Embryonic development—the first few weeks

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin E. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Developmental Anatomy ◽  
Fetal Period ◽  
Embryonic Period ◽  
Degree Of Overlap

Embryology is a fascinating subject and is the foundation of the development, growth, and maturation of all the cells, organs, and tissues of the body. Strictly, embryology is the study of the early processes of development beginning at fertilization and following the processes that turn a single cell into a multicellular organism. It is all about generation of the building blocks required to make a human body. Developmental anatomy is the study of how these building blocks are turned into specific cells, tissues, and organs as well as the general growth of the body. As you will soon appreciate in the following paragraphs, all organs and systems do not develop at the same rate so there is a degree of overlap between embryology and developmental anatomy. For example, the heart and circulatory system must develop and be functioning very early in development to ensure adequate supplies of nutrients to the developing fetal tissues. Teeth, on the other hand, are not going to be used until about six months after birth at the earliest; while the heart is already beating away, each developing tooth is merely a tiny group of cells bearing little resemblance to a fully formed tooth. Human gestation is considered to take nine months; more accurately, it usually lasts for 38 to 39 weeks from fertilization to birth. Clinically, it is divided into three trimesters of three months each. In this chapter, we will focus on events in the first few weeks. During the first two and a half weeks after fertilization, the very basic building blocks are formed from the single fertilized cell; this is the pre-embryonic period. The embryonic period covers the next five and half weeks during which these basic building blocks develop into the cells, tissues, and organs. As already indicated, some of these may be in a very rudimentary state at the end of the embryonic period. The remaining 30 or so weeks is the fetal period when the tissues and organs of the body grow and develop and the fetus grows considerably. We are not fully mature organisms at birth and have another 20 years a-growing.

Bodies of Meaning: Studies on Language, Labor, and Liberation. By David McNally. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2000. 277p. $72.50 cloth, $23.95 paper.

2002 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-191
Author(s):  
Nicholas Xenos
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Walter Benjamin ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
State University ◽  
The Real

David McNally styles this book as beginning in a polemic and ending in a “materialist approach to language” much indebted to the German critic Walter Benjamin. The charge is that “postmodernist theory, whether it calls itself poststructuralism, deconstruction or post-Marxism, is constituted by a radical attempt to banish the real human body—the sensate, biocultural, laboring body—from the sphere of language and social life” (p. 1). By treating language as an abstraction, McNally argues, postmodernism constitutes a form of idealism. More than that, it succumbs to and perpetuates the fetishism of commodities disclosed by Marx insofar as it treats the products of human laboring bodies as entities independently of them. Clearly irritated by the claims to radicalism made by those he labels postmodern, McNally thinks he has found their Achilles' heel: “The extra-discursive body, the body that exceeds language and discourse, is the ‘other’ of the new idealism, the entity it seeks to efface in order to bestow absolute sovereignty on language. To acknowledge the centrality of the sensate body to language and society is thus to threaten the whole edifice of postmodernist theory” (p. 2).

scholarly journals ANDROID APPLICATION FOR MEASURING HUMAN BODY TEMPERATURE AND FORCASTING FUTURE ILLNESS

2014 ◽  
pp. 161-164
Author(s):  
S PRABHAKARAN ◽  
DHANESHWARI KUMARI ◽  
RIA AHUJA
Keyword(s):  
Operating System ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Mobile Device ◽  
Human Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Android Application ◽  
Human Body Temperature ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Android Operating System

Android Application for measuring human body temperature is a new age mobile thermometer. This kind of application already exists but requires manual feeding temperature. In our project, we propose an application which will measure the body temperature automatically while the user is operating the mobile device. It has an in-built function which can trigger alert messages whenever the temperature becomes critical more than normal human body temperature. The display segment of the device is made up of capacitive touch screen, which can act upon the bioelectricity produced by human body with each and every touch. This application requires Android Operating System Version 2.2. It will also diagnose the other diseases the user might have depending upon the symptoms entered.

TALL HISTORIES: HEIGHT AND GEORGIAN MASCULINITIES

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 79-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew McCormack
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Human Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

ABSTRACTHeight is rarely taken seriously by historians. Demographic and archaeological studies tend to explore height as a symptom of health and nutrition, rather than in its own right, and cultural studies of the human body barely study it at all. Its absence from the history of gender is surprising, given that it has historically been discussed within a highly gendered moral language. This paper therefore explores height through the lens of masculinity and focuses on the eighteenth century, when height took on a peculiar cultural significance in Britain. On the one hand, height could be associated with social status, political power and ‘polite’ refinement. On the other, it could connote ambition, militarism, despotism, foreignness and even castration. The article explores these themes through a case-study of John Montagu, earl of Sandwich, who was famously tall and was frequently caricatured as such. As well as exploring representations of the body, the paper also considers corporeal experiences and biometric realities of male height. It argues that histories of masculinity should study both representations of gender and their physical manifestations.

scholarly journals Human corporeality in Georges Bataille’s heterology

2020 ◽  
pp. 375-383
Author(s):  
Svetlana A. Gorchakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Inner Experience ◽  
Body Experience ◽  
Affirmation Of Life ◽  
Nature Awareness ◽  
Extreme Edge

In the heterology of G. Bataille, a person appears as a being doomed to death and revealing gaps in the depths of himself. That is why the idea of human corporeality turns out to be connected with the idea of inner experience, which represents a movement to the «edge of the possible» and through which death is revealed. It is death and the ability to discover it that makes a person who he is, affirming the transgressiveness of the human body and human being. Death, being absolutely heterogeneous, constitutes a person as a self-that-dies, revealing the gap that comprises its nature. Awareness of death leads to a feeling of eroticism, which contains the simultaneous affirmation of life in combination with the acceptance of death. Moreover, death is the semantic core of eroticism. The human is a «gaping hole» opening wide to the other, and all his being presupposes discontinuity and ecstasy, which means that only excess puts a man on the edge, allowing him to transcend all boundaries. In this case, the inner experience turns out to be in many ways a body experience, because the heterogeneous is constantly manifested in the ultimate experiences of the body and the ultimate manifestations of the human corporeality, where horror and lust, attractiveness and disgust are fused together. Human experience is the experience of the limits and gaps in which a person seeks to get beyond his limits, to surpass his anthropomorphic and body boundaries in an act of self-waste. Thus, being on the extreme edge, the human discovers death through transgression, but exactly in the understanding and acceptance of death he acquires true being and overcomes his own corporeality.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF HISTOLOGICAL CONCEPT IN AYURVEDA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2135-2139
Author(s):  
Doley Lakhiprova ◽  
Soni Gaurav
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
The Body ◽  
Epithelial Tissue ◽  
Functional Aspect ◽  
Broad Aspect ◽  
The Way

Histology is the science where microanatomy of cells and tissues are studied, including their role in the body, and the way they are affected by disease. They are the basic elements and building blocks of everything in the body. Therefore, a thorough knowledge of normal histology is very important for the understanding of the normal func- tioning of the human body. It also forms the essential basis for the study of the changes in various tissues and or- gans in disease conditions. In Ayurveda, the micro-anatomical concept can be emphasized under the heading of Paramanu, which can be further elaborated in other different anato-physiological concepts like - Dosha, Dhatu, Upadhatu, Kala in a broad aspect. Srota also in its functional aspect highlights the histological concept. Among all these, Kala and Dhatu specifically indicate the different limiting membrane and tissue of the body. Bhagavata emphasized the Kala as fibrous, serous, or mucosal structures of the body. Therefore, it is necessary to ascertain and re-establish nearest histological concept available in different classics emphasizing on the modern platform for better understanding and implementation of novel innovation. Keywords: Kala, Dhatu, Epithelial tissue, Muscle tissue, Haemopoetic tissue.

scholarly journals A CRITICAL STUDY OF ANNAVAHA SROTAS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1521-1528
Author(s):  
Niraj Gole ◽  
Pankaj Gupta ◽  
Nisha Bhalerao ◽  
Arvind Kumar Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
The Body ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Developmental Anatomy ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Basic Need

Ayurveda has its holistic approach to understanding the Purush Sharir by different theories like the Srotas, the concept of Srotas is a unique contribution in the understanding of the anatomy of the human body. There is a de- scription of Srotas by 13 Acharya Charak and 11 pairs of Srotas by Acharya Sushrut, both Acharyas described Annavaha Srotas and its Moolas. Acharya Dhanwantari all parts of the body formed at the same time due to Va- yu. Vayu along with Pitta demarcates channels according to purpose; similarly, entering Mamsa (flesh) demar- cates muscles. Matrija Bhava and PitrajBhav are helpful in the origin of Annavaha Srotas. In the classics, Achar- ya says about three Pillars of life viz Ahara, Nidra and Brahamacarya. Ahara is a basic need of all living things. Annavaha Srotas is one of the types of Srotas described in all important Samhita. Keywords: Annavaha Srotas, Sroto Moola, Annavahidhamni, Amashaya and Vamparshava

scholarly journals Geography of the Body: Jean Epstein’s Poetics and Conceptualization of the Body in his Unpublished Writings

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-63
Author(s):  
Daniel Pitarch Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male Homosexual ◽  
Complete Account ◽  
Short Essays

Abstract Jean Epstein wrote many books during his life, but some of them were left unpublished. This unpublished corpus is of significant importance to understand his work and thinking. In this essay I address three of these books: Ganymède (a book on male homosexual ethics), Contre-pensées (Counter-Thoughts), a compilation of short essays on a wide variety of topics), and L’autre ciel (The Other Heaven), a literary work. My main purpose is to better understand a major motif in Epstein’s thought: the human body. These writings show how his interest in physiology was profound and very important during his whole life, and how he always emphasized the material side of any psychology, identity, or thought. Secondly, they address the topic of artificiality and humanity. Epstein claims that what is specifically human is to evolve through specialization and reification, even if it were against nature. And thirdly, they fully disclose the inherent sensuality of some Epstein texts (for instance his descriptions of close ups); one of the major subjects of L’autre ciel is male homoeroticism. These unpublished writings shed new light on Epstein’s film writings and must be considered in order to do a complete account of his work and thought.

scholarly journals Reading The Road with Paul Ricoeur and Julia Kristeva: The Human Body as a Sacred Connection

Text Matters ◽  
2014 ◽  
pp. 99-115
Author(s):  
Stephanie Arel
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Contemporary Problem ◽  
Julia Kristeva ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Road ◽  
The World ◽  
Psychoanalytic Approach ◽  
Present Site

Cormac McCarthy’s novel The Road confronts readers with a question: what is there to live towards after apocalypse? McCarthy locates his protagonists in the aftermath of the world’s fiery destruction, dramatizing a relationship between a father and a son, who are, as McCarthy puts it, “carrying the fire.” This essay asserts that the body carrying the fire is a sacred, incandescent body that connects to and with the world and the other, unifying the human and the divine. This essay will consider the body as a sacred connection in The Road. Paul Ricoeur’s hermeneutics and Julia Kristeva’s psychoanalytic approach will help to explore what is sacred. In addition, their works elucidate the body as a present site of human connection and sacredness while calling attention to what is glaringly absent yet hauntingly present in McCarthy’s text: the mother. In the aftermath of destruction, primitive, sacred connections become available through the sensual body, highlighting what is at stake in the novel: the connection of body and spirit. The essay will attempt to show that McCarthy’s rejection of a redemptive framework, or hope in an otherworldly reality, shrouds spirit in physicality symbolized by the fire carried by the body. This spirit offers another kind of hope, one based on the body’s potential to feel and connect to the other. The thought and works of Ricoeur and Kristeva will broaden a reading of McCarthy’s novel, especially as a statement about the unification of body and spirit, contributing a multidimensional view of a contemporary problem regarding what sustains life after a cataclysmic event.

scholarly journals II. The post-embryonic development of Julus terrestris

1888 ◽  
Vol 43 (258-265) ◽  
pp. 243-245 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Generative Organs

With regard to the development of the cœlom and generative organs, I have obtained the following results. The somites divide into two parts, as described for Strongylosoma by Metschnikoff, one part remaining in the body and the other part projecting into the legs. The cavities in these two parts together constitute the cœlom. The part within the legs breaks up and the cells give rise to muscles.

Appendix to a former paper on human osteology

1837 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 294-294
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Human Osteology ◽  
Linear Representations ◽  
Human Bones

This appendix contains linear representations of various dimen­sions of the bones of the human body, both male and female, with a view to facilitate the comparison of the human frame with that of other animals, and reduce it to definite laws. The author states that many of the rectilinear dimensions of human bones appear to be mul­tiples of one unit, namely, the breadth of the cranium directly over the external passage of the ear; a dimension which he has found to be the most invariable in the body. No division of that dimension was found by him to measure the other dimensions so accurately as that by seven, or its multiples. Of such seventh parts there appear to be twelve in the longitudinal extent of the back, and ninety-six in the height of the whole body.

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