PSIX-14 Active and passive immunity in calves vaccinated with a subunit targeted vaccine against BVDV

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 265-266
Author(s):  
Mauro Venturini ◽  
Demian Bellido ◽  
Josefina Baztarrica ◽  
Lucia Rocha ◽  
Viviana Parreño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subunit Vaccine ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Single Chain Antibody ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines ◽  
Antibody Levels

Abstract Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infects ruminants, with a worldwide distribution, the virus causes a broad spectrum of clinical diseases and economic losses. Vaccination against BVDV is an important component of prevention and control programs. Currently, only modified live vaccines (MLV) and inactivated vaccines are used. Both have historical disadvantages; MLV in terms of safety and inactivated vaccines in terms of immunogenicity. We have previously reported the development and efficacy trials of the first targeted subunit vaccine against BVDV. The core of the vaccine is a fusion of the BVDV structural protein, E2, to a single-chain antibody, APCH, together termed, APCH-E2. The APCH antibody targets the E2 antigen to the MHC-II present on antigen-presenting cells. The goal of this work was to evaluate passive immunity through colostrum and active immunity of calves immunized with the novel vaccine. 24 A. angus heifers were divided into two groups, 12 immunized with the vaccine and 12 received placebo, in the last trimester of gestation. Serum samples from calves were taken at day 30 of age and analyzed by competitive ELISA. In the vaccinated group, 92% of the d30 old calves maintained medium (25%) or high (67%) antibody levels against BVDV, while 50% of the animals in the control group presented low antibody level (Pearson’s chi-squared p:0,07) (Table 1). At 5 months of age, calves of both groups were immunized with the targeted vaccine. Thirty days later, 96% of the calves had medium or high antibody levels against BVDV, which was independent of their respective heifer vaccine status. These results confirm the new targeted subunit vaccine against BVDV is safe and efficacious to be used in pregnant cattle and can passively immunize newborn calves. They also show that these maternal antibodies do not interfere with the active immunization of calves.

scholarly journals 2838. Safety and Immunogenicity of a gp120-CD4 Chimeric Subunit Vaccine: A Phase 1a Randomized Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S65-S66
Author(s):  
Joel V Chua ◽  
Charles Davis ◽  
Amy Nelson ◽  
Ka Wing J Lam ◽  
Lydiah Mutumbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subunit Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Chimeric Protein ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Humoral Responses ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Background A primary challenge for HIV vaccine development is to raise antiviral antibodies capable of recognizing highly variable viral antigens. The full-length single chain (FLSC) gp120-CD4 chimeric protein was designed to present a highly conserved CD4-induced HIV-1 envelope structure that evokes cross-reactive humoral responses (Figure 1). IHV01 is an FLSC subunit vaccine formulated in alum adjuvant. The safety and immunogenicity of IHV01 was evaluated in this first-in-human phase 1a trial. Methods This randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study involved three dose-escalating cohorts (75 µg, 150 µg, and 300 µg doses). Eligible participants were HIV-1 uninfected healthy volunteers aged 18 to 45 years. Participants in each cohort were block randomized in groups of four in a 3:1 ratio to receive either vaccine or placebo. Intramuscular injections were given on weeks 0, 4, 8, and 24. Participants were followed for an additional 24 weeks after the last immunization. Crossreactive antibody binding titers against diverse HIV envelopes and antigens and specific CD4i epitopes on gp120 were assessed. Results Sixty-five volunteers were enrolled—49 vaccine and 16 placebo. Majority (81%) of vaccinations with IHV01 produced no localized or systemic reactions; no different from the control group. The overall incidence of adverse events (AEs) was not significantly different between groups. Majority (89%) of vaccine-related AEs were mild in severity. The most common vaccine-related AEs were injection site pain (31%), pruritus (10%), and headache (10%). There were no vaccine-related serious AE, discontinuation due to AE, or intercurrent HIV infection. By the final vaccination, all subjects in all cohorts had developed antibodies against IHV01; all placebo recipients were negative. The antibodies induced by IHV01 reacted with envelope antigens from diverse HIV-1 strains (Figure 2). Conclusion IHV01 vaccine was safe, well tolerated, and immunogenic in all doses tested. The vaccine raised broadly reactive humoral responses against multiple gp120 domains, transition state structures, and CD4i epitopes. Disclosures All Authors: No reported Disclosures.

scholarly journals Greater Protection against Virulent Infectious Bronchitis Virus Challenge Conferred by Recombinant Baculovirus Co-expressing S1 and N Proteins

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Zhi-Peng Zhang ◽  
Yi-Ning He ◽  
Wen-Sheng Fan ◽  
Zhi-Hua Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Subunit Vaccine ◽  
Recombinant Baculovirus ◽  
Recombinant Baculoviruses ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Subunit Vaccines ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
N Proteins

Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is the causative agent of infectious bronchitis, which causes considerable economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. It is imperative to develop safe and efficient candidate vaccines to control IBV infection. In the current study, recombinant baculoviruses co-expressing S1 and N proteins, mono-expressing S1 or N proteins alone of IBV were constructed and prepared into subunit vaccines rHBM-S1-N, rHBM-S1 and rHBM-N. The levels of immune protection of these subunit vaccines were evaluated by inoculating specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens at 14 days of age, boosting with the same dose 14 days later, and following challenge with a virulent GX-YL5 strain of IBV 14 days post-booster (dpb). The commercial vaccine strain H120 was used as a control. The IBV-specific antibody levels as well as the percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes were detected within 28 days post-vaccination (dpv). The morbidity, mortality, and re-isolation of virus from the tracheas and kidneys of challenged birds were evaluated at 5 days post-challenge (dpc). The results showed that the IBV-specific antibody levels and the percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte in rHBM-S1-N group were higher than those of rHBM-S1 and rHBM-N groups, especially the cellular immunity response. At 5 dpc, the mortality, morbidity and virus re-isolation rate of rHBM-S1-N were slightly higher than those of H120 group, but were lower than those of rHBM-S1 group and rHBM-N group. The present study demonstrated that the protection of recombinant baculovirus co-expressing S1 and N proteins was better than that of recombinant baculoviruses mono-expressing S1 or N protein alone. Thus, the recombinant baculovirus co-expressing S1 and N proteins could serve as a potential IBV vaccine and this demonstrates that the bivalent subunit vaccine including the S1 and N proteins might be a strategy for the development of an IBV subunit vaccine.

scholarly journals ANTIVIRAL COMPOUNDS AND PREPARATIONS EFFECTIVE AGAINST BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 204-210
Author(s):  
T. I. Glotova ◽  
A. A. Nikonova ◽  
A. G. Glotov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Losses ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Antiviral Compounds ◽  
Biomedical Technologies ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines ◽  
Antiviral Targets ◽  
Effective Drugs

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) belongs to the genus Pestivirus, family Flaviviridae. It causes various clinical forms of infection leading to significant economic losses in beef and dairy industry worldwide. Furthermore, the virus is a contaminant of biological preparations (bovine fetal serum, continuous cell cultures, vaccines for human and veterinary medicine, interferons, trypsin, biotechnological preparations, embryos, stem cells, etc.). It is used as a test object when developing methods of decontamination. In some countries, a tool for monitoring the infection caused by the virus is vaccination based on the use of live and inactivated vaccines with varying efficiency. The antiviral compounds are a potential means of control in case of insufficient efficacy of vaccines. Their advantage for BVDV control is the ability to provide immediate protection for animals at risk in the case of an outbreak of the disease. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge about antiviral compounds against BVDV. It was noted that due to the use of advanced biomedical technologies there is a tendency to search for drugs that might be effective for antiviral therapy of BVDV, as indicated by numerous studies of new compounds and the antiviral efficacy of known drugs used in medical practice. In addition to the well-known antiviral targets for the virus, such as the RdRp, IMPDH, NS3, new targets were discovered, such as protein p7. Its mechanism of action remains to be explored. It can be concluded that there is a great potential for BVDV control through the use of antiviral drugs which has not yet implemented. The biggest obstacle for commercial implementation of identified compounds is the lack of demonstration of their efficacy in vivo. Further studies should be performed to develop a method for administering effective drugs to groups of animals.

scholarly journals Development of Recombinant Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase Subunit Vaccine against Vibrio Infection in Large Yellow Croaker

Fishes ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Xiaomeng Li ◽  
Yuanzhen Tan ◽  
Zheng Zhang ◽  
Yupeng Huang ◽  
Pengfei Mu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subunit Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Head Kidney ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Large Yellow Croaker ◽  
Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase ◽  
A Subunit ◽  
And Control ◽  
Vibrio Genus

Large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea), an economically important marine fish in China, has suffered from serious vibriosis, which has resulted in great economic losses for the large yellow croaker industry. Vaccination has been considered to be a safe and effective method to prevent and control vibriosis. However, due to the complex diversity and serotypes of the Vibrio genus, the progress of Vibrio vaccine development is still slow. In this study, we prepared recombinant Vibrio dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (rDLD) protein and investigated its potential as a candidate to be a subunit vaccine against Vibrio. The lysozyme activity and the rDLD-specific antibody level in sera of large yellow croakers immunized with rDLD were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the transcript levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β), MHC IIα/β, CD40, CD8α, IL-4/13A, and IL-4/13B were significantly up-regulated in the spleen and head kidney of large yellow croakers immunized with rDLD, suggesting that rDLD could induce both specific and nonspecific immune responses in this species. In addition, rDLD protein increased the survival rate of large yellow croakers against Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, with the relative percent of survival (RPS) being 74.5% and 66.9%, respectively. These results will facilitate the development of a potential subunit vaccine against Vibrio in large yellow croaker aquaculture.

Oncolytic measles viruses displaying a single-chain antibody against CD38, a myeloma cell marker

Blood ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 101 (7) ◽  
pp. 2557-2562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kah-Whye Peng ◽  
Kathleen A. Donovan ◽  
Urs Schneider ◽  
Roberto Cattaneo ◽  
John A. Lust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cell ◽  
Cho Cells ◽  
Viral Envelope ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Cell Marker ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Single Chain Antibody ◽  
Myeloma Cells ◽  
Specificity Domain

Live attenuated measles virus (MV-Edm) has potent oncolytic activity against myeloma xenografts in mice. Therapy of multiple myeloma, a disseminated plasma cell malignancy, would require systemic administration of the virus. Thus, the virus should ideally be targeted to infect only myeloma cells to minimize collateral damage to normal tissues: viral binding to its natural receptors must be ablated and a new specificity domain that targets entry into myeloma cells be added. This study covers 2 critical steps toward generating such a retargeted virus: (1) a new specificity domain against the plasma cell marker CD38 was constructed in the form of a single-chain antibody (scFv) and (2) display of that scFv on the measles viral envelope glycoprotein successfully redirected virus entry through CD38 expressed on target cells devoid of the natural MV receptors. The anti-CD38 scFv was tethered to the C-terminus of the hemagglutinin (H) glycoprotein of MV-Edm through a Factor Xa protease cleavable linker. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that the scFv was efficiently incorporated into recombinant viral particles. Replication of MV-αCD38 was not hindered by the scFv, reaching titers comparable to MV-Edm. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were resistant to infection by MV-Edm and MV-αCD38. In contrast, CHO cells expressing CD38 became susceptible to infection by MV-αCD38 but not MV-Edm. Removal of the displayed scFv rendered MV-αCD38 noninfectious on CHO-CD38 cells. Tumorigenicity of CHO-CD38 cells in immunocompromised mice was significantly attenuated by MV-αCD38, resulting in enhanced survival of these mice compared with the control group.

scholarly journals Immune Responses in Mice Immunized with Mastitis Multiple Vaccines Using Different Adjuvants

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Zhe Zhang ◽  
Xin-Pu Li ◽  
Feng Yang ◽  
Jin-Yin Luo ◽  
Xu-Rong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Aluminum Hydroxide ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antibody Concentration ◽  
Phagocytic Ability ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Spleen Index

Background: Bovine mastitis, a serious disease associated with both high incidence and significant economic losses, posing a major challenge to the global dairy industry. The development of vaccines for protection from new infections by mastitis pathogens is of considerable interest to the milk production industry. Vaccination is a common and easy strategy for the control of infectious diseases, and the adjuvants used in the formulation is a critical factor for vaccine efficacy improvement. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate three different adjuvants for their ability to enhance immune responses of mice that vaccinated with Bovine Mastitis Multiple Vaccine.Materials, Methods & Results: The thymus and spleen index, the phagocytic ability of macrophage and the serum antibody levels of mice were detected after vaccination, respectively. The results showed that the thymus index, spleen index, and the phagocytic ability of macrophage of mice in Aluminum group exhibited a significant higher level (P < 0.05) compared with those in the control groups. The difference of the serum antibody levels was significant (P < 0.05) between experimental groups and control group after vaccination. The serum antibody concentration of mice in FIA group was higher compared with other groups and had a longer duration. The antibody concentration of mice in France 206 oil group can not increase as fast as the antibody concentration of Aluminum group, but it can last a longer time at a high level. In conclusion, multiple vaccines mixed with three different adjuvants could enhance the immunity of mice and Freund’s incomplete adjuvant is the best choice for this vaccine.Discussion: Adjuvants play an important role in increasing the efficacy of a number of different vaccines. In this study, three kinds of adjuvants (Aluminum hydroxide, France 206 oil and FIA) were evaluated for their adjuvant effects for multiple vaccine of bovine mastitis in mice and aluminum hydroxide did best as the vaccine adjuvant from the results. Aluminum hydroxide is a universally accepted adjuvant for both human and veterinary vaccines. The goal of vaccination is to generate strong immune response providing protection against infection for a time. Different protective effects will usually obtained by different adjuvants even use same antigen. In this work, FIA, Alum and 206 oil were chosen as adjuvants for inactivated antigens of Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that there was a significantly higher antibody levels in vaccinated mice compared with those in control group. In addition, the mice in France 206 oil and FIA group performed a higher antibody levels and stronger immunity than mice in Aluminum hydroxide groups. These findings suggest that Freund’s incomplete adjuvant (FIA) would be the best candidate as the adjuvant for mastitis multiple vaccines investigated in this study.

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