. The author then presents a discussion of one specific, real-world application of the synthetic estimation approach that was developed for purposes of policy research. This application led to estimates of roughly two million weekly users of cocaine and 660,000 weekly users of heroin in the United States during 1990. The author concludes with a discussion of some policy implications of these and other estimates of drug use prevalence.

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