scholarly journals Approaching the interpretation of discordances in SARS-CoV-2 testing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep N Wontakal ◽  
Robert H Bortz III ◽  
Wen-Hsuan W Lin ◽  
Inessa Gendlina ◽  
Amy S Fox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Clinical Testing ◽  
Serological Testing ◽  
Testing Laboratories ◽  
Clinical Vignettes ◽  
Robust Testing

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has upended life throughout the globe. Appropriate emphasis has been placed on developing effective therapies and vaccines to curb the pandemic. While awaiting such countermeasures, mitigation efforts coupled with robust testing remain essential to controlling spread of the disease. In particular, serological testing plays a critical role in providing important diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic information. However, this information is only useful if the results can be accurately interpreted. This pandemic placed clinical testing laboratories and requesting physicians in a precarious position because we are actively learning about the disease and how to interpret serological results. Having developed robust assays to detect antibodies generated against SARS-CoV-2, and serving the hardest hit areas within the New York City epicenter, we found three types of discordances in SARS-CoV-2 test results that challenge interpretation. Using representative clinical vignettes, these interpretation dilemmas are highlighted, along with suggested approaches to resolve such cases.

scholarly journals Then We Looked at His Results: Men Who Have Sex With Men from New York City and Puerto Rico Report Their Sexual Partner’s Reactions to Receiving Reactive HIV Self-Test Results

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 2597-2605
Author(s):  
Iván C. Balán ◽  
Javier Lopez-Rios ◽  
Rebecca Giguere ◽  
Cody Lentz ◽  
Curtis Dolezal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
York City ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Self Test ◽  
Sex With Men

scholarly journals Modeling serological testing to inform relaxation of social distancing for COVID-19 control

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia N. M. Kraay ◽  
Kristin N. Nelson ◽  
Conan Y. Zhao ◽  
David Demory ◽  
Joshua S. Weitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Passive Component ◽  
Serological Testing ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Health Response

AbstractSerological testing remains a passive component of the public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a transmission model, we examine how serological testing could have enabled seropositive individuals to increase their relative levels of social interaction while offsetting transmission risks. We simulate widespread serological testing in New York City, South Florida, and Washington Puget Sound and assume seropositive individuals partially restore their social contacts. Compared to no intervention, our model suggests that widespread serological testing starting in late 2020 would have averted approximately 3300 deaths in New York City, 1400 deaths in South Florida and 11,000 deaths in Washington State by June 2021. In all sites, serological testing blunted subsequent waves of transmission. Findings demonstrate the potential benefit of widespread serological testing, had it been implemented in the pre-vaccine era, and remain relevant now amid the potential for emergence of new variants.

scholarly journals Critical Role of the Subways in the Initial Spread of SARS-CoV-2 in New York City

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey E Harris
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Radius Of Influence ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
Zip Code ◽  
Viral Isolates

We studied the possible role of the subways in the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in New York City during late February and March 2020. Data on cases and hospitalizations, along with phylogenetic analyses of viral isolates, demonstrate rapid community transmission throughout all five boroughs within days. The near collapse of subway ridership during the second week of March was followed within 1-2 weeks by the flattening of COVID-19 incidence curve. We observed persistently high entry into stations located along the subway line serving a principal hotspot of infection in Queens. We used smartphone tracking data to estimate the volume of subway visits originating from each zip code tabulation area (ZCTA). Across ZCTAs, the estimated volume of subway visits on March 16 was strongly predictive of subsequent COVID-19 incidence during April 1-8. In a spatial analysis, we distinguished between the conventional notion of geographic contiguity and a novel notion of contiguity along subway lines. We found that the March 16 subway-visit volume in subway-contiguous ZCTAs had an increasing effect on COVID-19 incidence during April 1-8 as we enlarged the radius of influence up to 5 connected subway stops. By contrast, the March 31 cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in geographically-contiguous ZCTAs had an increasing effect on subsequent COVID-19 incidence as we expanded the radius up to 3 connected ZCTAs. The combined evidence points to the initial citywide dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 via a subway-based network, followed by percolation of new infections within local hotspots.

scholarly journals Critical Role of the Subways in the Initial Spread of SARS-CoV-2 in New York City

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey E. Harris
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Radius Of Influence ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
Zip Code ◽  
Viral Isolates

We studied the possible role of the subways in the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in New York City during late February and March 2020. Data on cases and hospitalizations, along with phylogenetic analyses of viral isolates, demonstrate rapid community transmission throughout all five boroughs within days. The near collapse of subway ridership during the second week of March was followed within 1–2 weeks by the flattening of COVID-19 incidence curve. We observed persistently high entry into stations located along the subway line serving a principal hotspot of infection in Queens. We used smartphone tracking data to estimate the volume of subway visits originating from each zip code tabulation area (ZCTA). Across ZCTAs, the estimated volume of subway visits on March 16 was strongly predictive of subsequent COVID-19 incidence during April 1–8. In a spatial analysis, we distinguished between the conventional notion of geographic contiguity and a novel notion of contiguity along subway lines. We found that the March 16 subway-visit volume in subway-contiguous ZCTAs had an increasing effect on COVID-19 incidence during April 1–8 as we enlarged the radius of influence up to 5 connected subway stops. By contrast, the March 31 cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in geographically-contiguous ZCTAs had an increasing effect on subsequent COVID-19 incidence as we expanded the radius up to three connected ZCTAs. The combined evidence points to the initial citywide dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 via a subway-based network, followed by percolation of new infections within local hotspots.

scholarly journals What Not To Wear At The Opera: Outfitting Sociability At The Met

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Marland ◽  
Irene Gammel
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cultural Literacy ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
American Opera ◽  
Metropolitan Opera ◽  
Class Hierarchies

This research project proposes that fashion performs a critical role in the perpetuation of class hierarchies in American opera audiences. Dress is used by opera patrons as a mode of expressing their economic, social, and cultural capital, thereby affirming their status within society. The Metropolitan Opera house, opened in New York City in 1883, was built intentionally to create a space for the New York elite class to socialize, incorporating architectural features that reflected the power dynamics of New York society, effectively prioritizing sociability over musical integrity. This study is supported by analysis of early Vogue magazine articles that directly contributed to the formation of the opera as a pursuit for the upper-class; as well as a critical investigation of photographs drawn from the Met archive revealing the ways in which fashion at the Met performs economic and social power.. Ultimately, this project uses dress to examine the embedded class hierarchies that sustain an elite, exclusive audience for opera in America; indeed, the study shows that the combination of opera and fashion created class cohesion through mutually acknowledged cultural literacy in New York City.

scholarly journals Green Job Opportunities Through the Curriculum and Community Enterprise for Restoration Science in New York City

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Lauren Birney ◽  
Denise M. McNamara
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Informal Education ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Educational Opportunities ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Sustainable Change ◽  
Job Opportunities

This paper examines the current understanding of the green economy movement and the critical role that education plays in attracting a viable workforce for this relatively new crusade. By connecting youth with the importance of environmental concerns in their community, tangible opportunities for sustainable change are created. By giving human agency to some of the most marginalized populations in New York City, the opportunity to experience environmental challenges in the community in which they live exposes these students to a plethora of enriching and rewarding employment opportunities. By combining the stewardship of their environment with formal and informal education, the Curriculum and Community Enterprise for Restoration Science in New York City is presenting multiple pathways for employment and educational opportunities in the green economy.

“The Irish are for Freedom Everywhere”

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Nelson
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Black Nationalism ◽  
Great War ◽  
War For Independence ◽  
The Great War

This chapter is situated within the framework of the “Green Atlantic” and its relationship to socialism and black nationalism. New York City became a world capital of insurgent movements during and after the Great War. The experience of Irish nationalists in New York during this critical decade in Ireland's history—above all, the experience of the Irish Progressive League—further complicates the narrative of Ireland as “sacra insula” and of Irish emigrants as narrowly conservative. The Irish Progressive League, played a critical role in launching one of the most remarkable episodes of Ireland's war for independence—the Irish Patriotic Strike, which took place in New York Harbor for three weeks in August and September 1920. It was a rare moment—when Green and Black came together in a common struggle—but it was followed by Eamon de Valera's public lament that “Ireland is now the last white nation that is deprived of its liberty.”

scholarly journals What Not To Wear At The Opera: Outfitting Sociability At The Met

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Marland ◽  
Irene Gammel
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cultural Literacy ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
American Opera ◽  
Metropolitan Opera ◽  
Class Hierarchies

This research project proposes that fashion performs a critical role in the perpetuation of class hierarchies in American opera audiences. Dress is used by opera patrons as a mode of expressing their economic, social, and cultural capital, thereby affirming their status within society. The Metropolitan Opera house, opened in New York City in 1883, was built intentionally to create a space for the New York elite class to socialize, incorporating architectural features that reflected the power dynamics of New York society, effectively prioritizing sociability over musical integrity. This study is supported by analysis of early Vogue magazine articles that directly contributed to the formation of the opera as a pursuit for the upper-class; as well as a critical investigation of photographs drawn from the Met archive revealing the ways in which fashion at the Met performs economic and social power.. Ultimately, this project uses dress to examine the embedded class hierarchies that sustain an elite, exclusive audience for opera in America; indeed, the study shows that the combination of opera and fashion created class cohesion through mutually acknowledged cultural literacy in New York City.

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