The Neurobiology of Attachment and Mentalizing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Luyten ◽  
Peter Fonagy
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Stress Regulation ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter addresses the neurobiology of attachment and mentalizing from a developmental psychopathology perspective. It defines attachment, considers its key role in the modulation of the stress response, and describes the general neurobiological process by which this occurs. The chapter then considers the neurobiology of attachment and proceeds to discuss the neurobiological underpinning of mentalizing in relation to attachment and stress regulation. It also focuses on the early development of both capacities in relation to stress regulation and discusses the relationship to the development of psychopathology and personality disorder in particular across the lifespan, with a focus on early childhood and adolescence.

scholarly journals Interpersonal Relatedness and Non-suicidal Self-Injurious Behaviors in Female Adolescents With Borderline Personality Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Guénolé ◽  
Solène Spiers ◽  
Ludovic Gicquel ◽  
Veronique Delvenne ◽  
Marion Robin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Interpersonal Relatedness ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Experience Questionnaire

Background: Psychopathological models of adolescent borderline personality disorder (BPD) suggest that non-suicidal self-injuring (NSSI)—a particularly frequent symptom in girls—may constitute a way of coping with distress resulting from interpersonal concerns they typically experience as a developmental psychopathological feature.Objectives: Our objective was to investigate the relationship in BPD female adolescents between NSSI and the Sidney Blatt two-polarities model of personality development, which focuses on the psychological processes of interpersonal relatedness and self-definition.Methods: The study was conducted within the European Research Network on Borderline Personality Disorder in Adolescence, using the Depressive Experience Questionnaire (DEQ).Results: BPD patients (n = 59; mean age = 16.6 ± 1.3) scored significantly higher than healthy controls on the two DEQ sub-factors assessing the more immature forms of Interpersonal Relatedness (Neediness) and Self-definition (Self-criticism) and significantly lower on the more mature form of Self-definition (Efficacy). BPD adolescents with NSSI showed significantly higher scores on both mature and immature forms of Interpersonal Relatedness (Neediness and Connectedness) compared to BPD adolescents without NSSI. A logistic regression analysis showed that the subfactor Neediness of the DEQ was the only significant predictor of the presence of NSSI among BPD adolescents.Conclusions: The preliminary results of this study suggests that NSSI in adolescents with BPD is developmentally linked to high developmental concerns in the domain of interpersonal relatedness, which may be taken into consideration in clinical practice. More studies are necessary to better understand the relationships between NSSI and developmental psychopathology in borderline adolescents.

Measurement of Irritability in Children and Adolescents

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-44
Author(s):  
Merelise Ametti ◽  
Robert R. Althoff
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Models ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Diagnostic Interviews ◽  
Dysregulation Profile ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

While irritability is a symptom included in multiple DSM psychiatric illnesses, it has remained an ill-defined and underresearched phenomenon until relatively recently. There have been multiple attempts made to measure irritability in childhood and adolescence. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the various approaches used in the measurement and empirical study of pediatric irritability. In this chapter, the authors describe attempts at measuring irritability with standardized diagnostic interviews, and then discuss how variable- and person-centered statistical models have shaped these earliest measures. The authors discuss models and measures that are emerging, including the construct of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder as well as measures such as the Affective Reactivity Index and the Child Behavior Checklist-Dysregulation Profile. They conclude that, given the transdiagnostic nature of irritability, efforts should be made to understand the relationship of irritability to various forms of developmental psychopathology using multiple methods.

scholarly journals Understanding the Relationship Between Sleep Problems in Early Childhood and Borderline Personality Disorder: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 13 ◽  
pp. 2175-2202
Author(s):  
Isabel Morales-Muñoz ◽  
Buse Beril Durdurak ◽  
Ayten Bilgin ◽  
Steven Marwaha ◽  
Catherine Winsper
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
The Relationship

Spatial Experiences of High Academic Achievers

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Marie Weckbacher ◽  
Yukari Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Spatial Abilities ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
High Achievers ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Spatial Skills ◽  
Spatial Tasks ◽  
The Relationship

The study explored the relationship between types of spatial experiences and spatial abilities among 13- to 14-year-old high academic achievers. Each participant completed two spatial tasks and a survey assessing favored spatial activities across five categories (computers, toys, sports, music, and art) and three developmental periods (early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence). The first phase of analysis determined the percentage of favorite activities by category and developmental period; the second phase examined how participants with the highest scores on each spatial measure differed in their experiences. Findings showed that certain activities (e.g., playing video games and soccer) tended to reemerge across periods and be linked to strong spatial skills. Implications for nurturing high achievers’ potential to succeed in spatially demanding careers are discussed.

Interactive acculturation of Turkish-Belgian parents and children in Flanders: A case study of Beringen

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-428
Author(s):  
Özgün Ünver ◽  
Ides Nicaise
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Domain Specificity ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Education And Care ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Town

This article tackles the relationship between Turkish-Belgian families with the Flemish society, within the specific context of their experiences with early childhood education and care (ECEC) system in Flanders. Our findings are based on a focus group with mothers in the town of Beringen. The intercultural dimension of the relationships between these families and ECEC services is discussed using the Interactive Acculturation Model (IAM). The acculturation patterns are discussed under three main headlines: language acquisition, social interaction and maternal employment. Within the context of IAM, our findings point to some degree of separationism of Turkish-Belgian families, while they perceive the Flemish majority to have an assimilationist attitude. This combination suggests a conflictual type of interaction. However, both parties also display some traits of integrationism, which points to the domain-specificity of interactive acculturation.

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