Rebels

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
Jessi Streib
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Institutional Rules ◽  
Institutional Knowledge ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Upper Middle Class

Men raised in liberal communities with low levels of academic and institutional knowledge see no institution that will reward them. In liberal communities, early marriage is frowned upon, and they did not receive the resources that would give them status in school, college, or work. They respond by becoming rebels—by repeatedly breaking institutional rules. This identity does not thwart their ability to stay in the upper-middle class at first, but it does after they graduate from college. Most become unemployed or underemployed—and begin to fall out of their original social class.

Stay-at-Home Mothers

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-44
Author(s):  
Jessi Streib
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Institutional Knowledge ◽  
Class Reproduction ◽  
Upper Middle Class ◽  
To Receive ◽  
College Educated ◽  
At Home

Women who identify as stay-at-home mothers have only one option for class reproduction: through marriage. Most college-educated professional men now marry college-educated women. Women raised with college-educated mothers tend to receive enough academic and institutional knowledge from their mothers to graduate from college, marry a college-educated professional, and reproduce their class position. Women raised without college-educated mothers tend to inherit less academic and institutional knowledge and struggle with or reject college. Wanting to become stay-at-home mothers, they marry young—but to working-class men who further their slide out of the upper-middle class.

‘How many taxis there needs to be?’ The sociolinguistic variation of need to in spoken British English

Corpora ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soili Nokkonen
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Sociolinguistic Variation ◽  
British English ◽  
Semantic Variation ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
Upper Middle Class ◽  
National Corpus

This paper explores need to, a semi-modal of obligation and necessity, and its semantic variation in connection with the sociolinguistic variables of gender, age and social class in the spoken demographic part of the British National Corpus. The semantic/pragmatic uses of need to include internal, deontic, dynamic and epistemic domains based both on traditional concepts and cross-linguistic studies. The sociolinguistic analysis applies the generalisations by Labov, but pays attention to the interactional styles and the communicative needs of the various social groups as well. The results reveal that need to is undergoing change. It shows monotonic distribution among adults, but it is slightly more common among men than women, and, in terms of social class, the upper middle class takes the lead. The semantic variation corroborates these findings – older speakers stick to the more traditional domains – but also reflects the gendered life stages and discourse styles of the speaker groups.

scholarly journals How does parental time relate to social class in a Nordic welfare state?

2021 ◽  
pp. 000169932110520
Author(s):  
Anne Lise Ellingsæter ◽  
Ragni Hege Kitterød ◽  
Marianne Nordli Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
Parental Time ◽  
Childcare Time ◽  
Upper Middle Class ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Class Divisions ◽  
The Relationship

Time intensive parenting has spread in Western countries. This study contributes to the literature on parental time use, aiming to deepen our understanding of the relationship between parental childcare time and social class. Based on time-diary data (2010–2011) from Norway, and a concept of social class that links parents’ amount and composition of economic and cultural capital, we examine the time spent by parents on childcare activities. The analysis shows that class and gender intersect: intensive motherhood, as measured by time spent on active childcare, including developmental childcare activities thought to stimulate children's skills, is practised by all mothers. A small group of mothers in the economic upper-middle class fraction spend even more time on childcare than the other mothers. The time fathers spend on active childcare is less than mothers’, and intra-class divisions are notable. Not only lower-middle class fathers, but also cultural/balanced upper-middle class fathers spend the most time on intensive fathering. Economic upper-middle and working-class fathers spend the least time on childcare. This new insight into class patterns in parents’ childcare time challenges the widespread notion of different cultural childcare logics in the middle class, compared to the working class.

scholarly journals Social and Structural Changes in Hungarian Talent Care: The case of a sports club

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-166
Author(s):  
Velenczei Attila ◽  
Kovács Árpád ◽  
Szabó Tamás
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Sports Club ◽  
The Social ◽  
Upper Middle Class ◽  
Demographic Description

Social and Structural Changes in Hungarian Talent Care: The case of a sports clubSociology of sport lacks information on the proper demographic description of athletes who are selected into a national sport talent care program. Therefore, the current study attempted to fill the gap in this area. Research from abroad has demonstrated that whilst sport appears to be a democratic social environment, the initial opportunities are not exactly equal. The majority of elite athletes come from the upper-middle class rather than the lower social classes (Coakley 1997, Eitzen & Sage 1997). The objective of the current study was to identify the social status of young athletes, from the Central School of Sports in Budapest, who took part in a Hungarian government-sponsored national sports talent care program. Another objective of the study was to assess possible changes on the social ladder with time. We were able to address the second issue through the examination of data collected 30 years ago in the same milieu and to compare it - with certain precautions - with a similar dataset obtained in the course of the current work. The interpretation of the data was based on the statistical analysis of the examined periods. The main findings indicate that most athletes in the Central School of Sports come from an upper-middle class social background, but there were some differences in the various types of sport. For example, pentathletes and water polo players come from the most advantaged social class. It appears then, that membership in a given social class is more important than the fair skill-based selection process.

Privilege Lost

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessi Streib
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
White Youth ◽  
Downward Mobility ◽  
Academic Knowledge ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Class Reproduction ◽  
Upper Middle Class ◽  
Class Youth

One in two white youth born into the upper-middle class will fall from it. Drawing upon 10 years of longitudinal interviews with over 100 American youth, this book shows which upper-middle-class youth are most likely to fall, how they fall, and why they do not see it coming. The book shows that upper-middle-class youth inherit different amounts of academic knowledge, institutional insights, and money from their parents. Those raised with more of these resources enter class reproduction pathways, while those raised with fewer of these resources enter downwardly mobile paths. Of course, upper-middle-class youth whose families give them few resources could switch courses by acquiring these resources from their community. They rarely do. Instead, they internalize identities that reflect their resource weaknesses and encourage them to maintain them. Those who fall are then youth raised with resource weaknesses, and they fall by internalizing identities that discourage them from gaining more resources. They are often surprised by their downward mobility as they observed other time periods in which their resources and identities kept them or their parents in their social class.

The Downwardly Mobile

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Jessi Streib
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Downward Mobility ◽  
Academic Knowledge ◽  
Class Reproduction ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Upper Middle Class

Downward mobility is common, but we know little about who falls from the upper-middle class, how, and why they don’t see it coming. This chapter provides an overview of how intergenerational downward mobility occurs. It shows that both resources and identities are associated with downward mobility from the upper-middle class. Individuals who inherit relatively high levels of academic knowledge, institutional insights, and money tend to develop an identity that leads them to maintain high levels of these resources. They use these resources to reproduce their class position. Individuals who inherit relatively low levels of academic knowledge, institutional insights, or money tend to develop an identity that encourages them to maintain their resource weaknesses. Without the resources that schools, colleges, and professional workplaces reward, they tend to enter downwardly mobile trajectories. They do not necessarily anticipate their impending downward mobility as they observe times when they or their parents moved toward class reproduction while not having high levels of these resources.

Relation of Altruism to Age, Social Class, and Ethnic Identity

1973 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 567-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Lowe ◽  
Gary Ritchey
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Return Rate ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
Upper Middle Class ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of age, social class, and ethnic identity to altruism was explored. 800 addressed but unstamped letters were dropped (‘lost“) at 4 locations, junior high, senior high, college, and adult sites, evenly distributed between 2 cities, one populated mainly by upper middle-class residents, and one populated mainly by middle and lower middle-class residents. One-half the letters were addressed to someone with a Spanish surname, and one-half to a Caucasian surname. Significant differences in the age and social class variables were found, but not in the ethnic identity variable. Older and upper middle-class Ss displayed more altruism as measured by their greater return rate of the lost letters.

Social class, language attitudes, and language use

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-30
Author(s):  
Binmei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Language Attitudes ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
Class Privilege ◽  
Upper Middle Class ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Few previous studies have examined the impact of social class on language attitudes and language use in mainland China. A total of 215 questionnaires were collected from a university in China for this study. The participants were classified into four social classes: upper middle class, middle middle class, lower middle class, and lower class. Then an individual interview was conducted with 10 students. Findings show that the students from the upper middle class had significantly lower attitudes toward local dialects and they had the lowest percentage of current use of dialect at home. The study adds evidence to findings of previous studies that local dialects might face certain danger of maintenance. It also shows that this change would start from people from the upper middle class. The study also points out a possible future tendency that social class privilege will play a more significant role in English learning and education.

scholarly journals Arisan Thalia: Gaya Hidup Para Sosialita Jember (Thalia Social Gathering: The Lifestyle of Jember Sociality)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Ita Purnamsari ◽  
Jati Arifiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Impulse Buying ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Ethnographic Approach ◽  
Social Gathering ◽  
Upper Middle Class

Thalia social gathering is the first upper-middle-class social gathering group in the Jember district. Their motivation for participating in social gathering activities is to expand social networks, add friends, and build symbols of self-existence. As members of the upper-middle-class social gathering, members of the Thalia group are very concerned about their appearance and fashion. They maintain their self-image and social class by using branded goods. The study wants to describe and analyze the meaning of social gathering activities as a lifestyle for socialites in Jember. This study uses a qualitative method with an ethnographic approach. The technique for determining informants is purposive sampling. This research found that the fulfillment of fashion needs sometimes makes them trapped in impulse buying, which causes them to be unable to put the brakes on shopping habits. It makes them trapped in a hedonic and wasteful lifestyle.   Keywords: A Social Gathering, Jember Upper Middle Class, Fashion, Lifestyle, Hedonism. Arisan Thalia merupakan kelompok arisan kelas menengah atas pertama di Kabupaten Jember. Motivasi mereka untuk mengikuti kegiatan arisan yaitu untuk memperluas jaringan sosial, menambah teman dan membangun simbol eksistensi diri. Sebagai anggota arisan kelas menengah atas, para anggota kelompok Thalia sangat memperhatikan penampilan diri dan fashion yang dikenakan. Mereka menjaga citra diri dan kelas sosial mereka dengan menggunakan barang bermerek. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis makna kegiatan social gathering sebagai gaya hidup para sosialita di Jember. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi. Teknik penentuan informan adalah purposive sampling. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa adanya pemenuhan atas kebutuhan fashion terkadang membuat mereka terjebak dalam impulse buying yang menyebabkan mereka tidak dapat mengerem kebiasaan berbelanja. Hal ini membuat mereka terjebak dalam sebuah gaya hidup hedonis dan konsumtif.   Kata Kunci: Arisan, Kelas Menengah Atas Jember, Fashion, Gaya Hidup,  Hedonisme. Daftar Pustaka Buku: Wahyunto. 2011. Masyarakat Konsumsi. Cetakan Keempat. Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana.   Nurani. 2003. Lifestyles: Sebuah Pengantar Komprehensif. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra.   Ritzer, G., dan D. P. Goodman. 2004. Teori Sosiologi Modern. Jakarta: Kencana. Spradley, J.P. 2006. Metode Etnografi (Terjemahan oleh        Misbah Zulfa Elizabeth) Yogyakarta: Tiara Wacana.   Sugiyono. 2006. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif       dan R&D. Bandung: Afabeta. Suyanto, B.   (2013). Sosiologi Ekonomi: Kapitalisme dan Konsumsi di Era Mayarakat Post-Modernisme. Jakarta: Kencana. Jurnal: Haryono, C.S. 2017. Kontestasi Simbol Kesuksesan Kaum Urban Jakarta Dalam Ruang Liminal Arisan Keluarga. Jurnal Scriptura. Vol 7:1,  27-35. Hendarningrum, R., dan M. E. Susilo. 2008. Fashion dan Gaya Hidup: Identitas dan komunikasi. Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi. Vol 6:2, 25-32. Website: http://www.jemberkab.go.id/tmiterapung/, diakses pada 21 April 2019 https://www.liputan6.com/lifestyle/rea d/2431347/valentine-cintadan-warna-pink, diakses pada 10 Mei 2019  

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