Characterizing and Mapping Health in Urban Areas

2020 ◽  
pp. 156-178
Author(s):  
Gina S. Lovasi ◽  
Steve Melly
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Needs Assessment ◽  
Urban Health ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Multiple Outcomes ◽  
Urban Context

This chapter highlights how the measurement and mapping of multiple outcomes in urban health can serve goals of local needs assessment and surveillance in cities. A range of data sources and associated issues within an urban context are described. In addition, geographic information systems terms are highlighted, including those relevant to visually representing geographically referenced health data.

scholarly journals Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in Urban Planning

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Sonila Xhafa ◽  
Albana Kosovrasti
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Centers

Geographic information systems can be defined as a intelligent tool, to which it relates techniques for the implementation of processes such as the introduction, recording, storage, handling, processing and generation of spatial data. Use of GIS in urban planning helps and guides planners for an orderly development of settlements and infrastructure facilities within and outside urban areas. Continued growth of the population in urban centers generates the need for expansion of urban space, for its planning in terms of physical and social infrastructures in the service of the community, based on the principles of sustainable development. In addition urbanization is accompanied with numerous structural transformations and functional cities, which should be evaluated in spatial context, to be managed and planned according to the principles of sustainable development. Urban planning connects directly with land use and design of the urban environment, including physical and social infrastructure in service of the urban community, constituting a challenge to global levels. Use of GIS in this field is a different approach regarding the space, its development and design, analysis and modeling of various processes occurring in it, as well as interconnections between these processes or developments in space.

A Multi-Feature Based Automatic Approach to Geospatial Record Linking

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-30
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Puhai Yang ◽  
Chaopeng Li ◽  
Gengrui Zhang ◽  
Cheng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Multiple Features ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Record Similarity

This article describes how geographic information systems (GISs) can enable, enrich and enhance geospatial applications and services. Accurate calculation of the similarity among geospatial entities that belong to different data sources is of great importance for geospatial data linking. At present, most research works use the name or category of the entity to measure the similarity of geographic information. Although the geospatial relationship is significant for geographic similarity measure, it has been ignored by most of the previous works. This article introduces the geospatial relationship and topology, and proposes an approach to compute the geospatial record similarity based on multiple features including the geospatial relationships, category and name tags. In order to improve the flexibility and operability, supervised machine learning such as SVM is used for the task of classifying pairs of mapping records. The authors test their approach using three sources, namely, OpenStreetMap, Google and Wikimapia. The results showed that the proposed approach obtained high correlation with the human judgements.

A worldwide meta-analysis review of restriction criteria for landfill siting using geographic information systems

2020 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2096283
Author(s):  
Victor Fernandez Nascimento ◽  
Anna Isabel Silva Loureiro ◽  
Pedro R. Andrade ◽  
Laurindo Antonio Guasselli ◽  
Jean Pierre Balbaud Ometto
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Site Location ◽  
Landfill Siting ◽  
Surface Water Resources

One of the most crucial parts of solid waste management is determining landfill site location, since multiple factors must be considered and there is no universal formula. The main purpose of this study is to make a worldwide systematic review of restriction criteria used for landfill siting using geographic information systems (GIS). Literature from the last years was thoroughly assessed, and 45 restrictions found were classified as environmental, economic, or social criteria. Our findings show that although the number of articles published has increased recently, they use on average seven restrictions, focusing mainly on environmental over economic and social criteria. In our boxplot statistical analysis, the most frequently used environmental restrictions are the distance from surface water resources (used in 77% of articles), slope (52%), and distance from groundwater founts (40%), with a median of 300 m, 20%, and 250 m, respectively. The most frequently used economic restrictions are distances from roads (60%), airports (40%), and power lines (18%), with medians of 275 m, 3000 m, and 75 m, respectively. The most frequently used social restrictions are distances from urban areas (45%), settlements and residential areas (40%), and cultural heritage or archaeological areas (23%), with medians of 1000 m. This information might help, on the one hand, governments to develop new legislation about landfill siting and on the other hand, decision-makers and scientists to produce new studies with different restrictive scenarios.

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