Contributions from the Sociology of Care in Latin America

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Batthyány
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Professional Lives ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
Organization Of Care ◽  
The Social ◽  
Latin American Countries

This chapter aims to provide some insights into how care emerged as a subject of sociological study in Latin America through the lens of gender inequality. Since its emergence as an academic concern, care has become one of the most dynamic and controversial fields of study in contemporary sociology. In Latin American countries, the social organization of care became important in the context of a “care crisis,” which was caused by a combination of increased female participation in the labor market, a more diverse organization of households and families, men’s infrequent participation in care and domestic chores, increasing life expectancy, and new care needs. Shifts in women’s professional lives, in combination with an absence of public services and social benefits that might have replaced some of the unpaid work women had performed within families, have given rise to the crisis of care.

scholarly journals Non-Contributory Benefits, Pension Re-Reforms and the Social Protection of Older Women in Latin America

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Arza
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Gender Gaps ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
The Social ◽  
Latin American Countries

Gender inequalities are a key issue for most pension systems in Latin America. Contributory pension schemes that link benefit entitlements to work and earnings tend to reflect in the benefits they offer the gender gaps that prevail in the labour market. This deepened with the implementation of individual private accounts as part of structural pension reforms in a number of countries. This article evaluates how recent pension policies, including measures geared to coverage expansion and so-called pension ‘re-reforms’, have addressed gender gaps in pensions in four Latin American countries. It shows that the expansion of non-contributory pensions and a greater emphasis on redistribution are important for the protection of older women in a context of gendered labour markets and the unequal distribution of paid and unpaid work between women and men. Looking at the cases of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Chile, the article identifies progress but also the persistence of gender gaps in pensions and emphasises the need for further measures to promote adequate social protection for older women.

scholarly journals History and Memory of Dissident Sexualities from Latin America

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 69-89
Author(s):  
Benito Bisso Schmidt ◽  
Rubens Mascarenhas Neto
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Global South ◽  
First Year ◽  
History And Memory ◽  
Special Collections ◽  
The Social ◽  
Multiple Challenges ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
General Profile

This article focuses on Red Latinoamericana de Archivos, Museos, Acervos y Investigadores LGBTQIA+ (AMAI LGBTQIA+), a network composed of researchers and institutions related to LGBTQIA+ memory in Latin America, founded in 2019. First, the authors analyse the network’s creation arising from the discontent of some participants of the June 2019 Archives, Libraries, Museums and Special Collections (ALMS) Conference, in Berlin, who felt bothered by the lack of attention given to subaltern perspectives on LGBTQIA+ history and memory. Next, the authors describe and analyse the network’s first year of activities communicated through its Facebook group. Multiple challenges arose from creating a network with members from different national origins, languages, and identities, especially considering the conservative political contexts of several Latin American countries and the social distancing measures imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Next, the authors present a general profile of the network’s members and a map of partner institutions. Finally, the article points out some challenges to the network’s continuity and its desire to render Latin America more visible in the broader panorama of global LGBTQIA+ history. The authors conclude by highlighting the importance of AMAI LGBTQIA+ in stimulating further discussions about the participation of global-south researchers and perspectives on global queer history initiatives.

scholarly journals Soziale Bewegungen in Lateinamerika

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (142) ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
"Mónica Bruckmann ◽  
Theotonio Dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Latin America ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Soziale Bewegungen ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Military ◽  
Latin American Countries

At the beginning of the 20th century, social movements in Latin America were heavily influenced by anarchist immigrants from Europe and then by the ideological struggles around the Russian revolution. Beginning in the 1930s, many social movements started to incorporate into leftwing and populist parties and governments, such as the Cardenismo in Mexico. Facing the shift of many governments towards the left and the 'threat' of socialist Cuba, ultrarightwing groups and the military, supported by the US, responded in many countries with brutal repression and opened the neoliberal era. Today, after 30 years of repression and neoliberal hegemony, the social movements are gaining strength again in many Latin American countries. With the anti-globalization movement, new insurrections like the Zapatismo in Mexico, and some leftwing governments coming into power in Venezuela, Brasil and other countries, there appears to be a new turn in Latin America's road to the future.

Local Governments in Latin America

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-50
Author(s):  
Enrique Rabell-Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Municipal Governments ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Policies ◽  
Latin American Countries

Comparison of local governments in federal systems helps design new policies. In particular, this study presents federal asymmetries of state and municipal governments in Latin American countries. To this end, the hypothesis states that nations with more symmetry would have greater governance within the federal pact. The study includes the social, political, constitutional, and economic subjects as main variables applied to the cases of Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico. The analysis is supported by coefficients and graphs to aid the multidisciplinary approach. The results show that Brazil is the most asymmetric nation and Mexico the most centralized.

scholarly journals Gender inequality in the care economy before the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Union European and Latin America and Caribbean

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carênina Albuquerque Ximenes ◽  
Helena Maria Albuquerque Ximenes ◽  
Ana Angélica Mathias Macedo ◽  
Fernando Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Unpaid Care ◽  
The Social ◽  
Latin America And Caribbean ◽  
Care Economy ◽  
America Latina

Abstract Background The pandemic drove the women to domestic tasks overload added by unpaid care activities that must be conciliated with their paid job. Thus, this work aimed to analyze the degree of the Objectives for Sustainable Development (ODS) Goal 5 performance that deals with gender inequality in the European Union (EU) and Latin America & Caribbean (LAC), due to their contrasts in the pandemic combat public policies and the social wealth constraints. Methods The study used a qualitative and exploratory methodology. The data were obtained from the European Institute for Gender Equality, UN Women, Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, and the Social Science Latin-American Conseil. Results In LAC women work three times more than men per day, considering the domestic tasks and the unpaid care activities, they also account for 72.8% of the health professionals receiving 25% less than men. The primary health assistance increase for women as well as the recording of domestic violence cases. In the EU the majority of health and care workers are also women, 76% and 86%, respectively. There, these women also receive less than men (6.5%), presenting excessive workload and life risk. Conclusions Impacting differences were observed on the gender inequality worsening in both studied regions after the pandemic beginning. It is urgent the establishment of proper public policies to minimize the excess of obligations on the women during the pandemic and to realign the ODS goal n° 5 in these regions.

scholarly journals Automobilität in Lateinamerika – eine historiographische Analyse

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 369-395
Author(s):  
Mario Peters
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The State ◽  
Car Ownership ◽  
Latin Americans ◽  
The Social ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Latin American Countries

Although car-ownership matters to many Latin Americans and cars are nearly omnipresent in daily life in Latin American societies, very little is known about important aspects of the social and cultural histories of automobility in Latin America. However, in the last ten years, several historians have begun to approach the meanings of automobility in Latin American countries. This trend is closely connected to recent developments and new approaches in the international research on mobility, the latter of which I discuss in the first part of this essay. To proceed, I analyze the state of the art on the history of automobility in Latin America, focusing on the following aspects: the emergence of early Latin American car cultures, car and traffic-related social conflicts, and road building. In the last part I ponder on the question of how future studies might advance the state of research on automobility and offer new perspectives on central themes in Latin American history.Although car-ownership matters to many Latin Americans and cars are nearly omnipresent in daily life in Latin American societies, very little is known about important aspects of the social and cultural histories of automobility in Latin America. However, in the last ten years, several historians have begun to approach the meanings of automobility in Latin American countries. This trend is closely connected to recent developments and new approaches in the international research on mobility, the latter of which I discuss in the first part of this essay. To proceed, I analyze the state of the art on the history of automobility in Latin America, focusing on the following aspects: the emergence of early Latin American car cultures, car and traffic-related social conflicts, and road building. In the last part I ponder on the question of how future studies might advance the state of research on automobility and offer new perspectives on central themes in Latin American history.

scholarly journals Integration in Latin America: centripetal and centrifugal trends

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 86-100
Author(s):  
Petr P. Yakovlev
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Technological Cooperation ◽  
Political Interaction ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Future ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Rules Of The Game

Latin American countries were the first in the developing world on the path of economic integration. In the region, back in the early 1960’s were created the integration groupings, with the aim of strengthening trade ties between the neighboring States and their position in the world economy. As a result, the integration process has been going on for about six decades, transforming the economies of Latin America. Integration largely determines the main vectors of development of foreign trade relations, affects the direction of cross-border investment flows, strengthens corporate relationships and the emergence of various forms of production cooperation, stimulates scientific and technological cooperation, “pushes” the countries of the region towards closer political interaction. At the same time Latin American integration appears a complex and contradictory phenomenon, its history has known periods of high activity and long pauses, reversals, attempts by individual States to revise the rules of the game, receive unilateral benefits. In recent years, the integration process in Latin America acquires new features and characteristics, increasing its importance for the social and economic future of the region.

scholarly journals Gender Equality and Inequality in Numeracy: The Case of Latin America and the Caribbean, 1880–1949

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Manzel ◽  
Jörg Baten
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Hispanic Caribbean ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Latin American And Caribbean

ABSTRACTThis article outlines the development of gender disparities in education for 28 Latin American and Caribbean countries for the period from 1880 to 1949, using age heaping techniques. We explore in particular the hypothesis of a U-shaped development of women's education during economic development, i.e., a decrease in gender equality at lower levels of overall education, and increasing gender equality at higher levels. For the downward sloping part, we find some evidence, although this part is relatively small. The upward sloping part is strongly confirmed. We also find that non-Hispanic Caribbean countries had substantially lower gender inequality rates than Latin American countries. A second major contribution is to document the development of average numerical abilities (of both genders) in these 28 countries.

An Introduction to Gender and Representation in Latin America

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie A. Schwindt-Bayer
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Latin American Politics ◽  
Gender And Politics ◽  
Women's Representation ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
Women’S Representation ◽  
And Gender

In this introductory chapter of Gender and Representation in Latin America, Leslie A. Schwindt-Bayer argues that gender inequality in political representation in Latin America is rooted in institutions and the democratic challenges and political crises facing Latin American countries. She situates the book in two important literatures—one on Latin American politics and democratic institutions, the other on gender and politics—and then explains how the book will explore the ways that institutions and democratic challenges and political crises moderate women’s representation and gender inequality. She introduces the book’s framework of analyzing the causes and consequences of women’s representation, overviews the organization of the volume, and summarizes the main arguments of the chapters.

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