Dementia 1: Defining Dementia, Alzheimer’s Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia (DRAFT)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Kaplan ◽  
Tracey Milligan
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Neurofibrillary Tangles ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Pathologic Features ◽  
Visuospatial Processing

The video in this chapter explores dementia, and focuses on definitions of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease and Frontotemporal Dementia. Dementia is defined as a cognitive decline in one or more cognitive domains including memory, language, attention, visuospatial processing and social behavior. Two hallmark pathologic features of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are plaques, which are formed from amyloid and neurofibrillary tangles, which involve tau, whereas symptoms of Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) may include behavioral changes, apathy and disinhibition and ritualistic or repetitive behaviors. Language may also be affected, and this can be a presenting symptom.

Distinct social-behavioral changes in frontotemporal dementia and early onset Alzheimer's disease

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Barsuglia ◽  
Michelle J. Mather ◽  
Hemali V. Panchal ◽  
Aditi Joshi ◽  
Elvira Jimenez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Early Onset Alzheimer’S Disease

scholarly journals Different Apathy Profile in Behavioral Variant of Frontotemporal Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: A Preliminary Investigation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Quaranta ◽  
Camillo Marra ◽  
Concettina Rossi ◽  
Guido Gainotti ◽  
Carlo Masullo
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Inventory ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Clinical Expression

Apathy is one of the most common behavioral symptoms of dementia; it is one of the salient features of behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) but is also very frequent in Alzheimer's disease. This preliminary investigation was aimed at assessing the type of apathy-related symptoms in a population of bvFTD and AD subjects showing comparable apathy severity. Each patient underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment; behavioral changes were investigated by the neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI), using the NPI-apathy subscale to detect apathetic symptoms. At univariate analysis, bvFTD subjects showed lack of initiation (χ2=4.602,p=0.032), reduced emotional output (χ2=6.493,p=0.008), and reduced interest toward friends and family members (χ2=4.898,p=0.027), more frequently than AD subjects. BvFTD displayed higher scores than AD on NPI total score (p=0.005) and on subscales assessing agitation (p=0.004), disinhibition (p=0.007) and sleep disturbances (p=0.025); conversely, AD subjects were more impaired on memory, constructional abilities, and attention. On multivariate logistic regression, reduced emotional output was highly predictive of bvFTD (OR=18.266;p=0.008). Our preliminary findings support the hypothesis that apathy is a complex phenomenon, whose clinical expression is conditioned by the site of anatomical damage. Furthermore, apathy profile may help in differentiating bvFTD from AD.

scholarly journals The utility of questionnaires in cognitive and functional assessment in Alzheimer's disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-334
Author(s):  
V M Aziz ◽  
J. Yagoub ◽  
K. Saba ◽  
M. Asaad
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Functional Assessment ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Amnesic Syndrome ◽  
Insidious Onset ◽  
Progressive Cognitive Impairment

Alzheimer's disease (AD) manifests clinically with an insidious onset and slow but progressive cognitive impairment. The clinical picture of AD can be classified into cognitive and behavioral changes. The initial deficit usually manifests as an amnesic syndrome which may progress very gradually for several years before impairment in other cognitive domains, such as language, semantic memory and visuospatial function, becomes apparent (Hodges and Patterson, 1995).

Neuropsychological performance of right- and left-frontotemporal dementia compared to Alzheimer's disease

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
JILL RAZANI ◽  
KYLE BRAUER BOONE ◽  
BRUCE L. MILLER ◽  
ALISON LEE ◽  
DALE SHERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Neuropsychological Performance ◽  
Neuropsychological Battery ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Phonemic Fluency ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Impairment ◽  
Language Measures

The performance of 16 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) was compared to 11 patients with right-frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and 11 patients with left-FTD on a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Standardized scores (i.e., z scores based on normal control data) were analyzed for 5 cognitive domains. The results revealed that the AD group displayed significant impairment in visual–constructional ability relative to the two FTD groups; however, no significant difference was found between the groups on memory scores (verbal and nonverbal). Patients with left-FTD scored significantly below patients with AD on the language measures (e.g., word retrieval, verbal semantic memory), and verbal executive ability (phonemic fluency); AD patients did not differ from patients with right-FTD on these measures. Patients with right-FTD exhibited significantly more perseverative behavior than AD patients; AD patients did not differ from left-FTD patients on this parameter. These results indicate that the pattern of neuropsychological performance of AD patients is distinguishable from patients with left and right frontal frontotemporal dementia. (JINS, 2001, 7, 468–480)

scholarly journals Recognizing Late Onset Frontotemporal Dementia with the DAPHNE scale: A case report

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
Leonardo Tafarello Martins ◽  
Ivan Abdalla Teixeira ◽  
Jerson Laks ◽  
Valeska Marinho
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Csf Biomarkers ◽  
Atypical Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Structured Means

ABSTRACT Frontotemporal dementias are classically described as early onset dementias with personality and behavioral changes, however, late onset forms can also be found. Considering the paucity of information about late onset behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia and its challenging diagnosis, we present a case report of an 85-year-old woman with behavioral changes and slow progression to dementia who was first diagnosed as having bipolar disorder and then Alzheimer's disease. The Daphne scale provided a structured means to improve clinical diagnosis, also supported by characteristic features on MRI and SPECT, while CSF biomarkers ruled out atypical Alzheimer's disease.

Using a second-person approach to identify disease-specific profiles of social behavior in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease

Cortex ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
pp. 236-246
Author(s):  
Mandy Visser ◽  
Stephanie Wong ◽  
Simone Simonetti ◽  
Jessica L. Hazelton ◽  
Emma Devenney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Disease Specific

scholarly journals Frontotemporal dementia to Alzheimer's disease

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-160
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Neural Damage ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Long Time ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

Behavioral manifestations may dominate the clinical picture of the frontal variant of frontotemporal dementia (fv-FTD) for a long time before the appearance of true cognitive deficits. On the other hand, a deficit in the episodic memory domain represents the main manifestation of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Many behavioral disorders have been described in the clinical course of both FTD and AD; however, apathy and personality changes characterize frontal dementias, while depression dominates in AD, at least in the earlier stages. Depending on the distribution of neural damage, different patterns of noncognitive manifestations may be expected in different subtypes of FTD. Recent research on the social cognition deficit in FTD has offered new insights into the relationship between cognition and behavior, suggesting that some aspects of the behavioral changes in dementia may be generated by impairment in this domain.

Liquid crystalline ordering of paired helical filaments in neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer's disease

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 348-349
Author(s):  
D.F. Clapin ◽  
V.J.A. Montpetit
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Neurofibrillary Tangles ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Amyloid Fibrils ◽  
Geometric Analysis ◽  
Paired Helical Filaments ◽  
Microscopic Level ◽  
Light Microscopic Level ◽  
Regular Spacing

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the accumulation of abnormal filamentous proteins. The most important of these are amyloid fibrils and paired helical filaments (PHF). PHF are located intraneuronally forming bundles called neurofibrillary tangles. The designation of these structures as "tangles" is appropriate at the light microscopic level. However, localized domains within individual tangles appear to demonstrate a regular spacing which may indicate a liquid crystalline phase. The purpose of this paper is to present a statistical geometric analysis of PHF packing.

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