Music Theory and Natural Order from the Renaissance to the Early Twentieth Century. Edited by Suzannah Clark and Alexander Rehding. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001
Elizabeth Esch and David Roediger highlight the ways employers and their allies used racism to divide the working classes in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Such racist practices began under slavery, and continued well into the early twentieth century as they constructed hierarchical workplaces which they deemed as natural; unions and solidarity in their estimation subverted the natural order. They call this practice “race management.” Employers seeking control over the workforce benefited from racism.
Gooptu, Nandini. The Politics of the Urban Poor in Early Twentieth-Century India. [Cambridge Studies in Indian History and Society, 8.] Cambridge University Press, Cambridge [etc.] 2001. xxiii, 464 pp. £55.00; $80.00