Diversity, Rationality, and the Division of Cognitive Labor

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Muldoon
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Additional Insight ◽  
Division Of Cognitive Labor ◽  
Social Structure Of Science ◽  
The Social ◽  
Insight Into

Existing models of the division of cognitive labor in science assume that scientists have a particular problem they want to solve and can choose between different approaches to solving the problem. In this essay I invert the approach, supposing that scientists have fixed skills and seek problems to solve. This allows for a better explanation of increasing rates of cooperation in science, as well as flows of scientists between fields of inquiry. By increasing the realism of the model, we gain additional insight into the social structure of science and gain the ability to ask new questions about the optimal division of labor.

Inhabitants of heritage: the dwellers of an Italian Renaissance palace and their problematic eviction in Ferrara, 1900–1940

Urban History ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Michele Nani
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Italian Renaissance ◽  
Housing Problem ◽  
National Heritage ◽  
The Social ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Post War ◽  
Urban Demography ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract This article examines the eviction of tenants and squatters from a Renaissance palace in Ferrara, purchased by the Italian state in 1920. The case stands at the crossroads of three processes in European history between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries: the social and material ‘decadence’ of aristocratic residences, the birth of ‘national heritage’ and preservation policies and the explosion of the ‘housing problem’, following changes in urban demography and social structure. Considering a large range of sources, the article offers new insight into the conflict between different urban bureaucracies and inside them. It also explores the different forms of agency of working-class dwellers against the background of troubled post-war years followed by the advent of fascism.

Technical Studies-Early Use of Metals

1988 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Maddin
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Metallurgical Technology ◽  
The Social ◽  
Early Use ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Technical Studies

AbstractExcavated metals, some with secure dates as early as the eighth millennium BC, have been analyzed using a variety of scientific methods in order to provide insight into early metallurgical technology. The results are often used to reconstruct the role of technology in the social structure of the community. This lecture will review many of these methods giving examples from the examination of excavated objects.

The Role of Arts and Humanities in undergraduate Medical Curricula

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
E. Sukhanova
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Additional Insight ◽  
Arts And Humanities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Interpretive Skills ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Specific Learning

This paper will explore possible ways of integrating humanities disciplines in medical education.In today's world, medical students have to learn to understand the social and cultural environment in which medicine is practiced. The humanities have long since have been the principal site of diversity in the academy. Now they can help medical students come to terms with diversity that is the context ot today's medicine.Studies in arts and humanities help recognize the limitations of purely biotechnical approach to patient care, in complex and paradigm-changing ways. Such studies also pave the way for understanding how social assumptions and values play out in healthcare policies. In sum, the humanities provide an additional insight into the human condition, allowing students “to consider human beings in their totality,” in the words of Jean Delay, a pioneer of psychopharmacology who also maintained a literary career throughout his life.Furthermore, humanities contribute to the development of complex interpretive skills, embracing affective aspects of intelligence as much as they embrace conventional rationalist forms of inquiry such as logic, analysis, deconstruction and critique. There is some evidence that medical students who have an additional background in the humanities are less vulnerable to burnout while studying and go on to perform better in important areas of practice. Approaches to developing specific learning outcomes and curricular guidelines will be discussed.

scholarly journals Původ bipartity legisakčního řízení

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-85
Author(s):  
Pavel Záliš
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Municipal Law ◽  
Legislative Procedure ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
Insight Into

The first part of the article deals with theories dealing with the reasons and circumstances leading to the division of the legislative procedure into two phases, ie in jure, which took place before the magistrate and apud iudicem in which the dispute was decided by the appointed judge. In its basic features, it presents those theories that have significantly influenced the knowledge and further direction of research in this area. The next part deals in the context of the focus of this article with the municipal law lex Irnitana, which offers insight into the reformed formulated process, which, among other things, regulates the freedom of the disputing parties in choosing the person of the judge. The last part offers a perspective from the perspective of legal-anthropological and ethnographic research conducted in the last century in modern primitive societies, which can provide a broader insight for the purposes of studying Roman law and help clarify the motivations and reasons leading to the bipartite Roman process. Anthropological materials make it possible to better understand the legal and non-legal ties that are determined by the social structure of archaic and primitive communities. Thanks to this, we can identify some traditional errors concerning the approach of archaic and primitive societies to law.

scholarly journals Changes in social structure and the role of the peasantry

2014 ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srdjan Sljukic
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Sociology ◽  
Social Division ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sociology Of Agriculture

Modernization processes in rural areas not only lead to the separation of peasant (traditional) and rural, due to the deagrarization and changes of cultural and political patterns, but also to full integration of agriculture into the social division of labor. As a part of economy, agriculture, in a social sense, ceased to be linked exclusively to rural areas, which enables the distinction between sociology of agriculture and rural sociology. In this paper, the changes in class/strata structure of agriculture that took place during the last two decades in the Serbian society are described and explained. After that, an attempt was made to explain this new structure in the context of a broader structure of Serbian society and its reproduction, taking into the consideration the existing views (Lazic/Cvejic). The author especially emphasises his critical views on some disputable issues.

scholarly journals Analysis of spatial patterns in buildings (access analysis) as an insight into social structure: examples from the Scottish Atlantic Iron Age

Antiquity ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 63 (238) ◽  
pp. 40-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally M. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Geometrical Method ◽  
The Social ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

Clearly the pattern of space in buildings can be expected to relate to the way that buildings are used to structure and reproduce social relations. As an archaeologist, wishing to infer social structure by its reflection in the building pattern, one may hope the relation may be reasonably direct. Here the formal geometrical method of access analysis is used to elucidate the pattern in a distinctive kind of prehistoric settlement form, and thence to elucidate the social structure which both produced it and was structured by it.

scholarly journals RESPONS KOMUNITAS NELAYAN TERHADAP MODERNISASI PERIKANAN: STUDI KASUS NELAYAN SUKU BAJO DI DESA LAGASA KABUPATEN MUNA PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGGARA

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Awaludin Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Free Labor ◽  
Work Pattern ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Labor System ◽  
The Relationship

Fishery modernization by the Government of Indonesian is intended to alleviate fishery community poverty including for Bajau Ethnic fishermen.  This research is aimed at studying the relationship between the meaning of sea and work by fishermen and their acceptance to fishery modernization, impact analyzing of fishery modernization to work pattern, social structure, and the propesperity level.  This research is conducted in Lagasa Village, District Of Muna Southeast Sulawesi where Bajau ethnic stay.  Respondents consist of 45 ponggawas, 30 local sawies, and 25 sawies from outside village, 5 others as informants. Impacts of modernization to the fisherman community were shown by changes of job pattern that consisted of increasingly the capacity to explore and number of workers (sawi), the character of job tent semi-free labor system, the recruitment of workers became more selective, and the division of labor became more clear and hierarchism. After that, the impacts on the social structure occurred especially on the organizing of sharing holder system that was increasingly more formal, social stratification became more complex, economic activity more differentiated, and the pattern of work relation became semi-exploitative.Key words: impact of modernization, fisherman community, Bajau ethnic

Classification of Infant Vocalizations by Untrained Listeners

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 3265-3275
Author(s):  
Heather L. Ramsdell-Hudock ◽  
Anne S. Warlaumont ◽  
Lindsey E. Foss ◽  
Candice Perry
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Additional Insight ◽  
Listener Responses ◽  
Infant Vocalization ◽  
Early Infant ◽  
Infant Vocalizations ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Speech And Language Development ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose To better enable communication among researchers, clinicians, and caregivers, we aimed to assess how untrained listeners classify early infant vocalization types in comparison to terms currently used by researchers and clinicians. Method Listeners were caregivers with no prior formal education in speech and language development. A 1st group of listeners reported on clinician/researcher-classified vowel, squeal, growl, raspberry, whisper, laugh, and cry vocalizations obtained from archived video/audio recordings of 10 infants from 4 through 12 months of age. A list of commonly used terms was generated based on listener responses and the standard research terminology. A 2nd group of listeners was presented with the same vocalizations and asked to select terms from the list that they thought best described the sounds. Results Classifications of the vocalizations by listeners largely overlapped with published categorical descriptors and yielded additional insight into alternate terms commonly used. The biggest discrepancies were found for the vowel category. Conclusion Prior research has shown that caregivers are accurate in identifying canonical babbling, a major prelinguistic vocalization milestone occurring at about 6–7 months of age. This indicates that caregivers are also well attuned to even earlier emerging vocalization types. This supports the value of continuing basic and clinical research on the vocal types infants produce in the 1st months of life and on their potential diagnostic utility, and may also help improve communication between speech-language pathologists and families.

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