scholarly journals Fecal Microbial Diversity and Structure Are Associated with Diet Quality in the Multiethnic Cohort Adiposity Phenotype Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (9) ◽  
pp. 1575-1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gertraud Maskarinec ◽  
Meredith A J Hullar ◽  
Kristine R Monroe ◽  
John A Shepherd ◽  
Jeani Hunt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Clinic Visit ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Index ◽  
Multiethnic Cohort

ABSTRACT Background Variation in gut microbial community structure is partly attributed to variations in diet. A priori dietary indexes capture diet quality and have been associated with chronic disease risk. Objectives The aim of this study was to examine the association of diet quality, as assessed by the Healthy Eating Index, Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010, alternate Mediterranean Diet, and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Trial, with measures of fecal microbial community structure assessed in the Adiposity Phenotype Study (APS), an ethnically diverse study population with varied food intakes. Methods Multiethnic Cohort Study members completed a validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire (QFFQ) at cohort entry (1993–1996) and, for the APS subset, at clinic visit (2013–2015), when they also provided a stool sample. DNA was extracted from stool, and the V1-V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced. Dietary index scores were computed based on the QFFQ and an extensive nutritional database. Using linear regression adjusted for relevant covariates, we estimated associations of dietary quality with microbiome measures and computed adjusted mean values of microbial measures by tertiles of dietary index scores. Results The 858 men and 877 women of white, Japanese American, Latino, Native Hawaiian, and African American ancestry had a mean age of 69.2 years at stool collection. Alpha diversity according to the Shannon index increased by 1–2% across tertiles of all 4 diet indexes measured at clinic visit. The mean relative abundance of the phylum Actinobacteria was 13–19% lower with higher diet quality across all 4 indexes (difference between tertile 3 and tertile 1 divided by tertile 1). Of the 104 bacterial genera tested, 21 (primarily from the phylum Firmicutes) were positively associated with at least 1 index after Bonferroni adjustment. Conclusion Diet quality was strongly associated with fecal microbial alpha diversity and beta diversity and several genera previously associated with human health.

scholarly journals Disentangling race, environment and the microbiome in a study of preterm birth risk

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Sun ◽  
Myrna Serrano ◽  
Jennifer Fettweis ◽  
Patricia Basta ◽  
Emma Rosen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
White Women ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Term Birth ◽  
Lower Abundance ◽  
Microbial Biomarkers

Abstract Previous studies have investigated the associations between the vaginal microbiome and preterm birth (PTB), with the aim of determining whether differences in community patterns meaningfully alter risk, and could therefore be the target of intervention. We report on vaginal microbial analysis on a subset of the Pregnancy, Infection, and Nutrition (PIN) Study, a prospectively enrolled cohort of women in central North Carolina between 1995-2001. We selected a nested case-control subset of this cohort, including 464 White women (375 term birth and 89 spontaneous PTB, sPTB) and 360 Black women (276 term birth and 84 sPTB). Microbial DNA was extracted from genital track swabs collected mid-pregnancy, and subjected to 16S rRNA taxonomic profiling. We found that microbial community structure is associated with race and sPTB, although the influence of race is stronger than the influence of sPTB. The microbiome of Black women has higher alpha-diversity, higher abundance of Lactobacillus iners and lower abundance of Lactobacillus crispatus. These differences were obscured once maternal douching behavior was considered—specifically, among women who douche, there were no significant differences in microbiome by race. The sPTB associated microbiome exhibited a lower abundance of L. crispatus, while alpha diversity and L. iners were not significantly different. Associations between the microbiome and sPTB were only significant in women who do not douche. While race was a strong predictor of microbial community structure, we also observed strong intercorrelations between a range of maternal factors, including poverty, education, marital status, age, douching and race, with microbiome effect sizes in the range of 1.8-5.2% in univariate models. Therefore, race may simply be a proxy for other socially driven factors that differentiate microbiome community structures. Future work will continue to refine reliable microbial biomarkers for preterm birth across diverse cohorts.

scholarly journals Diet Quality Association with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Cirrhosis Status: The Multiethnic Cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Song-Yi Park ◽  
Mazen Noureddin ◽  
Carol Boushey ◽  
Lynne R Wilkens ◽  
Veronica W Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Multiethnic Cohort

ABSTRACT Background Epidemiological data on the role of overall dietary patterns in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are limited, especially from population-based prospective studies. Objectives We investigated the associations between dietary patterns assessed by predefined diet quality indexes (DQIs) and NAFLD risk by cirrhosis status in African Americans, Japanese Americans, Latinos, Native Hawaiians, and whites from the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC). Methods A nested case-control analysis was conducted within the MEC. NAFLD cases were identified by linkage to 1999–2016 Medicare claims. Four DQIs—Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010, alternate Mediterranean diet score, and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score—were calculated from a validated FFQ administered at baseline. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the ORs and 95% CIs with adjustment for multiple covariates. Results Analyses included 2959 NAFLD cases (509 with cirrhosis; 2450 without cirrhosis) and 29,292 matched controls. Higher scores for HEI-2015 (i.e., highest compared with lowest quintile OR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.94; P for trend = 0.002) and DASH (OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.89; P for trend < 0.001), reflecting favorable adherence to a healthful diet, were inversely associated with NAFLD risk. Whereas there were no differences by sex or race/ethnicity, the inverse association was stronger for NAFLD with cirrhosis than for NAFLD without cirrhosis (P for heterogeneity = 0.03 for HEI-2015 and 0.05 for DASH). Conclusions Higher HEI-2015 and DASH scores were inversely associated with NAFLD risk in this ethnically diverse population. The findings suggest that having better diet quality may reduce NAFLD risk with more benefit to NAFLD with cirrhosis.

scholarly journals The role of macrobiota in structuring microbial communities along rocky shores

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A Pfister ◽  
Jack A Gilbert ◽  
Sean M Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Rocky Shore ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Rocky Shores ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Habitat Specificity ◽  
Microbial Habitat ◽  
Inert Surfaces

Rocky shore microbial diversity presents an excellent system to test for microbial habitat specificity or generality, enabling us to decipher how common macrobiota shape microbial community structure. At two coastal locations in the northeast Pacific Ocean, we show that microbial composition was significantly different between inert surfaces, the biogenic surfaces that included rocky shore animals and an alga, and the water column plankton. While all sampled entities had a core of common OTUs, rare OTUs drove differences among biotic and abiotic substrates. For the mussel Mytilus californianus, the shell surface harbored greater alpha diversity compared to internal tissues of the gill and siphon. Strikingly, a 7-year experimental removal of this mussel from tidepools did not significantly alter the microbial community structure of microbes associated with inert surfaces when compared with unmanipulated tidepools. However, bacterial taxa associated with nitrate reduction had greater relative abundance with mussels present, suggesting an impact of increased animal-derived nitrogen on a subset of microbial metabolism. Because the presence of mussels did not affect the structure and diversity of the microbial community on adjacent inert substrates, microbes in this rocky shore environment may be predominantly affected through direct physical association with macrobiota.

scholarly journals Diet Quality and Risk of Lung Cancer in the Multiethnic Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1614
Author(s):  
Song-Yi Park ◽  
Carol J. Boushey ◽  
Yurii B. Shvetsov ◽  
Michael D. Wirth ◽  
Nitin Shivappa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dash Score ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Multiethnic Cohort

Diet quality, assessed by the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010), the alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMED) score, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score, and the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®), was examined in relation to risk of lung cancer in the Multiethnic Cohort Study. The analysis included 179,318 African Americans, Native Hawaiians, Japanese Americans, Latinos, and Whites aged 45–75 years, with 5350 incident lung cancer cases during an average follow-up of 17.5 ± 5.4 years. In multivariable Cox models comprehensively adjusted for cigarette smoking, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the highest vs. lowest quality group based on quintiles were as follows: 0.85 (0.77–0.93) for HEI-2015; 0.84 (0.77–0.92) for AHEI-2010; 0.83 (0.76–0.91) for aMED; 0.83 (0.73–0.91) for DASH; and 0.90 (0.82–0.99) for DII. In histological cell type-specific analyses, the inverse association was stronger for squamous cell carcinoma than for adeno-, small cell, and large cell carcinomas for all indexes. There was no indication of differences in associations by sex, race/ethnicity, and smoking status. These findings support that high-quality diets are associated with lower risk of lung cancer, especially squamous cell carcinomas, in a multiethnic population.

scholarly journals The role of macrobiota in structuring microbial communities along rocky shores

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A Pfister ◽  
Jack A Gilbert ◽  
Sean M Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Rocky Shore ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Rocky Shores ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Habitat Specificity ◽  
Microbial Habitat ◽  
Inert Surfaces

Rocky shore microbial diversity presents an excellent system to test for microbial habitat specificity or generality, enabling us to decipher how common macrobiota shape microbial community structure. At two coastal locations in the northeast Pacific Ocean, we show that microbial composition was significantly different between inert surfaces, the biogenic surfaces that included rocky shore animals and an alga, and the water column plankton. While all sampled entities had a core of common OTUs, rare OTUs drove differences among biotic and abiotic substrates. For the mussel Mytilus californianus, the shell surface harbored greater alpha diversity compared to internal tissues of the gill and siphon. Strikingly, a 7-year experimental removal of this mussel from tidepools did not significantly alter the microbial community structure of microbes associated with inert surfaces when compared with unmanipulated tidepools. However, bacterial taxa associated with nitrate reduction had greater relative abundance with mussels present, suggesting an impact of increased animal-derived nitrogen on a subset of microbial metabolism. Because the presence of mussels did not affect the structure and diversity of the microbial community on adjacent inert substrates, microbes in this rocky shore environment may be predominantly affected through direct physical association with macrobiota.

scholarly journals Effects of Freezing-Thawing on Microbial Community Structure in the Soil of Old Apple Orchards

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Haiyan Wang ◽  
Rong Zhang ◽  
Weitao Jiang ◽  
Yunfei Mao ◽  
Xuesen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
The Relationship

The study here aimed to investigate the effects of pre-winter ditching and freezing-thawing on soil microbial structure in different soil layers of old apple orchards. A total of 30 samples were obtained from 3 Nov. 2016 to 9 Mar. 2017. The relative abundance, alpha diversity, community structure of fungi, and the relationship between environmental factors and microbial community structure were analyzed, and the greenhouse experiments were used for further verification. Results showed that the number of actinomycete and total bacterial colonies decreased, whereas the number of fungi sustained decreased, resulting in a higher bacteria/fungi ratio. The percentage of Fusarium initially decreased, then later increased by 11.38%, 3.469%, 2.35%, 2.29%, and 3.09%. However, Fusarium levels were still 9% lower on 9 Mar. 2017 that on 3 Nov. 2016. Both the abundance and diversity of the community were higher in the upper soil than in the lower. The main environmental factor contributing to the percentage of Fusarium change was average temperature (AT), although highest temperature (HT) and water content (WC) also had an impact. The Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings growing in lower soil were more vigorous than that in upper soil. In sum, pre-winter ditching and freezing-thawing in old apple orchards can reduce the abundance percentage of harmful Fusarium and promote the growth of M. hupehensis Rehd. seedlings.

scholarly journals Changes in Diet Quality over 10 Years Are Associated with Baseline Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Factors in the Multiethnic Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (7) ◽  
pp. 1880-1888
Author(s):  
Song-Yi Park ◽  
Yurii B Shvetsov ◽  
Minji Kang ◽  
Veronica Wendy Setiawan ◽  
Lynne R Wilkens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Japanese American ◽  
Dash Score ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Multiethnic Cohort ◽  
Multiethnic Population

ABSTRACT Background Trends in diet quality among US adults indicate a steady improvement, but data on longitudinal individual-level changes in diet quality are still limited. Objective We examined changes in diet quality over 10 y and sought to determine whether baseline sociodemographic and lifestyle factors predicted the changes in a multiethnic population. Methods Data were from 63,255 African American, Native Hawaiian, Japanese American, Latino, and white men and women (45–75 y old at baseline) in the Multiethnic Cohort, who completed a quantitative food frequency questionnaire at baseline (1993–1996) and 10-y follow-up (2003–2007) and had no prevalent cancer or heart disease at either survey. Overall diet quality was measured by use of the Healthy Eating Index–2015 (HEI-2015), the Alternative Healthy Eating Index–2010 (AHEI-2010), the alternate Mediterranean Diet score, and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score. We used a general linear model with adjustment for covariates to compare diet quality changes by baseline characteristics in men and women separately. Results Overall diet quality improved over 10 y by 3.2 points in men and 2.9 in women assessed using the HEI-2015, although scores for some components worsened (saturated and trans fats, indicating increased intake) or remained unchanged at a low quality level (whole grains, dairy, and sodium). In multivariable models where changes in HEI-2015, AHEI-2010, and DASH were harmonized to a 100-point score, greater increases in scores in both men and women were found for Japanese American ethnicity (increase by 0.5–4.7 in the 3 scores, P < 0.03), higher education (by 0.5–1.5, P ≤ 0.001), normal weight (BMI 18.5 to <25, by 0.6–2.5, P ≤ 0.01), nonsmoking (by 1.5–2.7, P < 0.001), higher moderate/vigorous physical activity level (by 0.3–0.8, P ≤ 0.04), and multivitamin use (by 0.4–0.7, P < 0.001) at baseline. Conclusions Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, closely associated with diet quality, also predicted subsequent changes in diet quality over time in this multiethnic population.

Long-term Association between Diet Quality and Characteristics of the Gut Microbiome in the Multiethnic Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Erica Ma ◽  
Gertraud Maskarinec ◽  
Unhee Lim ◽  
Carol J. Boushey ◽  
Lynne R. Wilkens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Multiethnic Cohort

Abstract As past usual diet quality may affect gut microbiome (GM) composition, we examined the association of the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 assessed 21 and 9 years before stool collection with measures of fecal microbial composition in a subset of the Multiethnic Cohort. A total of 5,936 participants completed a validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire (QFFQ) at cohort entry (Q1, 1993-96), 5,280 at follow-up (Q3, 2003-08), and 1,685 also at a second follow-up (Adiposity Phenotype Study (APS), 2013–16). All participants provided a stool sample in 2013-2016. Fecal microbial composition was obtained from 16S rRNA gene sequencing (V1-V3 region). HEI-2015 scores were computed based on each QFFQ. Using linear regression adjusted for relevant covariates, we calculated associations of HEI-2015 scores with gut microbial diversity and 152 individual genera. The mean HEI-2015 scores increased from Q1 (67±10) to Q3 (71±11) and APS (72±10). Alpha diversity assessed by the Shannon Index was significantly higher with increasing tertiles of HEI-2015. Of the 152 bacterial genera tested, seven (Anaerostipes, Coprococcus_2, Eubacterium eligens, Lachnospira, Lachnospiraceae_ND3007, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-013, and Ruminococcus_1) were positively and five (Collinsella, Parabacteroides, Ruminiclostridium_5, Ruminococcus gnavus, and Tyzzerella) were inversely associated with HEI-2015 assessed in Q1, Q3, and APS. The estimates of change per unit of the HEI-2015 score associated with the abundance of these 12 genera were consistent across the three questionnaires. The quality of past diet, assessed as far as ˜20 years before stool collection, is equally predictive of GM composition as concurrently assessed diet, indicative of the long-term consistency of this relation.

scholarly journals Association of Diet Quality and Breast Cancer Incidence in the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 318-318
Author(s):  
Rica Dela Cruz ◽  
Song-Yi Park ◽  
Yurii Shvetsov ◽  
Carol Boushey ◽  
Kristine Monroe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Native Hawaiians ◽  
Multiethnic Cohort

Abstract Objectives Healthy eating patterns assessed by diet quality indexes (DQIs) have been related to lower risk of cancer incidence and mortality; however, the association between DQIs and breast cancer risk is still unclear. This study investigated the relation of DQIs with breast cancer incidence among diverse women from the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC). Methods At baseline (1993–1996), 101,291 female participants of five major racial/ethnic groups (African Americans, Native Hawaiians, Japanese Americans, Latinos and whites) aged 45–75 years completed a survey including a validated food frequency questionnaire. Scores for Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015), Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI-2010), alternate Mediterranean diet score (aMED), and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score were calculated and divided into quintiles (Q1-Q5). Cox regression was applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between DQIs and breast cancer risk, with adjustment for known risk factors including body mass index (BMI) among others. Results During a mean follow-up of 17.4 years, 7769 breast cancer cases were identified through linkage to tumor registries. The respective HRs for Q5 vs. Q1 were: 1.06 (95% CI, 0.98–1.14) for HEI-2015, 0.96 (95% CI, 0.90–1.04) for AHEI-2010, 1.01 (95% CI, 0.94–1.09) for aMED, and 0.95 (95% CI, 0.88–1.02) for DASH. No significant dose-response relations of DQIs with breast cancer risk were observed (all Ptrend ≥ 0.07). HRs analyzed by ethnic group also resulted in null findings with no significant dose-response relations and no significant Q5 vs. Q1 associations of DQIs with breast cancer risk (all Ptrend ≥ 0.14). For example, the respective HRs for the HEI-2015 by race/ethnicity were: 0.96 (95% CI, 0.81–1.14) for African Americans, 1.15 (95% CI, 0.90–1.46) for Native Hawaiians, 1.02 (95% CI, 0.89–1.17) for Japanese, 1.08 (95% CI, 0.88–1.33) for Latinas, and 1.08 (95% CI, 0.92–1.27) for whites. Conclusions Although adherence to DQIs was not associated with breast cancer risk overall or within racial/ethnic groups, nutrition remains important in breast cancer prevention as obesity, a strong modifiable risk factor, may be influenced by diet quality. Funding Sources This work was supported by grants from the National Cancer Institute.

scholarly journals Changes in diet quality and body weight over 10 years: the Multiethnic Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Minji Kang ◽  
Carol J. Boushey ◽  
Yurii B. Shvetsov ◽  
Veronica W. Setiawan ◽  
Hee-Young Paik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Multiethnic Cohort ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Over Time

Abstract High-quality diets have been found to be beneficial in preventing long-term weight gain. However, concurrent changes in diet quality and body weight over time have rarely been reported. We examined the association between 10-year changes in diet quality and body weight in the Multiethnic Cohort Study. Analyses included 53 977 African Americans, Native Hawaiians, Japanese Americans, Latinos and Whites, who completed both baseline (1993–1996, 45–69 years) and 10-year follow-up (2003–2008) surveys including a FFQ and had no history of heart disease or cancer. Using multivariable regression, weight changes were regressed on changes in four diet quality indexes, Healthy Eating Index-2015, Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010, alternate Mediterranean Diet and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension scores. Mean weight change over 10 years was 1·2 (sd 6·8) kg in men and 1·5 (sd 7·2) kg in women. Compared with stable diet quality (< 0·5 sd change), the greatest increase (≥ 1 sd increase) in the diet scores was associated with less weight gain (by 0·55–1·17 kg in men and 0·62–1·31 kg in women). Smaller weight gain with improvement in diet quality was found in most subgroups by race/ethnicity, baseline age and baseline BMI. The inverse association was stronger in younger age and higher BMI groups. Ten-year improvement in diet quality was associated with a smaller weight gain, which varied by race/ethnicity and baseline age and BMI. Our findings suggest that maintaining a high-quality diet and improving diet quality over time may prevent excessive weight gain.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document