scholarly journals Curating Local Knowledge: Experimental Evidence from Small Retailers in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricio S Dalton ◽  
Julius Rüschenpöhler ◽  
Burak Uras ◽  
Bilal Zia
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Behavioral Constraints ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Outstanding Question

Abstract Business practices and performance vary widely across businesses within the same sector. A key outstanding question is why profitable practices do not readily diffuse. We conduct a field experiment among urban retailers in Indonesia to study whether alleviating informational and behavioral frictions can facilitate such diffusion in a cost-effective manner. Through quantitative and qualitative fieldwork, we curate a handbook that associates locally relevant practices with performance, and provides idiosyncratic implementation guidance informed by exemplary local retailers. We complement this handbook with two light-touch interventions to facilitate behavior change. A subset of retailers is invited to a documentary movie screening featuring the paths to success of exemplary peers. Another subset is offered two 30 minute personal visits by a local facilitator. A third group is offered both. Eighteen months later, we find significant impacts on practice adoption when the handbook is coupled with the two behavioral nudges, and up to a 35% increase in profits and 16.7% increase in sales. These findings suggest both informational and behavioral constraints are at play. The types of practices adopted map the performance improvements to efficiency gains rather than other channels. A simple cost-benefit analysis shows such locally relevant knowledge can be codified and scaled successfully at relatively low cost.

Cost–Benefit Analysis of Continuous Pavement Preservation Design Strategies versus Reconstruction

2005 ◽  
Vol 1933 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-93
Author(s):  
Kelly L. Smith ◽  
Leslie Titus-Glover ◽  
Michael I. Darter ◽  
Harold Von Quintus ◽  
Richard Stubstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Pavement Preservation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Break Even Point ◽  
Total Life

The Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) has traditionally employed continuous pavement preservation as part of an overall design strategy to maintain the highest levels of service for highway users. Concerned about the effects of continual weakening of substructure material layers on preservation treatment cost and performance (i.e., more extensive and more frequent preservation activities), ADOT sponsored a study to determine the cost-effectiveness of the continuous preservation approach as compared with a reconstruction strategy. One goal of the study was to determine the break-even point for the two strategies (i.e., after how many rehabilitation treatments reconstruction becomes as cost-effective as continuous preservation). With inputs such as ( a) service life estimates, ( b) best estimates of unit costs, ( c) work zone-related user costs, and ( d) the typical analysis period and discount rate used by ADOT, the total life-cycle costs for four alternative strategies were determined and compared for the 15 commonly occurring pavement scenarios in Arizona. The results of the analysis showed a consistent reduction in total life-cycle costs as the number of rehabilitation treatments performed between original construction and reconstruction increased from none to two. Results also showed that for nine of the 15 scenarios, total life-cycle costs associated with the third reconstruction alternative (two rehabilitations occurring prior to the first reconstruction event) were within 3% of the total life-cycle costs of the continuous preservation strategy. Hence, the break-even point occurs when two to three rehabilitation treatments are performed prior to reconstruction.

scholarly journals 239 Setting Bones and Getting Home: The Impact of a New Orthogeriatric Service

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii17-iii65
Author(s):  
Robert Murphy ◽  
Catriona Reddin ◽  
Aoife Dempsey ◽  
Bláithín Kissane ◽  
Ruairi Waters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Hip Fractures ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Orthopaedic Ward ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Orthogeriatric services have been shown to improve quality of care for older patients post hip fracture and have an impact on length of stay (LOS), both acutely and in the rehab setting(1) but other key performance indicators (KPIs) have not been examined in detail. Methods Data was prospectively collected on all hip fracture patients seen by the Orthogeriatric service from Aug 2018-Feb 2019 and was retrospectively compared with patients admitted with hip fractures from Aug 2017-Feb 2018. We examined KPIs including LOS on the orthopaedic ward, rehab admissions, rehab LOS, new nursing home (NH) admissions. We compared the proportions discharged directly home instead of to convalescence, and conducted a preliminary cost benefit analysis. Results Similar numbers of patients were seen in each time period (n=146 v n=139). Mean reduction in LOS on the orthopedic ward was 3.5 days (15.5 days vs 19 days). The proportion of patients admitted to rehabilitation increased from 8.8% to 17.5% (p = 0.02). Patients got to rehabilitation faster and for those patients who availed of rehabilitation they had significantly shorter total length of stays (51.1 days vs 71.6 days, p=0.029). Fewer patients went to convalescence. Although not statistically significant there was a trend towards an increased proportion of patients discharged directly home (32.7% to 43.6%) and less new nursing home admissions (6.8% vs 8.4%). A cost benefit analysis incorporating shortened acute and rehab LOS and a reduction in spending on convalescence resulted in a projected saving of €480,390 over a six month period. Conclusion Introduction of OrthoGeriatric services has improved care for older people with hip fractures and has resulted in positive improvements to KPIs, resulting in meaningful improvements in clinical outcomes for patients in a cost effective manner. Monies saved should be redirected into further developing orthogeriatric services.

Cost-effective upgrading of the Arnsberg WWTP by post denitrification with a moving bed system

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
N. Jardin ◽  
L. Rath ◽  
A. Sabin ◽  
F. Schmitt ◽  
D. Thöle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Biological Process ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Trickling Filters ◽  
Sludge Hydrolysis ◽  
Effective Integration

On the basis of a cost-benefit analysis it was decided to expand the Arnsberg WWTP by a multistage biological process which allows for cost-effective integration of the existing facilities. Carbon removal will then be accomplished in a high-loaded activated sludge stage for which the existing primary clarifier is to be reconstructed. The existing trickling filters will be used for nitrification during a midterm period and will be replaced later on either by a moving bed system or by new trickling filters. Line 3 of the existing secondary clarifiers will be reconstructed and used for post denitrification in a moving bed system. The carbon needed for denitrification will be provided by means of sludge hydrolysis and the use of an external carbon source.

Medical readiness: evaluating the robustness of medical clinic staffing solutions

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-419
Author(s):  
Michael Q Corpuz ◽  
Christina F Rusnock ◽  
Vhance V Valencia ◽  
Kyle Oyama
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Wait Time ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Wait Times ◽  
Staffing Mix

Medical readiness requires Department of Defense medical clinics to be robust to changes in patient demand. Minor fluctuations in patient demand occur on a regular basis, but major increases can also occur. Major demand increases can result from a number of occurrences, including mass military deployments, medical incidents, outbreaks, and overflow from Veterans’ Affairs clinics. This research evaluates a system of clinics at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in order to determine its ability to handle a 200% surge in patient demand. In addition, this study evaluates the relative effectiveness of six different staffing mix options to minimize patient wait times, also under the surge demand conditions. This evaluation is conducted using discrete-event simulation to estimate patient wait times and includes a sensitivity analysis of the increased patient demand, as well as a cost–benefit analysis to determine the most cost-effective alternative scenario. The study finds that adjustments to staffing mix enable cost savings while meeting current demands. In addition, the study finds that adjusting the staffing mix will not have a negative impact on patient wait time in the surge conditions, relative to the current staffing mix.

scholarly journals Cost–effectiveness and cost-benefit analysis of oliceridine in the treatment of acute pain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kit N Simpson ◽  
Michael J Fossler ◽  
Linda Wase ◽  
Mark A Demitrack
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Protein Signaling ◽  
Opioid Receptor Agonist ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Μ Opioid Receptor ◽  
The Cost

Aim: Oliceridine, a new class of μ-opioid receptor agonist, is selective for G-protein signaling (analgesia) with limited recruitment of β-arrestin (associated with adverse outcomes) and may provide a cost-effective alternative versus conventional opioid morphine for postoperative pain. Patients & methods: Using a decision tree with a 24-h time horizon, we calculated costs for medication and management of three most common adverse events (AEs; oxygen saturation <90%, vomiting and somnolence) following postoperative oliceridine or morphine use. Results: Using oliceridine, the cost for managing AEs was US$528,424 versus $852,429 for morphine, with a net cost savings of $324,005. Conclusion: Oliceridine has a favorable overall impact on the total cost of postoperative care compared with the use of the conventional opioid morphine.

scholarly journals 5G Wireless/Wired Convergence of UFMC Based Modulation for Intensity Modulation Direct Detection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keerthivasan K ◽  
Shibu S
Keyword(s):  
Network Architecture ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Implementation Model ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Media Applications

Faster data speeds, shorter end-to-end latencies, improved end-user service efficiency, and a wider range of multi-media applications are expected with the new 5G wireless services. The dramatic increase in the number of base stations required to meet these criteria, which undermines the low-cost constraints imposed by operators, demonstrates the need for a paradigm shift in modern network architecture. Alternative formats will be required for next-generation architectures, where simplicity is the primary goal. The number of connections is expected to increase rapidly, breaking the inherent complexity of traditional coherent solutions and lowering the resulting cost percentage. A novel implementation model is used to migrate complex-nature modulation structures in a highly efficient and cost-effective manner. Theoretical work to analyses modulations’ behavior over a wired/fiber setup and wireless mode is also provided. The state-of-the-art computational complexity, simplicity, and ease of execution while maintaining efficiency throughput and bit error rate.

A low-cost mixed fullerene acceptor blend for printed electronics

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (26) ◽  
pp. 10274-10281 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Cooling ◽  
E. F. Barnes ◽  
F. Almyahi ◽  
K. Feron ◽  
M. F. Al-Mudhaffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Printed Electronics ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Reaction Yield ◽  
And Performance

The synthesis and performance of a cost-effective mixed fullerene at the 100+ g scale with a reaction yield of 85% is demonstrated.

Implementing Corporate Distance Training Using Change Management, Strategic Planning and Project Management

2000 ◽  
pp. 39-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zane L. Berge ◽  
Donna L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Project Management ◽  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Change Management ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Technology Enhanced Learning ◽  
Distance Training ◽  
Geographically Dispersed ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
And Performance

As businesses expand to become more globally competitive, their needs grow to train geographically dispersed employees in a cost- effective manner. What must businesses do to implement distance education? An important role of the training and performance specialists in business is to help management solve complex problems within an organization. Still, distance education is usually not accomplished by a single group within an organization, nor through a single process. To change the way training is done, performance managers must use what is known about change management, strategic planning and project management in order to successfully implement technology-enhanced learning globally. One of the methods being used increasingly in the workplace is distance training.

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