scholarly journals 492Determinants of mother to child transmission of HIV in West Shewa, Oromiya: Mixed-method study

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fufa Banja
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Care Home ◽  
Home Delivery ◽  
Support Program ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Education And Awareness ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Without intervention, transmission rate of HIV from mother to child ranges from 15% to 45%, that can be reduced to below 5% with effective intervention. In West Shewa zone transmission rate is 10% currently. Aim of the study is to identify determinants of transmission of HIV from mother to child in West Shewa Zone which has 2.1 million populations. Methods Mixed methods: unmatched case-control study, N = 96(24 cases, 72 controls) and one-on-one questioner was conducted. Variables of interest were collected using structured and semi-structured questioner and data abstraction forms from mothers of exposed infants, medical records of mothers and children. Result Majority among cases(70.8%) were not included in to option B+ program. Home delivery increases 6 times chance of HIV, AOR=6.047, CI(1.549–29.230), none inclusion in to option B+ increase 18 chance of HIV transmission, AOR=18.0;CI(5.0–68.1). Partner noninvolvement to HIV care increases chance of transmission by 7.3 times, AOR=7.3;CI(1.14–37.459). Mother- mother support program decrease chance of transmission by 86.5% with AOR=0.135CI (0.11–0.396). Poor ANC practices among rural residents contributed to unaware MTCT of HIV. Conclusion Mother-to-mother support program has protective effect, while None inclusion to option B+, partner noninvolvement to HIV care, Home delivery and poor ANC practice were determinant factors of HIV transmission from mother to child. Key messages Health education and awareness creation should be implemented by HEW to improve ANC practice, and increase VCT among rural residents.

Determinants of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV In Public Hospitals of West Shewa Zone, Oromiya Region: mixed method study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fufa Hunduma Banja ◽  
Ewnat Gebrehanna
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Home Delivery ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Support Program ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Human Immune Deficiency Virus ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Health Extension Workers ◽  
Mother To Child

Abstract Background: Mother-to-child transmission of HIV (MTCT) is when Human Immune deficiency Virus (HIV) of positive mother passes the virus to her baby. Without intervention transmission rate of HIV ranges from 15% to 45%, which can be reduced to below 5% with effective intervention. In Ethiopia, final mother-to-child transmission rate was 15% in 2016 which is much higher than target of the country to reduce transmission to lower than 5% by 2020. Aim of the study is to identify determinants of transmission of HIV from mother to child in West Shoa zone of Oromiya Region which has total population more than 2.1 million.Methods: Mixed methods: unmatched case-control study among children tested HIV positive and negatives at the end of PMTC follow up; N=96(24 cases, 72 controls) and one-on-one questioner for mothers of positive infant conducted during June to August 2019; focusing on PCR done during the last two years (June 2017 to July 2019), in public hospitals. Variables of interest were collected using structured and semi-structured questioner and data abstraction forms from mothers of exposed infants, medical records of mothers and children.Result: Majority among cases(70.8%) were not included in to option B+ program. Home delivery increases 6 times chance of HIV, AOR = 6.0; CI (1.5–29.2), none inclusion in to option B+ increase 18 chance of HIV transmission, AOR = 18.0; CI (5.0–68.1). Partner noninvolvement to HIV care increases chance of transmission by 7.3 times, AOR=7.3; CI(1.1–37.4). Mother-to- mother support program decrease chance of transmission by 86.5% with AOR = 0.13; CI (0.11–0.39). Poor ANC knowledge and practices among rural residents and unstable marriage in urban residents contributed to unaware MTCT of HIV.Conclusion: ART clinics should focus on and strengthen mother-to-mother support program, should create space for partner involvement to HIV care and provide training for Health Extension Workers(HEW). Health education and awareness creation should be implemented by HEW to improve ANC practice, reduce home delivery and increase voluntary counseling and testing among residents.

scholarly journals Towards elimination of mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV in Rwanda: a nested case‐control study of risk factors for transmission

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Remera ◽  
Placidie Mugwaneza ◽  
Frédérique Chammartin ◽  
Augustin Mulindabigwi ◽  
Gentille Musengimana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Single Mothers ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Mother-to-child HIV transmission (MTCT) has substantially declined since the scale-up of prevention programs around the world, including Rwanda. To achieve full elimination of MTCT, it is important to understand the risk factors associated with residual HIV transmission, defined as MTCT at the population-level that still occurs despite universal access to PMTCT. Methods We performed a case control study of children born from mothers with HIV with known vital status at 18 months from birth, who were followed in three national cohorts between October and December 2013, 2014, and 2015 in Rwanda. Children with HIV were matched in a ratio of 1:2 with HIV-uninfected children and a conditional logistic regression model was used to investigate risk factors for MTCT. Results In total, 84 children with HIV were identified and matched with 164 non-infected children. The median age of mothers from both groups was 29 years (interquartile range (IQR): 24–33). Of these mothers, 126 (51.4 %) initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) before their pregnancy on record. In a multivariable regression analysis, initiation of ART in the third trimester (Adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR]: 9.25; 95 % Confidence Interval [95 % CI]: 2.12–40.38) and during labour or post-partum (aOR: 8.87; 95 % CI: 1.92–40.88), compared to initiation of ART before pregnancy, increased the risk of MTCT. Similarly, offspring of single mothers (aOR: 7.15; 95 % CI: 1.15–44.21), and absence of postpartum neonatal ART prophylaxis (aOR: 7.26; 95 % CI: 1.66–31.59) were factors significantly associated with MTCT. Conclusions Late ART initiation for PMTCT and lack of postpartum infant prophylaxis are still the most important risk factors to explain MTCT in the era of universal access. Improved early attendance at antenatal care, early ART initiation, and enhancing the continuum of care especially for single mothers is crucial for MTCT elimination in Rwanda.

Rising mother-to-child HIV transmission in a resource-limited breastfeeding population

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicity Zvanyadza Gumbo ◽  
Nyaradzai Edith Kurewa ◽  
Gwendoline Quintoline Kandawasvika ◽  
Kerina Duri ◽  
Munyaradzi Paul Mapingure ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Transmission Rates ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Single Dose Nevirapine ◽  
Blood Specimens ◽  
Mother To Child

The objective of this study was to determine mother to child HIV transmission rates at different time points in a breastfeeding cohort enrolled in a single dose nevirapine program in Harare, Zimbabwe. Between 2002–2004, 434 HIV-positive mothers and their infants were recruited and followed up from delivery to 15 months. Infant blood specimens were collected for HIV testing at these time points. The majority of the patients (78%) received single dose nevirapine. The overall HIV transmission rate was 21.8% (17.8–25.8). Receiving single dose nevirapine was protective against HIV vertical transmission although statistically insignificant (relative risk: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.49–1.19). Breastfeeding was not found to be associated with HIV vertical transmission ( P = 0.612). In this resource-limited setting, HIV transmission rates are high. Efforts to use more efficacious regimens to arrest HIV vertical transmission are required.

Towards Elimination of Mother-To-Child Transmission of HIV in Rwanda: A Nested Case-Control Study of Risk Factors for Transmission

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Remera ◽  
Placidie Mugwaneza ◽  
Frederique Chammartin ◽  
Augustin Mulindabigwi ◽  
Gentille Musengimana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Single Mothers ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: Mother-to-child HIV transmission (MTCT) has substantially declined since the scale-up of prevention programs around that world, including Rwanda. To achieve full elimination of MTCT, it is important to understand the risk factors associated with residual HIV transmission, defined as MTCT at the population-level that still occur despite universal access to PMTCT+; .Methods: We performed a case control study of children born from mothers with HIV with known vital status at 18 months from birth who were followed in three national cohorts between October and December 2013, 2014, and 2015 in Rwanda. Children with HIV were matched in a ratio of 1:2 with HIV-uninfected children and a conditional logistic regression model was used to investigate risk factors for MTCT.Results: In total, 84 children with HIV were identified and matched with 164 non-infected children. The median age of mothers from both groups was 29 years (interquartile range (IQR): 24-33). Of these mothers, 126 (51.4%) initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) before their pregnancy on record. In a multivariable regression analysis, initiation of ART in the third trimester (Adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR]: 7.71; 95% Confidence Interval [95% CI]: 2.19-27.10) and during labor or post-partum (aOR: 9.42; 95% CI: 3.15-28.19), compared to initiation of ART before pregnancy increased the risk of MTCT. Similarly, offspring of single mothers (aOR: 4.81; 95% CI: 1.60-14.46), and absence of postpartum neonatal ART prophylaxis (aOR: 5.64; 95% CI: 1.81-17.53) were factors significantly associated with MTCT.Conclusion: Late presentation for antenatal care and lack of postpartum infant prophylaxis are still the most important risk factors to explain MTCT in the era of universal access. Improved early attendance at antenatal care, early ART initiation, and enhancing the continuum of care especially for single mothers is crucial for MTCT elimination in Rwanda.

scholarly journals Low mother-to-child HIV transmission rate but high loss-to-follow-up among mothers and babies in Mandalay, Myanmar; a cohort study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. e0184426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khine Wut Yee Kyaw ◽  
Myo Minn Oo ◽  
Nang Thu Thu Kyaw ◽  
Khaing Hnin Phyo ◽  
Thet Ko Aung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
High Loss ◽  
Mother To Child

scholarly journals Structural Level Differences in the Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission Rate in South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selamawit A. Woldesenbet ◽  
Debra J. Jackson ◽  
CJ Lombard ◽  
Thu-Ha Dinh ◽  
Vundli Ramokolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Mother To Child

scholarly journals Mother-to-child transmission of different HIV-1 subtypes among ARV Naïve infected pregnant women in Nigeria

2006 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.N. Odaibo ◽  
D.O. Olaleye ◽  
L. Heyndrickx ◽  
K. Vereecken ◽  
K. Houwer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Informed Consent Form ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Hiv 1

The rate of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV as well as the implications of the circulating multiple subtypes to MTCT in Nigeria are not known. This study was therefore undertaken to determine the differential rates of MTCT of HIV-1 subtypes detected among infected pregnant women before ARV intervention therapy became available in Nigeria. Twenty of the HIV-positive women who signed the informed consent form during pregnancy brought their babies for follow-up testing at age 18-24 months. Plasma samples from both mother and baby were tested for HIV antibody at the Department of Virology, UCH, Ibadan, Nigeria. All positive samples (plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells - PBMCs) were shipped to the Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium, where the subtype of the infecting virus was determined using the HMA technique. Overall, a mother-to-child HIV transmission rate of 45% was found in this cohort. Specifically, 36.4%, 66.7% and 100% of the women infected with HIV-1 CRF02 (IbNg), G and B, respectively, transmitted the virus to their babies. As far as it can be ascertained, this is the first report on the rate of MTCT of HIV in Nigeria. The findings reported in this paper will form a useful reference for assessment of currently available therapeutic intervention of MTCT in the country.

scholarly journals Prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission: from the first stages to the possibility of elimination

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
Olga L. Mozalyova ◽  
Anna V. Samarina
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Perinatal Hiv ◽  
Mother To Child

Despite the success in reducing mother-to-child HIV transmission rate worldwide, the problem of perinatal HIV transmission is still relevant. Sexual activity nowadays is the predominant way of transmission, therefore the number of HIV cases among women growths. This leads to an increased number of pregnancies and childbirth in HIV-infected women. Better preventive treatment has decreased the transmission risk to 1% or less. Despite this, the Russian Federation is still not among the countries where the elimination of mother-to-child transmission has been recorded. This review article focuses on the main stages of mother-to-child transmission prevention from the time that no antiretroviral therapy was available to the current stage, when highly active antiretroviral therapy is used during pregnancy, childbirth and for the treatment of newborns. The research provides a comparative analysis of modern national and international clinical recommendations for the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission.

Determinants of Mother to Child HIV Transmission (HIV MTCT); A Case Control Study in Governmental Health Centers of East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengistie Kassahun Tariku
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
P Value ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: Mother to child human immune virus (HIV) transmission is the passage of HIV from mother to her child during pregnancy, labor, delivery or breast-feeding. The objective of this study was to identify determinants of mother to child HIV transmission in Governmental health centers of East Gojjam Zone, Northwestern Ethiopia, 2019. Methods: A case control study was conducted on 210(42 cases and 168 controls). All cases were included in the study. Controls were selected by simple random sampling. Secondary data were collected from April 1 to 30/2019. Collected data were entered by using epi data version 3.1 and then it was exported to SPSS. The exported data was analyzed and presented by using descriptive summary statistics and tables. After bivariate logistic regression analysis, all variables with p-value 0.25 were entered into multivariable logistic regression and p value < 0.05 considered as significantly associated with the outcome variable.Results: Having history of antenatal care follow up of HIV positive pregnant women [ adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=5.0;95%CI; 2.02-12.16] and initial CD4 count of mothers [AOR=2.7;95%CI;1.35-5.52]. Conclusion: Mother to child HIV transmission was significantly associated with history of ANC follow up of mothers and initial CD4 counts of mothers.

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