Method Matters: Comparing Cancer-Related Adjustment of Siblings to Norms and Well-matched Peers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saori C Tomatsu ◽  
Caroline Stanley ◽  
Rowena Conroy ◽  
Melissa A Alderfer
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Children With Cancer ◽  
Standardized Measures ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective  The purpose of this study was to better understand conflicting findings in the literature regarding the adjustment of siblings of children with cancer by examining, in a single sample, differences in patterns of results as a function of reporter and comparator used (i.e., population norms, demographically matched classmates). Method  Self- and parent-report standardized measures of depression, anxiety, and behavioral problems were collected for 67 siblings and 67 demographically matched classmates. Comparisons were made to norms and controls. Results  Siblings consistently demonstrated poorer psychosocial functioning than their demographically matched peers across all measures but their scores did not differ from norms. A significantly greater percentage of siblings fell outside the normal range than that expected in the general population for parent-reported total and internalizing problems, but not for externalizing problems or the self-report measures. Conclusions  Findings regarding the psychological adjustment of siblings of children with cancer differ according to the research methods used. It is important to use rigorous methods such as demographically matched peer comparisons when investigating the impact of childhood cancer on siblings.

The impact of child maltreatment and psychopathology on neuroendocrine functioning

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 783-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANTE CICCHETTI ◽  
FRED A. ROGOSCH
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Problems ◽  
Maltreated Children ◽  
Clinical Level ◽  
Neuroendocrine Functioning ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

Cortisol regulation was investigated in a sample of school-aged maltreated (n = 167) and demographically comparable low-income nonmaltreated (n = 204) boys and girls in the context of a day camp research program. The presence of clinical-level internalizing and clinical-level externalizing symptomatology was determined through adult report and child self report. Children who exhibited clinical-level internalizing problems only, clinical-level externalizing problems only, and comorbid clinical-level internalizing and externalizing problems were identified. Clinical-level cases were more prevalent among the maltreated children. Maltreated children with clinical-level internalizing problems were distinguished by higher morning, afternoon, and average daily cortisol levels across the week of camp attendance. In contrast, nonmaltreated boys with clinical-level externalizing problems emerged as distinct in terms of low levels of morning and average daily levels of cortisol. Maltreated children with comorbid clinical-level internalizing and externalizing problems were more likely not to show the expected diurnal decrease in cortisol. The findings are discussed in terms of the joint impact of maltreatment and different forms of psychopathology on neuroendocrine regulation.

Identification and Utility of a Short Form of the Pediatric Symptom Checklist-Youth Self-Report (PSC-17-Y)

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Paul Bergmann ◽  
Cara Lucke ◽  
Theresa Nguyen ◽  
Michael Jellinek ◽  
John Michael Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Symptom Checklist ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Youth Self Report ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Pediatric Symptom Checklist ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses

Abstract. The Pediatric Symptom Checklist-Youth self-report (PSC-Y) is a 35-item measure of adolescent psychosocial functioning that uses the same items as the original parent report version of the PSC. Since a briefer (17-item) version of the parent PSC has been validated, this paper explored whether a subset of items could be used to create a brief form of the PSC-Y. Data were collected on more than 19,000 youth who completed the PSC-Y online as a self-screen offered by Mental Health America. Exploratory factor analyses (EFAs) were first conducted to identify and evaluate candidate solutions and their factor structures. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were then conducted to determine how well the data fit the candidate models. Tests of measurement invariance across gender were conducted on the selected solution. The EFAs and CFAs suggested that a three-factor short form with 17 items is a viable and most parsimonious solution and met criteria for scalar invariance across gender. Since the 17 items used on the parent PSC short form were close to the best fit found for any subsets of items on the PSC-Y, the same items used on the parent PSC-17 are recommended for the PSC-Y short form.

The trajectories of child’s internalizing and externalizing problems, social competence and adolescent self-reported problems in a Finnish normal population sample

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 561-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Korhonen ◽  
Ilona Luoma ◽  
Raili K. Salmelin ◽  
Mika Helminen ◽  
Riittakerttu Kaltiala-Heino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Competence ◽  
School Psychologists ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Problems ◽  
High Level ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

Group-based modeling techniques are increasingly used in developmental studies to explore the patterns and co-occurrence of internalizing and externalizing problems. Social competence has been found to reciprocally influence internalizing and externalizing problems, but studies on its associations with different patterns of these problems are scarce. Using data from a Finnish longitudinal normal population sample, trajectories of internalizing and externalizing problems were formed using the Child Behavior Checklist completed by the mother at the child’s age of 4- to 5-years-old, 8- to 9-years-old, and 16- to 17-years-old ( N = 261). The results indicate that adolescent’s self-reported internalizing and externalizing problems based on the Youth Self Report were associated with the trajectories of internalizing and externalizing problems. Social competence both in early childhood and in adolescence was poorer among children with chronic internalizing problems and among those with adolescent-onset externalizing problems. One-third of the children who had a chronically high level of internalizing problems had an initially high but decreasing level of externalizing problems, while 33% of the adolescents with adolescent-onset externalizing problems had a chronically high level of internalizing problems. School psychologists are encouraged to screen for internalizing problems from children with behavioral, academic or social problems.

scholarly journals Passive Sensing of Preteens’ Smartphone Use: An Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Cohort Substudy (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Wade ◽  
Joseph M Ortigara ◽  
Ryan M Sullivan ◽  
Rachel L Tomko ◽  
Florence J Breslin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Objective Measurement ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Objective Data ◽  
Passive Sensing ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Screen Use

BACKGROUND Concerns abound regarding childhood smartphone use, but studies to date have largely relied on self-reported screen use. Self-reporting of screen use is known to be misreported by pediatric samples and their parents, limiting the accurate determination of the impact of screen use on social, emotional, and cognitive development. Thus, a more passive, objective measurement of smartphone screen use among children is needed. OBJECTIVE This study aims to passively sense smartphone screen use by time and types of apps used in a pilot sample of children and to assess the feasibility of passive sensing in a larger longitudinal sample. METHODS The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study used passive, objective phone app methods for assessing smartphone screen use over 4 weeks in 2019-2020 in a subsample of 67 participants (aged 11-12 years; 31/67, 46% female; 23/67, 34% White). Children and their parents both reported average smartphone screen use before and after the study period, and they completed a questionnaire regarding the acceptability of the study protocol. Descriptive statistics for smartphone screen use, app use, and protocol feasibility and acceptability were reviewed. Analyses of variance were run to assess differences in categorical app use by demographics. Self-report and parent report were correlated with passive sensing data. RESULTS Self-report of smartphone screen use was partly consistent with objective measurement (<i>r</i>=0.49), although objective data indicated that children used their phones more than they reported. Passive sensing revealed the most common types of apps used were for streaming (mean 1 hour 57 minutes per day, SD 1 hour 32 minutes), communication (mean 48 minutes per day, SD 1 hour 17 minutes), gaming (mean 41 minutes per day, SD 41 minutes), and social media (mean 36 minutes per day, SD 1 hour 7 minutes). Passive sensing of smartphone screen use was generally acceptable to children (43/62, 69%) and parents (53/62, 85%). CONCLUSIONS The results of passive, objective sensing suggest that children use their phones more than they self-report. Therefore, use of more robust methods for objective data collection is necessary and feasible in pediatric samples. These data may then more accurately reflect the impact of smartphone screen use on behavioral and emotional functioning. Accordingly, the ABCD study is implementing a passive sensing protocol in the full ABCD cohort. Taken together, passive assessment with a phone app provided objective, low-burden, novel, informative data about preteen smartphone screen use. CLINICALTRIAL

scholarly journals Psychosocial Functioning of Young Children Treated for Cancer: Findings From a Clinical Sample

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Lauren E. Cox ◽  
Ansley E. Kenney ◽  
Jennifer L. Harman ◽  
Niki Jurbergs ◽  
Andrew E. Molnar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Behavioral Symptoms ◽  
Children With Cancer ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Pediatric Cancers

Objectives: Many pediatric cancers are diagnosed in early childhood, a time of significant growth and development that lays the foundations for overall adjustment and functioning. The objective of this article was to characterize the psychosocial functioning of young children with cancer. Method: Data from a sample of young children with cancer ( N = 92) who completed a psychological evaluation that included the Behavior Assessment Scale for Children–second edition (BASC-2) parent report were abstracted from the medical record. Patients were primarily White (70.7%), male (54.3%), and 4.81 ± 0.89 years old at evaluation. Most were treated for brain tumors (64.1%). Results: Overall group means on each of the BASC-2 subscales were within normal limits, though significantly more patients than expected had elevated scores on the Internalizing and Behavioral Symptoms indexes. Patients who were on-treatment had higher mean overall Internalizing Problems scores, as well as greater Anxiety and Somatization scores, than those who were off-treatment (Wilks’s λ = 0.75, p < .001). Patients treated for brain tumors had lower mean Activities of Daily Living scores than those with other diagnoses ( F = 15.81, p < .001). Conclusions: Findings from this clinically referred sample indicate that while most young children with cancer are doing well psychosocially, approximately 20% to 30% demonstrated difficulties in at least one area. Findings support the need for monitoring of young children with cancer as well as appropriate intervention services.

Impact of Perceived Social Support on Mental Health, Quality of Life, and Disability in Post–9/11 U.S. Military Veterans

2020 ◽  
pp. 0095327X2091992
Author(s):  
Eric Proescher ◽  
Darrin M. Aase ◽  
Holly M. Passi ◽  
Justin E. Greenstein ◽  
Christopher Schroth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Support Group ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
The Impact

This study examined the impact of perceived social support on mental health and psychosocial functioning in combat veterans after military deployment, including veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and veterans with comorbid PTSD and alcohol use disorder. Veterans ( n = 139; female = 23) completed self-report and clinician-administered measures of social support, mental and physical health, functional impairment, and quality of life. The cohort was divided into high, medium, and low perceived social support based on averages of the total score from the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Relative to the low perceived social support group, the high perceived social support group reported fewer symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, and depression. The high perceived social support group also reported a more diverse and embedded social network, less disability, and better quality of life. Of note, the high and low perceived social support groups did not differ on age, gender, education, race ethnicity, or combat trauma exposure. These findings highlight that perceived social support may play an important role in the treatment of postwar veterans as they transition back to civilian life.

scholarly journals Διαπολιτισμικές συγκρίσεις του διαδικτυακού εκφοβισμού (cyberbullying) μεταξύ ευρωπαϊκών χωρών

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Καλλιόπη Αθανασίου
Keyword(s):  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Youth Self Report

Εισαγωγή και Σκοπός: Η αυξανόμενη χρήση του Διαδικτύου και των ιστοσελίδων κοινωνικής δικτύωσης έχει δημιουργήσει ένα νέο έδαφος για την κοινωνικο-συναισθηματική ανάπτυξη των εφήβων. Ο στόχος της παρούσας συγχρονικής μελέτης είναι η διερεύνηση του επιπολασμού της διαδικτυακής θυματοποίησης σε επτά Ευρωπαϊκές χώρες, σε σχέση με κοινωνικο-δημογραφικές και ψυχοκοινωνικές μεταβλητές καθώς και σε σχέση με τη χρήση του διαδικτύου. Υλικό και Μέθοδος: Μία συγχρονική σχολική μελέτη πραγματοποιήθηκε στις συμμετέχουσες χώρες: Γερμανία, Ελλάδα, Ισλανδία, Ολλανδία, Πολωνία, Ρουμανία και Ισπανία. Αυτό-αναφερόμενα ανώνυμα ερωτηματολόγια περιελάμβαναν κοινωνικο-δημογραφικά στοιχεία, χαρακτηριστικά διαδικτυακής χρήσης, σχολική επίδοση, γονεϊκό έλεγχο, ερωτηματολόγιο για τον διαδικτυακό εθισμό και τα συναισθηματικά και συμπεριφορικά προβλήματα εκτιμήθηκαν με την Κλίμακα Εκτίμησης της Ψυχοκοινωνικής Κατάστασης Youth Self Report (ΥSR). Για την εύρεση ανεξάρτητων παραγόντων που σχετίζονται με το διαδικτυακό εκφοβισμό σε κάθε χώρα έγιναν μοντέλα μονοπαραγοντικής και πολυπαραγοντικής λογαριθμιστικής παλινδρόμησης. Αποτελέσματα: Τα υψηλότερα ποσοστά επιπολασμού της διαδκτυακής θυματοποίησης εντοπίστηκαν στη Ρουμανία ενώ τα χαμηλότερα στην Ισπανία. Πολλαπλές αναλύσεις λογιστικής παλινδρόμησης έδωσαν διαφορετικά αποτελέσματα μεταξύ των χωρών. Στη Ρουμανία, την Πολωνία και τη Γερμανία η θυματοποίηση μέσω διαδικτυακού εκφοβισμού συνδέθηκε με τη χρήση των κοινωνικών δικτύων, ενώ η χρήση του διαδικτύου συνδέθηκε με αυξημένες πιθανότητες διαδικτυακής θυματοποίησης μόνο στη Ρουμανία. Η διαδικτυακή θυματοποίηση συνδέθηκε με μεγαλύτερου βαθμού με συμπεριφορές εσωτερικευμένων προβλημάτων (internalizing problems) σε όλες τις χώρες που αναλύθηκαν και με συμπεριφορές εξωτερικευμένων προβλημάτων (externalizing problems) σε όλες τις χώρες εκτός της Ρουμανίας. Συμπεράσματα: Η διαδικτυακή θυματοποίηση είναι πρόβλημα που εξελίσσεται και εξαρτάται από ειδικούς κοινωνικο-δημογραφικούς παράγοντες που διαφέρουν από χώρα σε χώρα, καθώς και από ποικίλα μοτίβα της χρήσης και εξέλιξης του Διαδικτύου. Τα μέτρα πρόληψης που θα ληφθούν θα πρέπει να προωθήσουν την ενσωμάτωση των νέων Τεχνολογιών Πληροφορικής και Επικοινωνίας (ΤΠΕ) στο εκπαιδευτικό πλαίσιο και να εστιάσουν στη συσχέτιση ανάμεσα στην διαδικτυακή θυματοποίηση και στα εσωτερικευμένα και εξωτερικευμένα προβλήματα.

Allostasis and the development of internalizing and externalizing problems: Changing relations with physiological systems across adolescence

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 1149-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Hastings ◽  
Elizabeth A. Shirtcliff ◽  
Bonnie Klimes-Dougan ◽  
Amber L. Allison ◽  
Laura Derose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Problems ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
Externalizing And Internalizing Problems ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing ◽  
Over Time

AbstractAllostasis, or the maintenance of stability through physiological change, refers to the process by which individuals adjust to the continually changing demands that are put upon somatic activity by salient events. Bauer and colleagues proposed that allostasis could be detected through patterns of the joint reactivity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis system under stressful conditions. We examined the associations between ANS and HPA reactivity and the development of externalizing and internalizing problems over 2 years in a sample of 215 adolescents. The interactions of ANS and HPA reactivity were contemporaneously associated with, and longitudinally predictive of, adolescents' emotional and behavioral problems. Adolescents with symmetrical high reactivity across systems had more internalizing and fewer externalizing problems initially. Over time, both symmetrical and asymmetrical reactivity predicted increasing internalizing problems in girls, depending on the measure of ANS activity that was examined, heart rate, or blood pressure reactivity. Implications for the understanding of allostasis and the dynamic nature of the relations between multiple physiological regulatory systems and adolescents' developing psychopathology are discussed.

Psychopathology in young adults born at extremely low birth weight

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1763-1774 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Boyle ◽  
V. Miskovic ◽  
R. Van Lieshout ◽  
L. Duncan ◽  
L. A. Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Normal Birth

BackgroundLittle is known about the long-term mental health of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) (<1000 g) survivors. We test whether young adults aged 22 to 26 years born at ELBW differ from normal birth weight (NBW) controls in self-reported levels of psychopathology.MethodParticipants included 142 ELBW survivors (86% response) born between 1977 and 1982 to residents of central-west Ontario, Canada and 133 NBW control subjects (92% response). The Young Adult Self-Report measure was used to create five DSM-IV oriented scales aggregated to form internalizing (depressive problems, anxiety problems, avoidant personality problems) and externalizing (attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder problems and antisocial personality problems) scales.ResultsAfter adjusting for family background characteristics, mean scores for ELBW survivors were 3.02 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78–5.26] points higher for internalizing problems and no different, i.e. 0.00 (95% CI −1.17 to 1.17), for externalizing problems. There was a sex×group statistical interaction such that being male muted the risk for externalizing problems among those born at ELBW: −2.11 (95% CI −4.21 to −0.01). Stratifying ELBW adults as born small for gestational age (SGA) versus appropriate weight for gestational age (AGA) revealed a significant gradient of risk for levels of internalizing problems that was largest for SGA, i.e. 4.75 (95% CI 1.24–8.26), and next largest for AGA, 2.49 (95% CI 0.11–4.87), compared with NBW controls.ConclusionsDepression, anxiety and avoidant personality problems (internalizing problems) are elevated in young adulthood among ELBW survivors. This effect is relatively small overall but noticeably larger among ELBW survivors born SGA.

scholarly journals Parental Marital Conflict and Growth in Adolescents’ Externalizing Problems: the Role of Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Peng ◽  
Xiaohui Yang ◽  
Zhenhong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Marital Conflict ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Chinese Version ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Speech Task ◽  
Externalizing And Internalizing Problems

AbstractPrevious studies have examined the moderating effect of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) on the association between marital conflict and externalizing problems, however the findings were inconsistent. One possible reason is that the covariation of internalizing problems in externalizing problems. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine this issue. Participants were 332 Chinese adolescents (54.5% boys) age from 13 to 15 years old. At T1, electrocardiogram monitoring was performed on adolescents during the resting state and stressor tasks (a speech task and a mental arithmetic task) to obtain RSA data. The Chinese version of the Achenbach Youth Self-Report-2001 (YSR-2001) and the Chinese version of the Children’s Perception of Interparental Conflict scale were used to assess adolescents’ externalizing and internalizing problems and their perception of marital conflict, respectively. Adolescents’ problem behaviors were assessed again in the second and third waves of data collection, with a 1-year lag among each wave. The results revealed that the 3- interactions of marital conflict × RSA reactivity in speech task × sex significantly predicted the trajectory of externalizing problems when controlling for internalizing problems from externalizing problems. Specifically, girls with greater RSA suppression to the speech task reported low and stable externalizing problems, however, boys with the same pattern were associated with slightly increased levels of externalizing problems. While, RSA augmentation to the speech task predicted the increase in externalizing problems among both girls and boys in high marital conflict families over time. However, this interaction effects were not significant when not partial out internalizing problems from externalizing problems. The findings highlight the importance of controlling for the covariation of internalizing problems when examining the interaction effects of person and environment on the development of adolescents’ externalizing problems.

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