Evaluation of calcium to phosphorus ratio in spot urine samples as a practical method to monitor phosphorus intake adequacy in sows

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariola Grez-Capdeville ◽  
Thomas D Crenshaw
Keyword(s):  
Physiological State ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Weighted Kappa ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Phosphorus Intake

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of using Ca to P ratio measured in spot urine samples to assess P intake adequacy in gestating and lactating sows. A total of 36 sows were fed one of six concentrations of dietary total P (0.40, 0.48, 0.56, 0.64, 0.72, 0.80%) from day 7.5 + 1 after breeding until the end of lactation (day 26.6 + 1). Dietary Ca to P ratio was maintained constant across treatments at 1.25. Total 24-hour urine samples were collected in mid and late gestation (days 77.1 + 2 and 112.4 + 1), and early and late lactation (days 4.5 + 1 and 18.2 + 1). In parallel to 24-hour collections, spot urine samples were collected at three different times (early morning, late morning, and late afternoon) in late gestation and late lactation. Urine Ca and P concentrations were measured and Ca to P ratio was calculated. Sows were classified as P-adequate or P-deficient according to dietary P intake. Urine Ca to P ratio was greater in sows fed P-deficient diets than sows fed P-adequate diets (P < 0.001). Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the cut-off values for urine Ca to P ratio to predict P intake adequacy. Three different categories of P intake were defined according to urine Ca to P ratio: deficient, adequate, and excessive. The area under the ROC for Ca to P ratio was 0.88 (95% CI 0.81 – 0.95). Best cut-off value of urine Ca to P ratio was 1.5 (sensitivity 94% and specificity 68%) to identify sows fed P-deficient diets and 0.5 for P-excessive diets (sensitivity 82% and specificity 82%). A strong relationship between Ca to P ratio in 24-hour and spot urine samples was determined (r = 0.93, P < 0.01), independent of physiological state and collection time of spot samples (adjusted-R 2 = 0.86, P < 0.01). The degree of agreement between spot and 24-hour urine for P intake adequacy, assessed by Cohen’s weighted kappa analysis, was substantial (0.78, 95% CI 0.69 – 0.88). We conclude that urinary Ca to P ratio provides a reliable prediction of the adequacy of P intake in reproducing sows. Urinary Ca to P ratio measurements in random spot urinary offers a practical method to determine dietary P adequacy.

65 Evaluation of Calcium to Phosphorus Ratio in Spot Urine Samples as a Practical Method to Monitor Phosphorus Intake Adequacy in Sows

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 41-41
Author(s):  
Mariola Grez Capdeville ◽  
Tom D Crenshaw
Keyword(s):  
Physiological State ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Weighted Kappa ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Total P

Abstract The reliability of spot urinary Ca to P ratio (uCa:P) to assess P intake adequacy in sows was evaluated. Thirty-six multiparous sows were fed one of six concentrations of dietary total P (0.40, 0.48, 0.56, 0.64, 0.72, and 0.80%), with a constant Ca to total P ratio (1.25:1), from day 7.5+1 after breeding until the end of lactation (day 26.6+1). Total 24-hour urine samples were collected in mid (day 77.1+2) and late gestation (day 112.4+1), and early (day 4.5+1 and late (day 18.2+1) lactation. In parallel to 24-hour collections, spot urine samples were collected at three times (early morning, late morning, and late afternoon) in late gestation and late lactation. Urine Ca and P concentrations were measured and uCa:P was calculated. Sows were classified as P-adequate or P-deficient according to dietary P intake. Sows fed P-deficient diets had greater uCa:P than sows fed P-adequate diets (P < 0.001). Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine cut-off values for uCa:P to predict P intake adequacy. The area under the ROC for uCa:P was 0.88 (95% CI 0.81–0.95). Best cut-off value of uCa:P was 1.5 (sensitivity 94% and specificity 68%) to identify sows fed P-deficient diets, and 0.5 for P-excessive diets (sensitivity 82% and specificity 82%). A strong relationship between uCa:P in 24-hour and spot urine samples was determined (r = 0.93, P < 0.01), independent of physiological state and collection time of spot samples (adjusted-R2 = 0.86, P < 0.01). The degree of agreement between spot and 24-hour urine for P intake adequacy, assessed by Cohen’s weighted kappa analysis, was substantial (0.78, 95% CI 0.69–0.88). Measurements of uCa:P in spot urine samples provide a reliable prediction of the adequacy of P intake in reproducing sows. Values of uCa:P > 1.5 were associated with P-deficient diets, whereas uCa:P < 0.5 reflected excessive P intake.

scholarly journals Persistent Microalbuminuria in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Children in Kano, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullahi Mudi ◽  
Bashir U. Alhaj ◽  
Fatimah Hassan-Hanga ◽  
Isah Adagiri Yahaya
Keyword(s):  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Albumin Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Duration Of Infection ◽  
Male To Female

Microalbuminuria has been reported to be a precursor of HIV related renal disease, which if detected early and coupled with appropriate intervention may slow or retard the progress of the disease. One hundred and seventy-eight HIV infected children aged 15 years and below were recruited from the Paediatric Infectious Disease Clinic of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH), Kano, to determine the prevalence of persistent microalbuminuria using the albumin creatinine ratio (ACR). Early morning urine samples and spot urine samples were analyzed using a dipstick specific for microalbumin. Those who tested positive had their samples reanalyzed in the laboratory using immunometric assay and Jaffe reaction method for albumin and creatinine, respectively. Patients that had ACR of 30–300 mg/g were said to have microalbuminuria and had their urine samples retested after 6 to 8 weeks. Twelve children (6.7%) had persistent microalbuminuria and had a mean age of7.5±3.3years, with a male to female ratio of 1 : 1. There was no significant relationship between the finding of microalbuminuria and age, sex, duration of infection, and the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Periodic screening for microalbuminuria using albumin specific dipstick should be considered for children with HIV infection.

scholarly journals Misclassification of iodine intake level from morning spot urine samples with high iodine excretion among Inuit and non-Inuit in Greenland

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (9) ◽  
pp. 1433-1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stig Andersen ◽  
Rasmus Waagepetersen ◽  
Peter Laurberg
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
National Registry ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Iodine Nutrition ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Intake Level ◽  
Iodine Excretion

Iodine nutrition is commonly assessed from iodine excretion in urine. A 24 h urine sample is ideal, but it is cumbersome and inconvenient. Hence, spot urine samples with creatinine to adjust for differences in void volume are widely used. Still, the importance of ethnicity and the timing of spot urine samples need to be settled. We, thus, collected 104 early morning spot urine samples and 24 h urine samples from Inuit and non-Inuit living in Greenland. Diet was assessed by a FFQ. Demographic data were collected from the national registry and by questionnaires. Iodine was measured using the Sandell–Kolthoff reaction, creatinine using the Jaffe method and para-amino benzoic acid by the HPLC method for the estimation of completeness of urine sampling and compensation of incomplete urine samples to 24 h excretion. A population-based recruitment was done from the capital city, a major town and a settlement (n 36/48/20). Participants were seventy-eight Inuit and twenty-six non-Inuit. The median 24 h iodine excretion was 138 (25th–75th percentile 89–225) μg/97 (25th–75th percentile 72–124) μg in Inuit/non-Inuit (P= 0·030), and 153 (25th–75th percentile 97–251) μg/102 (25th–75th percentile 73–138) μg (P= 0·026) when including compensated iodine excretion. Iodine excretion in 24 h urine samples increased with a rising intake of traditional Inuit foods (P= 0·005). Iodine excretion was lower in morning spot urine samples than in 24 h urine samples (P< 0·001). This difference was associated with iodine intake levels (P< 0·001), and was statistically significant when the iodine excretion level was above 150 μg/24 h. In conclusion, the iodine intake level was underestimated from morning spot urine samples if iodine excretion was above the recommended level.

Measurement of a Urinary Marker (8-hydroxydeoxy­Guanosine, 8-OHdG) of DNA Oxidative Stress in Epidemiological Surveys: A Pilot Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Elisabetta Zanolin ◽  
Paolo Girardi ◽  
Paolo Degan ◽  
Marta Rava ◽  
Mario Olivieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Urinary Concentration ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys

Background 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is a commonly used marker of DNA oxidative stress in epidemiological studies. The aim of this study was to establish whether the urinary concentration of 8-OHdG varies during the first part of the day, when clinical tests are usually performed, and whether it can therefore be measured without bias in spot urine samples. Material and methods Spot urine samples were collected using a convenience sample. A linear mixed-effects model for repeated measurements was used to analyze 8-OHdG levels. Results A significant increasing trend in time in the 8-OHdG concentration was found among smokers, but not in the case of nonsmokers. Conclusions In epidemiological studies on oxidative stress, all participants should collect their early morning urine specimens – before their first cigarette if they are smokers – to gather information on individual background oxidation levels.

scholarly journals Biochemical Assessment of Renal and Liver Function among Preeclamptics in Lagos Metropolis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Oloruntoba Ayodele Ekun ◽  
Oluwatumininu Mary Olawumi ◽  
Christian Chigozie Makwe ◽  
Nkeiruka Ogochukwu Ogidi
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Specific Syndrome

Objectives. Preeclampsia is a pregnancy specific syndrome. Studies have shown that preeclampsia has multiorgan dysfunction effects. This study evaluated biomarkers of renal and liver function among preeclamptic Nigerian women. Study Design. This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 49 preeclamptic women and 50 normotensive healthy pregnant women. Method. The baseline data comprising age, gestational age, and blood pressure were obtained. Venous blood and spot urine samples were collected from each participant. Plasma obtained from blood samples taken into lithium heparinized vacutainer bottles was assayed for electrolytes, urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, and uric acid, while sera samples from blood samples taken into serum separation tube- (SST-) gel vacutainer were assayed for aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase using ion selective electrode technique and Cobas autoanalyzer. Spot urine samples were assayed for protein and creatinine using Pyrogallol’s reagent and Jaffe’s methods, respectively. Microalbuminuria (protein/creatinine ratio) was generated from spot urine protein and creatinine data. Result. The plasma sodium, total protein, and albumin in preeclamptic group were significantly decreased (p<0.05) when compared with control. There was statistically significant increase (p<0.05) in microalbuminuria, plasma potassium, urea, creatinine, uric acid levels, serum AST, and ALT activities in preeclamptic group. A positive association (p<0.05) between alanine aminotransferase and biomarkers of renal function was observed. Conclusion. Preeclampsia has deleterious effects on renal and liver function as shown by alteration of these parameters.

The Relative Merits of Early Morning vs Random Urine Samples for Studying Crystalluria

Urolithiasis ◽  
1989 ◽  
pp. 41-42
Author(s):  
Y. M. Fazil Marickar ◽  
K. Sachidev ◽  
T. Joseph ◽  
S. Sindhu ◽  
R. Vathsala
Keyword(s):  
Early Morning ◽  
Urine Samples

scholarly journals Estimation of 24-Hour Sodium Excretion from Spot Urine Samples

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Mann ◽  
Linda M. Gerber
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Spot Urine

Purine derivatives in spot urine samples and plasma of sheep: a possible index of microbial protein supply

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 5-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. B. Chen ◽  
Adriana T. Mejia ◽  
D. J. Kyle ◽  
E. R. Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Feeding Regime ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Alternative Index ◽  
Protein Supply

In ruminants, daily urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD) reflects the absorption of microbial purines and can be used as an index of microbial protein supply (Chen, Ørskov and Hovell, 1991). The application could be extended to farm conditions if measurements based on spot urine samples or plasma could serve as an alternative index. The objective of this study was to examine whether PD concentrations in spot urine or plasma samples vary diurnally during a given feeding regime and if they reflect differences in daily PD excretion induced by varying feed intake.

scholarly journals Alteration in uterine contractility in mares with experimentally induced placentitis

Reproduction ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A McGlothlin ◽  
G D Lester ◽  
P J Hansen ◽  
M Thomas ◽  
L Pablo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activity Index ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Uterine Contractility ◽  
Myoelectrical Activity ◽  
Spike Burst ◽  
Streptococcus Equi ◽  
Large Spike ◽  
Small Spike ◽  
Experimentally Induced

An experimental model of ascending placentitis was developed in the mare to characterize the uterine myoelectrical pattern in late gestation and determine how ascending placentitis altered this pattern. In experiment 1, myometrial electrical activity was analyzed during the early morning, late morning and evening hours in four mares in the last 15 days of gestation to identify patterns of activity. In experiment 2, nine mares received intra-cervical inoculations ofStreptococcus equisubspecieszooepidemicus. Myoelectrical activity in the early morning and evening hours in these mares was compared with four control mares. In experiment 1, the number of spike burst clusters >30 s was greater in the evening than in the late morning hours (P< 0.04). Spike burst activity (number × duration) of mares in experiment 1 was similar during day and night recordings until the last 6 days of gestation when it gradually increased each evening until parturition (P< 0.05). In experiment 2, control mares experienced a gradual increase in the number of small spike burst clusters in the last 6 days (P= 0.008) and an increase in large and small spike burst clusters in the evening hours in the last 4 days of gestation (P= 0.03). Mares with experimentally induced placentitis never exhibited a rise in spike burst clusters but had an increase in the mean duration and activity index of large spike burst clusters in the 4 days before parturition (P< 0.04). In conclusion, control mares had a progressive, reversible rise in myoelectrical activity at night in the week preceding parturition. This was not observed in mares with experimentally induced placentitis. They exhibited an increase in the intensity and duration of large spike burst clusters possibly in response to local inflammation.

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