What Is the State of the Art in Preventing and Treating Substance Use Disorders among Emerging Adults?

2017 ◽  
pp. 71-95
Author(s):  
Douglas C. Smith ◽  
Clayton Neighbors ◽  
Jordanna Lembo
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Substance Use Prevention ◽  
Behavioral Therapies ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapies ◽  
Electronic Interventions

This chapter reviews state-of-the-art substance use prevention and treatment models available for college-attending and non-college-attending emerging adults. Findings on the widely researched Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students (BASICS) model are summarized, as well as those for community-level prevention efforts for college students. For non-college attending emerging adults, motivational interviewing, twelve step facilitation treatment, and cognitive-behavioral therapies have the most empirical support. Few studies are available on the use of primary care–based interventions for emerging adults, which are needed if integrated care is to be realized. There is also new evidence suggesting personalized feedback is less effective than other treatments for emerging adults in non-college settings. Finally, the chapter discusses the mixed findings on electronic interventions and provides recommendations for future research.

scholarly journals The Revised Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA-R) and Substance Use Among College Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon-Patrick Allem ◽  
Steve Sussman ◽  
Jennifer B. Unger
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Substance Use Prevention ◽  
Identity Exploration

Transition-to-adulthood themes, or thoughts and feelings about emerging adulthood, have been measured by the Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA) and found to be associated with substance use among emerging adults. It has been suggested, however, that the IDEA is lengthy and may not include the most unique and theoretically relevant constructs of emerging adulthood. The Revised Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA-R) was developed as an alternative instrument, but research has yet to determine the relationship between the IDEA-R and substance use among emerging adults (ages 18–25 years). College students completed surveys indicating their identification with transition-to-adulthood themes and substance use. Logistic regression models examined the associations between transition-to-adulthood themes and marijuana use and binge drinking, respectively. Participants who felt emerging adulthood was a time of identity exploration were less likely to report marijuana use, while feelings of experimentation/possibility were positively associated with marijuana use and binge drinking. The IDEA-R may be useful for identifying correlates of substance use among emerging adults. Future research should evaluate the IDEA-R among representative samples of emerging adults to confirm the findings of this study. Health professionals working in substance use prevention may consider targeting the themes of identity exploration and experimentation/possibility in programs intended for emerging adults.

Do differences matter? A typology of emerging adult romantic relationship

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia N. E. Roberson ◽  
Jerika Christine Norona ◽  
Jessica N. Fish ◽  
Spencer B. Olmstead ◽  
Frank Fincham
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Emerging Adult ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Latent Class Analyses ◽  
Group Variation

Romantic relationships among emerging adults (individuals aged 18–25 years) are typically homogenously classified both theoretically and empirically as “exploratory” and “unstable.” With a sample of college students ( N = 340), we examined within-group variation among romantic relationships in emerging adulthood using latent class analyses. Four predictor variables indicated four types of romantic relationships among emerging adult college students: the committers (38%), the casual daters (23%), the settlers (30%), and the volatile daters (8%). Classes varied according to background variables such as gender and infidelity. Additionally, there was class variation for outcome variables such as breakup status and loneliness. Future research and implications are discussed.

Substance Use Disorder Treatments

2017 ◽  
pp. 96-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliane Cambraia Windsor ◽  
Douglas C. Smith ◽  
Kyle M. Bennett ◽  
Frederick X. Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
The United States ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Treatment Access ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Diverse Groups

Today’s emerging adults belong to one of the most diverse generations in the United States and show the highest rates of alcohol and illicit drug misuse, facing significant health risks. Thus it is critical to develop effective interventions to reduce alcohol and illicit substance misuse and its related harms among this diverse group. This chapter examines the current literature on the development and effectiveness of existing culturally relevant substance use disorder treatments and makes recommendations for future research and best practices. We argue that given their unique needs, the severity of their substance use, and the low rates of treatment engagement among this population, it is critical that treatment efforts focus on increasing effective treatment access to all emerging adults. We further encourage substance use disorder treatment researchers and practitioners to move beyond addressing culture-bound intervention targets focused on specific cultural groups. The chapter advocates for the development, testing, and adoption of interventions that are responsive to cultural contexts and that (1) target social determinants of health, (2) are equally effective with privileged and marginalized emerging adults, and (3) prepare therapists to effectively deliver interventions to diverse groups and demonstrate cultural competence.

Acceptance and Mindfulness-Based Interventions

2016 ◽  
pp. 434-446
Author(s):  
Robert Zettle ◽  
Suzanne Gird
Keyword(s):  
Acceptance And Commitment Therapy ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
The Third ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment ◽  
Behavioral Therapies ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapies

Acceptance and mindfulness-based interventions are part of the third generation of cognitive–behavioral therapies (Hayes, 2004). Among these approaches, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) enjoy the greatest empirical support in the treatment and prevention of depression. Despite some similarities, ACT and MBCT differ on philosophical, methodological, and strategic dimensions. Outcome literature is more extensive for MBCT; empirical support for putative therapeutic processes specific to each appears to be stronger for ACT. Increasingly both approaches have been extended into clinical areas previously occupied by the other, with ACT being used for prevention of depression and MBCT for treatment of acute depressive symptoms. These developments have made it possible to indirectly compare their therapeutic impact and suggest shared mechanisms of action. Randomized clinical trials in which ACT and MBCT are directly evaluated on common outcome and process variables are recommended to more fully explicate these comparisons.

Collegiate Recovery Programs for Emerging Adults

2017 ◽  
pp. 196-218
Author(s):  
Sierra Castedo ◽  
Lori Holleran Steiker
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
The United States ◽  
University Of Texas ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Recovery Programs ◽  
The University

Collegiate recovery programs (CRPs) offer support to college students in recovery from substance use disorders. That support is centered around a community of students in recovery, recovery-supportive programming, and a space on campus where recovery is actively celebrated and normalized. While the first CRP was established 40 years ago, recent proliferation of these programs across the United States has led to a diversity of models and practices that is not yet well catalogued. National surveys of CRPs are helpful in demonstrating the range of variation among CRPs and the positive effects these programs have on the students they serve, although there are methodological limitations. A case study of the CRP at the University of Texas at Austin provides an example of a CRP model at one end of the spectrum of variation. These programs provide a unique opportunity for institutions of higher education and the communities in which they are embedded to support college students in recovery from substance use disorders.

Psychosocial Treatments for Social Phobia

CNS Spectrums ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie L. Masia ◽  
Franklin R. Schneier
Keyword(s):  
Social Phobia ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Tripartite Model ◽  
Clinical Issues ◽  
Psychosocial Treatments ◽  
Treatment Implementation ◽  
Pharmacologic Treatments

AbstractIncreasing recognition of the prevalence and impairment associated with social phobia has spurred the development of effective psychosocial treatments for this disorder. Exposure-based interventions have the most empirical support. This article applies the tripartite model of anxiety to social phobia, describes state-of-the-art psychosocial treatments, and highlights studies on the comparative and combined efficacy of psychological and pharmacologic treatments. Clinical issues related to treatment implementation, limitations of extant psychosocial interventions, and suggestions for future research are also discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document