The Nonlinear Interaction of Person and Situation (NIPS) Model and Its Values for a Psychology of Situations

2017 ◽  
pp. 13-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela S. Blum ◽  
Manfred Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Item Response Theory ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Nonlinear Interaction ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Logistic Function ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mathematical Form ◽  
Descriptive Model ◽  
Influence Behavior

The Nonlinear Interaction of Person and Situation (NIPS) Model (Schmitt et al., 2013) is a descriptive model that designates how personality traits and functionally equivalent characteristics of the situation interactively shape behavior. On the basis of the mathematical form of this model (i.e., a logistic function), we suggest the NIPS Process Model. Using previous results from item response theory and psychophysics, we determined which processes have to be considered in the person-situation interaction. The NIPS Process Model consists of four elements: activation (supplied by person’s threshold and situation’s demands), tendency (supplied by person’s bias and situation’s alternatives), inhibition (supplied by person’s avoidance and situation’s restrictions), and predictability (supplied person’s variability and situation’s selectivity). It systematically assembles the factors that influence behavior and is applicable to many psychological fields. It can be used to reflect on relations between process models in various psychological disciplines and provides guidelines for much-needed future research.

Item Response Theory and Music Testing

2019 ◽  
pp. 477-503
Author(s):  
Brian Wesolowski
Keyword(s):  
Item Response Theory ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Logistic Function ◽  
Response Theory ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
Latent Constructs ◽  
Item Parameters ◽  
Introductory Overview

This chapter presents an introductory overview of concepts that underscore the general framework of item response theory. “Item response theory” is a broad umbrella term used to describe a family of mathematical measurement models that consider observed test scores to be a function of latent, unobservable constructs. Most musical constructs cannot be directly measured and are therefore unobservable. Musical constructs can therefore only be inferred based on secondary, observable behaviors. Item response theory uses observable behaviors as probabilistic distributions of responses as a logistic function of person and item parameters in order to define latent constructs. This chapter describes philosophical, theoretical, and applied perspectives of item response theory in the context of measuring musical behaviors.

scholarly journals The measurement of populist attitudes: Testing cross-national scales using item response theory

Politics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M Van Hauwaert ◽  
Christian H Schimpf ◽  
Flavio Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Item Response Theory ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Response Theory ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
National Measurement ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cross National

Recent research in the populism literature has devoted considerable efforts to the conceptualisation and examination of populism on the individual level, that is, populist attitudes. Despite rapid progress in the field, questions of adequate measurement and empirical evaluation of measures of populist attitudes remain scarce. Seeking to remedy these shortcomings, we apply a cross-national measurement model, using item response theory, to six established and two new populist indicators. Drawing on a cross-national survey (nine European countries, n = 18,368), we engage in a four-folded analysis. First, we examine the commonly used 6-item populism scale. Second, we expand the measurement with two novel items. Third, we use the improved 8-item populism scale to further refine equally comprehensive but more concise and parsimonious populist measurements. Finally, we externally validate these sub-scales and find that some of the proposed sub-scales outperform the initial 6- and 8-item scales. We conclude that existing measures of populism capture moderate populist attitudes, but face difficulties measuring more extreme levels, while the individual information of some of the populist items remains limited. Altogether, this provides several interesting routes for future research, both within and between countries.

scholarly journals Using Item Response Theory to Develop Measures of Acquisitive and Protective Self-Monitoring From the Original Self-Monitoring Scale

Assessment ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 677-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Wilmot ◽  
Jack W. Kostal ◽  
David Stillwell ◽  
Michal Kosinski
Keyword(s):  
Item Response Theory ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Response Theory ◽  
Bivariate Model ◽  
Study Item ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
The Past ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Conventional Paradigm

For the past 40 years, the conventional univariate model of self-monitoring has reigned as the dominant interpretative paradigm in the literature. However, recent findings associated with an alternative bivariate model challenge the conventional paradigm. In this study, item response theory is used to develop measures of the bivariate model of acquisitive and protective self-monitoring using original Self-Monitoring Scale (SMS) items, and data from two large, nonstudent samples ( Ns = 13,563 and 709). Results indicate that the new acquisitive (six-item) and protective (seven-item) self-monitoring scales are reliable, unbiased in terms of gender and age, and demonstrate theoretically consistent relations to measures of personality traits and cognitive ability. Additionally, by virtue of using original SMS items, previously collected responses can be reanalyzed in accordance with the alternative bivariate model. Recommendations for the reanalysis of archival SMS data, as well as directions for future research, are provided.

Developing a Sequential Process Model of Coaching

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Zimmermann ◽  
Conny H. Antoni
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Psychotherapy Research ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Coaching Process ◽  
New Process ◽  
Coaching Outcomes ◽  
Underlying Processes ◽  
Intervening Variables ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract. Coaching research has to keep pace with the rapidly developing coaching practice. In order to strengthen theoretical and empirical knowledge, it is necessary to examine the efficacy of coaching, but even more important to develop a model of the underlying processes. By gaining a deeper insight into the coaching process and its causal mechanisms, knowledge can be generated that will enhance the efficiency of coaching in the future. In this paper, a new process model is developed, which draws on insights and methodological tools from psychotherapy research that are then applied to the coaching process. This model expands on existing process models by making new assumptions about concrete independent and intervening variables that influence coaching outcomes, and about the specific causal paths linking these variables. Special emphasis is placed on crucial variables that can play an important role in the improvement of coaching processes and in the prevention of negative coaching effects. In the second part of the paper, research on coaching is related to and integrated into the model. Finally, possible limitations of the model and present recommendations for future research are discussed.

The micro-processes during repatriate knowledge transfer: the repatriates’ perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 735-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Burmeister ◽  
Jürgen Deller ◽  
Joyce Osland ◽  
Betina Szkudlarek ◽  
Gary Oddou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Transfer Process ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Process Perspective ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to add a process perspective to the literature on repatriate knowledge transfer (RKT) and to understand how the knowledge transfer process unfolds in the repatriation context. Thus, this qualitative study uses existing knowledge transfer process models to assess their applicability to the context of repatriation and explain the micro-processes during RKT. Design/methodology/approach – To provide a rich understanding of these processes from the repatriate perspective, critical incidents reported by 29 German and US American repatriates were content-analyzed. Findings – The findings are summarized in a proposed RKT process model, which describes the roles and knowledge transfer-related activities of repatriates, recipients and supervisors as well as their interaction during four transfer phases: assessment, initiation, execution and evaluation. Research limitations/implications – The experiences of repatriates from different geographic areas as well as the perspectives of knowledge recipients and supervisors were not studied but should be included in future research. In addition, future research could test the applicability of the identified micro-processes to different knowledge transfer contexts. Practical implications – Managers can use the findings to facilitate the RKT process more effectively because the type of organizational support offered can be aligned with the changing needs of repatriates, recipients and supervisors during the four identified phases. Originality/value – This is the first study that takes a process perspective to understand RKT. The integration of the current findings with the existing literature can enable a more nuanced view on RKT.

scholarly journals Comparison between dominance process model and ideal point response model for personality assesment

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-452
Author(s):  
DongGun Park ◽  
MyungOk Choi ◽  
WonSun Lee ◽  
HyeMin Lee ◽  
JunHee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Item Response ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Classical Test Theory ◽  
Ideal Point ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Test Theory ◽  
Item Parameter ◽  
Dominance Model ◽  
Irt Model ◽  
Better Than

The present study investigated the utilities of two types of item response process models(dominance model and ideal point model) for personality item parameter estimation and scoring. The authors developed scales for four personality traits(achievement, fairness, cooperation and honesty) using classical test theory, dominance item response theory(IRT) method, and ideal point IRT method and compared the methods in terms of model-data fit, information and criterion validity. Results show that the fit of ideal point IRT model was better than that of dominance IRT model, but the difference between the fit of two models was very slight. The test information functions of ideal point IRT model and dominance IRT model for honesty and cooperation scales were very similar. The criterion-related validity based on individual ability estimates and grades was not significant for the three methods but the validity for the ideal point method is not better than dominant IRT model. Implications and limitations of the findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Comparison of Single-Response Format and Forced-Choice Format Instruments Using Thurstonian Item Response Theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Dueber ◽  
Abigail M. A. Love ◽  
Michael D. Toland ◽  
Trisha A. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Item Response Theory ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Response Format ◽  
Response Theory ◽  
Alternative Response ◽  
Single Response

One of the most cited methodological issues is with the response format, which is traditionally a single-response Likert response format. Therefore, our study aims to elucidate and illustrate an alternative response format and analytic technique, Thurstonian item response theory (IRT), for analyzing data from surveys using an alternate response format, the forced-choice format. Specifically, we strove to give a thorough introduction of Thurstonian IRT at a more elementary level than previous publications in order to widen the possible audience. This article presents analyses and comparison of two versions of a self-report scale, one version using a single-response format and the other using a forced-choice format. Drawing from lessons learned from our study and literature, we present a number of recommendations for conducting research using the forced-choice format and Thurstonian IRT, as well as suggested avenues for future research.

scholarly journals The Emergence of Item Response Theory Models and the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information Systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven P. Reise
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Item Response Theory ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Patient Reported Outcomes ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Measurement Information ◽  
Response Theory ◽  
Outcomes Measurement ◽  
Patient Reported

Item response theory (IRT) models emerged to solve practical testing problems in large-scale cognitive achievement and aptitude assessment. Within the last decade, an explosion of IRT applications have occurred in the non-cognitive domain. In this report, I highlight the development, implementation, and results of a single project: Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information Systems (PROMIS). The PROMIS projectreflects the state-of-the-art application of IRT in the non-cognitive domain, and has produced important advancements in patient reported outcomes measurement.However, the project also illustrates challenges that confront researchers wishing to apply IRT to non-cognitive constructs. These challenges are: a) selecting a population to set the metric for interpretation of item parameters, b) working with non-normal quasi-continuous latent traits, and c) working with narrow-bandwidth constructs that potentially have a limitedpool of potential indicators. Differences between cognitive and non-cognitive measurement contexts are discussed and directions for future research suggested.

ITEM RESPONSE THEORY APPROACH: KALIBRASI BUTIR SOAL PENILAIAN AKHIR SEMESTER MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Rahmat Danni ◽  
Ajeng Wahyuni ◽  
Tauratiya Tauratiya
Keyword(s):  
Item Response Theory ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Response Theory ◽  
Good Level ◽  
Level Of Difficulty

This study describes the item details of the final semester questions in Arabic MAN 1 Pangkalpinang using the item response theory approach. The problem behind this research is that the development of Arabic final assessment items did not go through the correct stages. Therefore, this research is quantitative research. The subjects of this study were 176 students of class XI MAN 1 Pangkalpinang. The answer data is in the form of answers to questions in the final semester in Arabic which are 40 multiple-choice items with five answers. The results showed that the final results of the Arabic semester (1) proved valid, indicated by 40 items (100%) with loading factors; (2) proven to be reliable, indicated by the reliability coefficient of 0.884; (3) there are 33 items (82.5%) of the 40 items that have a good level of difficulty and distinguishing power so that they can be stored in the question bank and used in subsequent activities, while 7 items (17.5%) are item number 10, 26, 27, 29, 32, 34, and 35 do not meet the criteria for a good level of difficulty so they need to be revised or eliminated; and (4) suitable for use in students with low to moderate ability (θ) in the range -3.5 to +1.5 in logit. Future research is expected to be able to analyze Arabic language question items in the form of descriptive tests on a large scale or develop high-quality high-order thinking skills in Arabic.

scholarly journals Pre-Statistical Harmonization of Behavioral Instruments Across Eight Surveys and Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 75-75
Author(s):  
Diefei Chen ◽  
Eric Jutkowitz ◽  
Skylar Iosepovici ◽  
John Lin ◽  
Alden Gross
Keyword(s):  
Item Response Theory ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Response Theory ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Study Heterogeneity ◽  
Review Question ◽  
Common Items

Abstract Data harmonization methods facilitate further use of existing studies and research resources. Most statistical harmonization methods require pooling data across studies, which is complex and requires careful scrutiny of source data. Most methods (e.g., item response theory) require datasets to have common items for linking a common construct across studies: this necessitates the qualitative process of pre-statistical harmonization. Here, we document pre-statistical harmonization of items measuring behavioral and psychological symptoms (e.g., agitation, wandering, etc.) which represent problematic behaviors among people with dementia administered in a national survey (ADAMS), evaluations conducted at Alzheimer’s Disease Research Centers (NACC), and in six randomized trials (COPE, TAP, ALZQOL, ACT, REACH, ADSPlus). We describe our approach to review question content and scoring procedures to establish comparability across items prior to data pooling. We identified 327 items from 15 instruments across these eight studies. We found considerable cross-study heterogeneity in administration and coding procedures for items that measure the same domain. For example, eight items were coded as count variables in some studies but as categorical variables in others. Moreover, of the 359 items, 191 are conditionally dependent on values of another item. These issues around item response heterogeneity and conditional dependency needed to be resolved prior to estimation of item response theory models for statistical co-calibration. We leveraged several rigorous data transformation procedures to address these issues, including re-coding and winsorization. This study provides guidelines for how future research may acknowledge and address similar issues in pooling behavioral and related instruments.

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