In Vitro Testing of a Potentially Biocompatible Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 574-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Topley ◽  
R. Mackenzie ◽  
M. M. Petersen ◽  
M. J. Beavis ◽  
D. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
In Vitro Testing ◽  
Dialysis Fluid ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid

scholarly journals In Vitro Evaluation of the Activities of Telavancin, Cefazolin, and Vancomycin against Methicillin-Susceptible and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Peritoneal Dialysate

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 4521-4524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances L. Clouse ◽  
Laurie B. Hovde ◽  
John C. Rotschafer
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Dialysis Fluid ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysate ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid ◽  
Vitro Model

ABSTRACT This study compared the ability of telavancin to the ability of cefazolin and vancomycin to eliminate staphylococci from peritoneal dialysis fluid by using a static in vitro model to simulate the conditions of peritoneal dialysis. The results showed that telavancin exhibited statistically significantly better kill (P < 0.05) against both methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Low-calcium peritoneal dialysis fluid should not impact peritonitis rates in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

1996 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carola W.H. de Fijter ◽  
Liem P. Oe ◽  
Erik C.J.M. Heezius ◽  
Ab J.M. Donker ◽  
Henri A. Verbrugh
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Dialysis Fluid ◽  
Low Calcium ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid

Compatibility of Cephalosporins and Aminogl Ycosides in Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Loeppky ◽  
Eugene Tarka ◽  
E. Dale Everett
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Dialysis Fluid ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Often dialysis -associated peritonitis is treated before the results of cultures are known with a cephalosporin and an aminoglycoside in combination. Because there may be antagonism between the individual drugs in such combinations, we have investigated this possibility through the use of timed, killing curves in dialysate effluent. We tested various cephalosporins and aminoglycosides alone and in combination at concentrations usually instilled into the peritoneum and determined their activity against one strain each of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The results of these in-vitro studies show no evidence of antagonism but rather suggest an additive effect as evidenced by more rapid killing.

scholarly journals Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid Supplementation with Alanyl-Glutamine Attenuates Conventional Dialysis Fluid-Mediated Endothelial Cell Injury by Restoring Perturbed Cytoprotective Responses

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1678
Author(s):  
Rebecca Herzog ◽  
Maria Bartosova ◽  
Silvia Tarantino ◽  
Anja Wagner ◽  
Markus Unterwurzacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Vascular Pathology ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
Dialysis Fluid ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid

Long-term clinical outcome of peritoneal dialysis (PD) depends on adequate removal of small solutes and water. The peritoneal endothelium represents the key barrier and peritoneal transport dysfunction is associated with vascular changes. Alanyl-glutamine (AlaGln) has been shown to counteract PD-induced deteriorations but the effect on vascular changes has not yet been elucidated. Using multiplexed proteomic and bioinformatic analyses we investigated the molecular mechanisms of vascular pathology in-vitro (primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells, HUVEC) and ex-vivo (arterioles of patients undergoing PD) following exposure to PD-fluid. An overlap of 1813 proteins (40%) of over 3100 proteins was identified in both sample types. PD-fluid treatment significantly altered 378 in endothelial cells and 192 in arterioles. The HUVEC proteome resembles the arteriolar proteome with expected sample specific differences of mainly immune system processes only present in arterioles and extracellular region proteins primarily found in HUVEC. AlaGln-addition to PD-fluid revealed 359 differentially abundant proteins and restored the molecular process landscape altered by PD fluid. This study provides evidence on validity and inherent limitations of studying endothelial pathomechanisms in-vitro compared to vascular ex-vivo findings. AlaGln could reduce PD-associated vasculopathy by reducing endothelial cellular damage, restoring perturbed abundances of pathologically important proteins and enriching protective processes.

Growth of Bacterial Clinical Isolates in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayl J. Flournoy ◽  
Fred A. Perryman ◽  
Syed M.H. Qadri
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Chemical Constituent ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Proteus Vulgaris ◽  
Dialysis Fluid ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid ◽  
Group D

Clinical bacterial isolates (105 colony forming units/mi) were inoculated into sterile unused and used continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) fluid, incubated for 24 hours at 3SOC and observed for growth as evidenced by turbidity. The CAPD fluids also were tested for selected chemical constituent concentrations. The main differences in sterile unused and used fluids were: pH, 5.25 (unused) vs 7.60–8.62 (used); glucose, 1350–3680 vs 407–1227 mg/dl; potassium, 0 vs 2.0–4.2 mEq/l and phosphorous, 0 and 2.5–5.5 mg/dl respectively. When isolates of Candido albicans (10 strains), Enterobacter sp. (2), Escherichia coli (2), Group D Enterococci (2), Klebsiella pneumoniae (2), Proteus vulgaris (2), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (30), Pseudomonas sp. (2), Serratia marcescens (2), Staphylococcus aureus (2), S. epidermidis (2) and alphahemolytic streptococci (10) were tested against the fluids, none of the isolates grew in unused fluid but all grew in used fluid, which had been in the peritoneal cavity for as little as one and one-halfhours. Although the organisms did not grow in unused fluid, they were still viable at their original concentrations as deterrnined by quantitative subcultures.

Chemical and Immunological Characterization of Oxidative Nonenzymatic Protein Modifications in Dialysis Fluids

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Ruiz ◽  
Manuel Portero–Otín ◽  
Reinald Pamplona ◽  
Jesús R. Requena ◽  
Joan Prat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Dwell Time ◽  
Immunological Methods ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Dialysis Fluid ◽  
Protein Modifications ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid ◽  
Dialysis Fluids

← Background Glucose degradation products (GDP) in dialysis fluids may induce nonenzymatic protein modifications, the chemical nature and biological properties of which should be better defined. ← Aims To characterize nonenzymatic protein modifications present in glucose-based peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDF) and to evaluate the relationship between concentrations of GDP and the derived nonenzymatic modifications, and the potential of PDF for generating these modifications in vitro. ← Methods The presence, distribution, and content of several nonenzymatic protein modifications in PDF were evaluated by immunological methods, by HPLC, and by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Peritoneal dialysis fluid-induced oxidative stress in cells was evaluated by flow cytometry. The potential of PDF for generating oxidative and glycoxidative modifications was examined by immunological and cross-linking analyses. ← Results The albumin present in PDF is modified by carboxymethyllysine (CML). GC/MS analyses of PDF proteins confirmed the presence of CML and demonstrated the occurrence of carboxyethyllysine, malondialdehyde lysine, and oxidation-derived semialdehydes. Furthermore, their concentrations in PDF proteins were significantly higher than those in plasma proteins (in all cases, p < 0.02). The concentration of pyrraline, a non-oxidative advanced glycation end-product, increased with dwell time up to 6 hours ( p < 0.03). The PDF induced cellular free-radical production, which was partially inhibited by the Maillard reaction inhibitor aminoguanidine ( p < 0.001). The potential to generate oxidative and glycoxidative modifications demonstrated an inverse relationship with dwell time ( p < 0.05). The PDF was able to induce collagen cross-linking in a close relationship with GDP concentration. ← Conclusions ( 1 ) PDF contains non-oxidative and several oxidative nonenzymatic protein modifications in higher concentrations than plasma. ( 2 ) Peritoneal dialysis fluid induces oxidative stress in vitro, which can be partially inhibited by aminoguanidine. ( 3 ) These properties are directly related to GDP concentration. ( 4 ) Peritoneal dialysis fluid is able to generate glycoxidative and oxidative damage to proteins in vitro in a dwell-time dependent fashion.

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