Ocular trauma

2014 ◽  
pp. 97-132
Author(s):  
Alastair K.O. Denniston ◽  
Philip I. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Blunt Trauma ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Ocular Trauma ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Orbital Fractures ◽  
Penetrating Injuries ◽  
Chemical Injury ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Common Problems

‘Ocular Trauma’ provides the reader with a practical approach to the assessment and management of ophthalmic injuries. Covering common problems such as blunt trauma, orbital fractures, lid lacerations, chemical injury, penetrating injuries and hyphaema, it also includes less common but serious threats such as thermal and laser-induced injuries. Using a patient-centred approach the key clinical features, investigations and treatment (medical and surgical) are described both in general terms and specifically for each condition.

Ocular trauma

2018 ◽  
pp. 109-150
Keyword(s):  
Blunt Trauma ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Ocular Trauma ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Orbital Fractures ◽  
Penetrating Injuries ◽  
Chemical Injury ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Common Problems

‘Ocular Trauma’ provides the reader with a practical approach to the assessment and management of ophthalmic injuries. Covering common problems such as blunt trauma, orbital fractures, lid lacerations, chemical injury, penetrating injuries and hyphaema, it also includes less common but serious threats such as thermal and laser-induced injuries. Using a patient-centred approach the key clinical features, investigations and treatment (medical and surgical) are described both in general terms and specifically for each condition.

Hyperkinetic Movement Disorders

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin Mackay ◽  
Edison Miyawaki
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Involuntary Movements ◽  
Computed Tomography Scans ◽  
Paroxysmal Disorders ◽  
Laboratory Investigations

The hyperkinetic movement disorders include heterogeneous diseases and syndromes, all characterized by one or a variety of excessive, involuntary movements. The hyperkinetic movement disorders are heterogeneous in clinical presentation, but a rational and practical approach to diagnosis exists based on new genetic correlations and targeted laboratory investigations. Treatments informed by a still-developing picture of motor pathophysiology offer significant benefit for these disorders. This chapter discusses choreiform disorders, including patterns in choreiform diagnosis; tremor disorders; paroxysmal disorders, including tics and myoclonus; dystonias, including monogenic primary dystonias; and pathophysiology and treatment in the hyperkinetic movement disorders. Figures include clinical photos, computed tomography scans, and an algorithm representing cortical-subcortical circuitry. Tables delineate definitions, distinguishing clinical features, medications, genetics, protein products, and treatments associated with various disorders.  This review contains 6 figures, 12 tables, and 145 references.

Supranuclear Ophthalmoplegia

2019 ◽  
pp. 137-140
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Thurtell ◽  
Robert L. Tomsak
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Blink Rate ◽  
Ocular Motor ◽  
Eyelid Retraction ◽  
Upper Eyelid ◽  
Convergence Insufficiency ◽  
Upper Eyelid Retraction

Supranuclear ophthalmoplegia results from an interruption of the saccadic, pursuit, optokinetic, or vergence inputs to the ocular motor nuclei. In this chapter, we begin by reviewing potential causes for difficulty reading. We next review the neuro-ophthalmic and neurologic features of progressive supranuclear palsy, which can include a vertical supranuclear ophthalmoplegia, convergence insufficiency, square-wave jerks, upper-eyelid retraction, reduced blink rate, apraxia of eyelid opening, and blepharospasm. We then discuss the differential diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy and point out clinical features that help to differentiate these conditions. Lastly, we present a practical approach to the management of the visual symptoms commonly caused by progressive supranuclear palsy.

Uveitis

2018 ◽  
pp. 443-520 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Uveal Tract ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Clinical Presentations

‘Uveitis’ provides the reader with a practical approach to the assessment and management of this group of intraocular inflammatory conditions. After outlining the relevant anatomy and physiology of the uveal tract, the chapter addresses the key clinical presentations of uveitic diseases before discussing each syndrome in more detail. Using a patient-centred approach the key clinical features, investigations and treatment (medical and surgical) are described for each condition. Emphasis is given to the association of some forms of uveitis with systemic disease, and the need for appropriate investigation.

Lens

2018 ◽  
pp. 335-379
Keyword(s):  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Intraocular Lens ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Surgical Options ◽  
Extended Discussion

‘Lens’ provides the reader with a practical approach to the assessment and management of lens-related disease. After outlining the relevant anatomy and physiology of this structure, the chapter discusses the key clinical features, investigations and surgical options for cataract and other disorders of the lens. There is an extended discussion around phacoemulsification, intraocular lens options and the potential complications of cataract surgery.

Sclera

2018 ◽  
pp. 319-333
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Posterior Scleritis ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Anterior Scleritis

‘Sclera’ provides the reader with a practical approach to the assessment and management of scleral disease. After outlining the relevant anatomy and physiology of this structure, the chapter addresses the key clinical presentations arising from scleral disease, notably episcleritis, anterior scleritis and posterior scleritis. Using a patient-centred approach the key clinical features, investigations and treatment (medical and surgical) are described for each condition. Emphasis is given to the possible association with systemic disease, and the need for appropriate investigation.

Lens

2014 ◽  
pp. 299-344
Author(s):  
Alastair K.O. Denniston ◽  
Philip I. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Intraocular Lens ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Surgical Options ◽  
Extended Discussion

‘Lens’ provides the reader with a practical approach to the assessment and management of lens-related disease. After outlining the relevant anatomy and physiology of this structure, the chapter discusses the key clinical features, investigations and surgical options for cataract and other disorders of the lens. There is an extended discussion around phacoemulsification, intraocular lens options and the potential complications of cataract surgery.

Sclera

2014 ◽  
pp. 287-298
Author(s):  
Alastair K.O. Denniston ◽  
Philip I. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Posterior Scleritis ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Anterior Scleritis

‘Sclera’ provides the reader with a practical approach to the assessment and management of scleral disease. After outlining the relevant anatomy and physiology of this structure, the chapter addresses the key clinical presentations arising from scleral disease, notably episcleritis, anterior scleritis and posterior scleritis. Using a patient-centred approach the key clinical features, investigations and treatment (medical and surgical) are described for each condition. Emphasis is given to the possible association with systemic disease, and the need for appropriate investigation.

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