Analyzing Interviews

Author(s):  
Kathleen Gerson

Chapter 6 describes the process of analyzing interview transcripts, which involves a search for the patterns concealed within the complex material that these transcripts contain. Analyzing interview data involves a number of methodological strategies. These include immersing oneself in the findings; developing concepts and organizing the material conceptually; attending to non-relationships and contradictory findings; and applying the basic rules of the logic of inquiry, such as conducting a comparative analysis and examining the time order of events and responses to events. All these steps provide ways to impose order on messy material, which then increases the chances of making empirical discoveries and theoretical breakthroughs. The chapter provides a step-by-step consideration of how coding and categorizing can be used to make sense out of the material. By dividing the analytic process into separate concrete steps, analysis becomes more manageable, less intimidating, and more fun. This systematic approach also increases confidence in the findings, enhances their credibility, and raises the potential for making theoretical breakthroughs.

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Rozhnova ◽  
A. V. Tsypkina

Introduction. In the development and introduction of medicines into production, the aim of pharmaceutical manufacturers is to comply with the principle of «Quality-by-Design» (QbD). The International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) has created a number of GxP standards, which have become the regulatory framework for the development of documentation regulating the requirements for the development and production of drug products for countries focused on bringing their products to the world pharmaceutical market. The analysis of the system of regulation of pharmaceutical stages of development of new drugs in the territory of the Eurasian Economic Union was not considered, but for the formation of a systematic approach to the management of the process of pharmaceutical development it is necessary to describe them.Aim. To analyze the possibility of applying the QbD principle to the process of drug development at domestic pharmaceutical enterprises.Materials and methods. Content analysis of scientific publications, system and comparative analysis, sociological methods of research in the field of pharmaceutical development.Results and discussions. Regulatory state requirements to the organization and conduct of drug development procedures are analyzed and described. A number of systemic and sectoral problems typical for domestic pharmaceutical manufacturers in the organization of the development and implementation of new drug products. It is established that one of the main problems for Russian enterprises was the organization of the process as a whole and its individual procedures. To solve the problem of organization of procedures for the development and implementation of new medicines, we formed a methodological support, developed on the basis of a systematic approach and international requirements from the quality system.Conclusion. The main problem identified by the manufacturers is the lack of methodological support for the organization of the processes of pharmaceutical development and the introduction of new drugs in the part of research going to the stage of preclinical and clinical development. The decisions adopted by the Eurasian Economic Union do not affect such aspects of pharmaceutical development regulation as the organization of processes, their management and methodological support aimed at the implementation of the QbD principle. To solve this problem, we have developed guidelines for the implementation of the processes of pharmaceutical development and the introduction of new drug products, which allowed us to apply unified and formalized approaches to their organization. 


2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-44
Author(s):  
E. Y. Merkulova

The purpose of the study is to study the level of labor productivity as the most important conditions for sustainable economic growth and improving the competitiveness of the national economy Materials and methods. The study used the methods of analysis of composition and structure, the calculation of absolute and relative indicators of dynamics, average values, comparative analysis, graphical method of analysis, as well as the general theoretical method of analysis of Russian and foreign literary sources. The main research methods are cluster, stochastic and dynamic analysis. The study found application methods for collecting primary economic information, including analysis of legislative and regulatory acts of the Russian Federation, official statistical data, public reporting data of domestic enterprises, analysis of other open sources of information, a systematic approach, statistical and comparative analysis methods. The study examined the works of N.A. Alekseeva, G.A. Barysheva, V.Ivanter, A.Idrisova, S.V. Kaymanakova, N.I. Komkova, E.V. Kondratieva, I.T. Korodina, Kositsina, F.P., Kuvalin D., Kulkova V.M., Mamontova V.D., Nekipolova A., Nikulina OV, Oder D.E., Sapir J., Yuhacheva S.P. , Yantovsky A.A. and others. Results. Adhering to the opinion of well-known economists, we will consider economic growth as a system of interaction and reproduction of the elements and factors of economic growth of the national economy. Economic growth is determined by the factors that determine the pace and scale of the long-term increase in gross domestic product, the possibility of increasing the efficiency and quality of growth. The study made it possible to determine that the main factors affecting economic growth are labor productivity, the size of the average wage, and the amount of investment. In turn, labor productivity is also associated with the cost of technological innovation and the index of ingenuity. One of the qualitative characteristics of economic growth is labor productivity, which contributes not only to an increase in production, but also to an increase in the income level of the population due to an increase in the total consumption of goods and services. Conclusion. The implementation of the principle of faster growth of labor productivity over wage growth should take into account the need to ensure equity in income differentiation, which will stimulate the development of the creative potential of labor resources. To increase labor productivity in enterprises, it is necessary to introduce modern methods of process management, the principles of the organization of lean manufacturing. A systematic approach to solving these problems will make it possible in the coming years to improve the competitiveness of enterprises, and in the long term, it will contribute to a systematic increase in labor productivity and ensure decent economic growth.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1336-1346
Author(s):  
Borkova E. A. ◽  
Barsukova M. A. ◽  
Plotnikov V. A. ◽  
Vatlina L. V.

Purpose: The present paper is a study of the most well-known foreign and domestic methods for assessing the investment climate of the regions as well as identifying their main disadvantages. Methodology: The study of regional investment issues should be based on a systematic approach taking into account the positive and negative aspects of each methodology separately. Result: Opportunities to improve the competitiveness of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are considered, too. The existing methods applied by various research-rating agencies are considered in detail. Applications: This research can be used for the universities, teachers and education students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of comparative analysis of tools for estimation of the investment climate of territories is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.


2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrée-Anne Dumas ◽  
Simone Lemieux ◽  
Annie Lapointe ◽  
Marilyn Dugrenier ◽  
Sophie Desroches

This purpose of this study was to compare the nutritional content of vegetarian recipes published in food blogs written by registered dietitians (RDs) and by non-registered dietitians (non-RDs). Twelve food blogs written by RDs and 12 written by non-RDs were selected using a systematic approach. For each food blog, 2 vegetarian entrée recipes per season were selected (n = 192 recipes). Descriptive analyses were performed using Fisher’s exact test. Median nutritional values per serving between RDs’ and non-RDs’ recipes were compared using Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney tests. RDs’ recipes were significantly lower in energy, non-heme iron, vitamin C, and sodium, contained significantly more vitamin D and had a higher protein proportion than non-RDs’ recipes. Disparities were also observed across type of entrée and vegetarian dietary pattern. In conclusion, this study showed that RD and non-RD food bloggers provided vegetarian recipes with few nutritional differences. Whether expanding the comparative analysis between RDs and non-RDs’ blogs targeting different nutrition-related topics would yield different results remains to be investigated.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Favor Campbell ◽  
Timothy Haverda ◽  
John P. Bartkowski

Women’s bodybuilding has attracted attention from gender researchers. However, increasingly popular fitness shows that feature different competitive tracks—bikini and figure—have garnered very limited scholarly consideration. This study draws on interview data from twenty bikini and figure competitors as well as ethnographic research conducted at several prominent bodybuilding shows in Texas with fitness competition tracks. Our investigation provides a comparative analysis of women’s participation in bikini versus figure fitness competitions as an embodied gender practice. Participation in this relatively new sport underscores the interconnections between gender and variegated forms of embodiment that we call athletic, aesthetic, erotic, and everyday bodies. Pre-competition regimens pose challenges for women’s management of their bodies due to dietary deprivation, rigorous workouts, and the specter of track-specific judging criteria. Pre-competition strains are often evident in primary relationships as women’s bodies are prepared for aesthetic presentation in a way that, for bikini and especially figure competitors, can undermine physical functionality and social capabilities. Competitions themselves reveal relationships marked by a mix of camaraderie and hierarchy among competitors, with those in the figure track often viewed as more “serious” athletes but less conventionally “feminine” than their bikini counterparts. Post-competition, women often struggle to accept the return of their “normal” everyday body. This study reveals the agency of women and their bodies in the context of a fast-growing sport while considering the broader social implications of fitness competitions given their tracking of women’s bodies.


THE BULLETIN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (391) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
G.K. Bekbusinova ◽  
A.B. Baymbetova ◽  
А.D. Meldebekova ◽  
А.К. Zhakhmetova ◽  
Zbigniew Korzeb

The EAEU countries attach great importance to the integration interaction of financial and credit systems, since this can be considered as the creation of an accelerator for the development of financial relations between countries at a new economic level, when an effective redistribution mechanism of cash flows is formed, ensuring an increase in the investment development of countries. At the same time, a number of contradictions have developed in the formation of conditions for the integration of financial and credit systems, which is caused by differences in the system of institutional foundations for the functioning of national markets, as well as different levels of development of the markets themselves. The research carried out was based on a systematic approach to the problem under study. In the process of work, dialectical, abstract-logical, monographic, economic-mathematical, economic-statistical and other methods of economic research were used. Based on the methods of comparative analysis, the assessment of the development trends of the financial and credit systems of the EAEU countries was carried out, an assessment of the degree of their compatibility in the formation of a single financial market of the EAEU was given. To determine the factors influencing the process of integrating the financial markets of the EAEU countries, the study used a SWOT analysis, which made it possible not only to identify and evaluate the factors, but also to project their impact on the ongoing integration processes.


2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-543
Author(s):  
Natalia S. Gegelova ◽  
Yarileisy Barcelay Ramirez ◽  
Alexandra D. Rebrova

The article presents a comparative analysis of the bilateral perception of the image of Russia and Cuba. The study based on a survey of citizens and analysis of publications of the media of Cuba and Russia. The purpose of the study is to explore the actual problem of the formation of the image of the country in a foreign socio-cultural and media spaces. The article applies an integrated systematic approach and the use of interdisciplinary methods and techniques. In the conclusion the actual opinions of the Cuban population about Russia and Russian citizens about Cuba is identified on basis of the carried out a social survey and detailed examination of the publications about these countries in the international media, as well as in the media of both countries. The results of this work can be used by the relevant agencies of both the Russian Federation and the Republic of Cuba to further strengthen the positive image of their country through the media.


Author(s):  
Virginia Namiotko ◽  
Irena Kriščiukaitienė

Investment is important at the state and company level. Although various authors examine the determinants of farms’ investment, analysis is often limited to one investment theory. Moreover, investment decisions in agriculture don’t always comply with investment theory. Therefore, a systematic approach for evaluating the determinants of farms’ investment is still missing. The aim of this paper is to assess the determinants of dairy farms’ investment. The analysis of scientific literature, comparative analysis and generalization was employed to reveal and classify factors that affect farms’ investment, whereas logistic regression was used to assess determinants that affect dairy farms’ investment.


Author(s):  
E. G. Molotkova ◽  

The article presents a comparative analysis of urban planning complexes that turned out to be the first large objects of urbanization in Europe referring to the New Era. The introduction of a systematic approach to the development of vast wetlands and formation of an elite-type living environment is considered. The author reveals the characteristic features of residential buildings` morphotypes in St. Petersburg and Amsterdam referring to the early XVIII century and emphasizes the significance of the connectivity of territories and transport communications. The difference in the resources involved is noted, which is reflected in the project concepts and in the methodology for implementing the project. The article is the first part of a block of two articles.


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