Basic symptoms in deficit states and their relation to negative symptoms

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-38
Author(s):  
Frauke Schultze-Lutter
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Psychotic Episode ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Basic Symptoms ◽  
First Psychotic Episode

Basic symptoms are subtle, subjectively experienced disturbances in mental processes including thinking, speech, attention, perception, drive, stress tolerance, and affect, originally described by Gerd Huber. Basic symptoms are present in prodromal, psychotic, and residual/deficit states of schizophrenia and have been conceptualized as the most immediate psychopathological expression of the neurobiological abnormalities underlying the development and persistence of psychosis. Basic symptoms are currently mostly recognized for their potential to detect psychosis prior to the first psychotic episode and, thus, for their ability to herald persistent positive symptoms. Although initially described to facilitate understanding of deficit states in schizophrenia, their contribution to negative symptoms has less been studied, although the evaluation of basic symptoms helps in improving understanding of the psychopathology—including differentiation of primary and secondary negative symptoms—and course of schizophrenia and in planning better treatment.

From ADHD to psychosis… executive functions and time

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S353-S353
Author(s):  
C.D.M. Isabel
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Stressful Life Event ◽  
Auditory Hallucination ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Psychotic Episode ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Memory Work ◽  
First Psychotic Episode ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionCognitive impairment is present from the early stages of psychotic disorders. Alterations are found mainly in areas of attention, memory work and executive functions. During adolescence, ADHD patients often suffer from secondary disorders to lack of efficient procurement processes information by the poor development of executive functions.ObjectiveEvaluation of a patient whose diagnosis of ADD evolve to acute psychotic episode.MethodReview by clinical and psychometric tests developments in executive functions disorders.ResultsTwelve years old patient who comes to the hospital since 2012, was initially diagnosed with literacy difficulties and low academic performance, after MFF-20 speaks of Learning Disabilities. It presents lack of motivation, apathy, difficulty in scheduling and organization and adherence to schedules, so they diagnosed ADD. It is given treatment with methylphenidate and atomoxetine, presenting erratic path.After a year without treatment and the presence of a major stressful life event, at 17, has a first episode, consisting in mutiste attitude, phenomena of self-referenciality, experiences of control, enforcement and dissemination of ideas and auditory hallucination imperative type.ConclusionsThe presence of emocional dysregulation and alterations in the executive functions atribuyen to ADD, in this case, were premorbid symtomatology of a first psychotic episode. The presence of positive symptoms allows to clarify the diagnosis.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Predictors of transition to psychosis in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s838-s838
Author(s):  
M. Skuhareuskaya ◽  
O. Skugarevsky
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Psychotic Episode ◽  
Clinical High Risk ◽  
Basic Symptoms ◽  
Role Function ◽  
Thought Disorders

ObjectiveClinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis state is characterized by presence of potentially prodromal for schizophrenia symptoms. The aim of this study was to assess the predictors of transition to first psychotic episode.MethodsThe study included 123 CHR subjects. All the subjects were characterized by the presence of one of the group of criteria: (1) UHR criteria, (2) basic symptoms criteria and (3) negative symptoms and formal thought disorders (FTD). The presence of FTD in clinical high-risk individuals was assessed with methods of experimental pathopsychology. The mean length of follow-up was 26 months (SD 18). All subjects were males, mean age = 20.2 (SD: 2.1). We examined the subjects’ performance using the Cambridge automated neuropsychological test battery. We applied survival analyses to determine associations between a transition to psychosis and sociodemographic, clinical and neurocognitive parameters. To determine which items are the best predictors, Cox regression analyses were applied.ResultsThe psychosis developed in 39 subjects (31.7%). Global assessment of functioning, positive symptoms, blunted affect, social isolation, impaired role function, disorganizing/stigmatizing behavior, basic symptoms (thought pressure, unstable ideas of reference), neurocognitive parameters (visual memory and new learning, decision making, executive function) significantly influenced the transition to psychosis. A prediction model was developed and included unusual thought content (Wald = 12.386, P < 0.0001, HR = 2.996), perceptual abnormalities (Wald = 4.777, P = 0.029, HR = 1.43) and impaired role function (Wald = 1.425, P < 0.028, HR = 4.157).ConclusionClinical measures are important predictors for transition to psychosis in high-risk individuals.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Gray matter volume deficits and correlation with insight and negative symptoms in first-psychotic-episode subjects

2010 ◽  
Vol 123 (6) ◽  
pp. 431-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bergé ◽  
S. Carmona ◽  
M. Rovira ◽  
A. Bulbena ◽  
P. Salgado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Psychotic Episode ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
First Psychotic Episode

scholarly journals Cognitive approach to depression and suicidal thinking in psychosis

2000 ◽  
Vol 177 (6) ◽  
pp. 516-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Birchwood ◽  
Zaffer Iqbal ◽  
Paul Chadwick ◽  
Peter Trower
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Psychotic Episode ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Psychotic Depression ◽  
Acute Psychosis ◽  
Concomitant Increase ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Icd 10

BackgroundDepression in schizophrenia is a rather neglected field of study, perhaps because of its confused nosological status. Three course patterns of depression in schizophrenia, including post-psychotic depression (PPD), are proposed.AimsWe chart the ontogeny of depression and psychotic symptoms from the acute psychotic episode over a 12-month period and test the validity of the proposed course patterns.MethodOne hundred and five patients with ICD–10 schizophrenia were followed up on five occasions over 12 months following the acute episode, taking measures of depression, positive symptoms, negative symptoms, neuroleptic exposure and side-effects.ResultsDepression accompanied acute psychosis in 70% of cases and remitted in line with the psychosis; 36% developed PPD without a concomitant increase in psychotic symptoms.ConclusionsThe results provided support for the validity of two of the three course patterns of depression in schizophrenia, including PPD. Post-psychotic depression occurs de novo without concomitant change in positive or negative symptoms.

Birth Complications and Subsequent Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 635-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Roff ◽  
Raymond A. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Thought Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Episode ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Child Guidance Clinic ◽  
Birth Complications ◽  
Child Guidance ◽  
History Of

A sample of 29 men with an initial psychotic episode and diagnosis of schizophrenia as young adults were followed into middle adulthood. All had prior child guidance clinic contact. The negative symptoms of affect deficit in young adulthood but not the positive symptoms of thought disorder were predicted by a history of birth complications. Subjects with birth complications who developed negative symptoms had a stable deficit over the follow-up period.

A Risk Factor Screening and Assessment Protocol for Schizophrenia and Related Psychosis

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. A170-A180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaughan Carr ◽  
Sean Halpin ◽  
Namson Lau ◽  
Sian O'Brien ◽  
Jane Beckmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Psychotic Episode ◽  
Pool Data ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
First Psychotic Episode ◽  
Low Rate

Objective The Psychological Assistance Service (PAS) opened in Newcastle, New South Wales in 1997 as a clinical service for the assessment and treatment of young people at high risk of psychosis and those experiencing a first psychotic episode. The aim of this paper is to describe the assessment protocol of PAS, which is strongly influenced by the neurodevelopmental perspective on early onset psychosis. Method The systematic assessment of patients referred to PAS using a protocol over a 2 week period is described. The protocol includes a narrative history, structured diagnostic interview, quantitative assessment of symptoms and other clinical features, a neurological examination and comprehensive neuropsychological test battery. Results The clinic has received over 250 referrals in a 2 year period and accepted 116 patients for a full assessment, of whom 60 were deemed to be ‘at-risk’ of psychosis and 56 were experiencing their first psychotic episode. Both groups were similar with respect to gender and there were minor age differences. The first-episode group experienced more reality distortion, schizotypal and negative symptoms. While both groups showed some neuropsychological and neurological impairment, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups on these variables except for a test of executive functioning in which the first-episode group was more impaired than the ‘at-risk’ group. A low rate of conversion to psychosis occurred in the ‘at-risk’ group. Conclusions The minor differences between the two groups may have been related to relatively small sample sizes, although some similarities between the groups were to be expected. The low rate of conversion to psychosis in the ‘at-risk’ group is discussed. Further analyses using larger samples are necessary to determine the validity of the various ‘at-risk’ categories and this will involve following a sufficiently large sample over an adequate time. The most efficient way of doing this would be to pool data across centres with comparable early intervention programs.

Morphophenotypical patterns in patients with negative symptoms in schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s818-s818
Author(s):  
E. Kornetova ◽  
A.V. Semke ◽  
A.N. Kornetov ◽  
E.G. Dmitrieva ◽  
V.V. Dubrovskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Routine Examination ◽  
Basic Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionPositive-negative dichotomy in course of schizophrenia leads to search for factors which could influence the formation of basic symptoms. The study of patients’ body types and morphological peculiarities according clinical feature of schizophrenia could find some influence factors. Body type and regional morphologic dysplasias (RMD) are basically morphophenotypical patterns available for routine examination in usual clinical psychiatric practice.AimsTo reveal associations between body type, morphologic dysplasias and course of schizophrenia.MethodsAnthropometric, somatoscopy examination of patients with schizophrenia with gradually progressive negative disorders: emotional, volition, thought disturbances, increasing autism and social isolation, stable anhedonia with motivation defect were conducted. The accounted morbidity of 168 patients from the whole group of individuals with schizophrenia was about 10% (128 [76%] males, 40 [23.8%] females). Clinical presentations of schizophrenia met the criteria of ICD-10. Anthropometric investigation was conducted with the help of Martin's anthropometer and major thickness compasses for recognition of body type. RMD was registered descriptively.ResultsIt was shown that in patients with negative course of schizophrenia asthenic body type prevailed (60%) with the accumulation of RMD (94,4%) in comparison with healthy individuals (26.2%, P< 0.001). Among patients with positive symptoms of schizophrenia picnic body type prevailed (P < 0.001).ConclusionsAsthenic body type, accumulation of multiple RMD is associated with the domination of negative symptoms and continuous course of schizophrenia. Results of the study indicate the need for a deeper study of this issue on constitutional approach.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Performance of patients with different schizophrenia subtypes on the Synthetic House–Tree–Person Test

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
AiBao Zhou ◽  
Pei Xie ◽  
ChaoChao Pan ◽  
Zhe Tian ◽  
Junwei Xie
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Symptom Type ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

We explored differences in performance on the Synthetic House–Tree–Person Test between people with mainly positive symptoms and those with mainly negative symptoms of schizophrenia and, further, aimed to provide a basis for the diagnosis of schizophrenia symptom type. Participants were 58 people receiving treatment for schizophrenia, and we asked them to complete the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms, the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, and the Synthetic House–Tree–Person Test. There were significant differences in results on the Synthetic House–Tree–Person Test between the group with positive symptoms, the group with a mix of positive and negative symptoms, and the group with negative symptoms. There were 12 features of participants' drawings, such as big hands, which were correlated with hallucinations and delusions in positive symptoms, and 9 features, such as trees in a landscape, which were correlated with avolition and anhedonia in negative symptoms. Our study results suggest differences in performance on the Synthetic House–Tree–Person Test between these different symptom subtypes of schizophrenia; hence, the features that appear in drawings made during the test may contribute to the diagnosis of symptoms of people with schizophrenia.

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