scholarly journals Temperature-dependent egg production and egg hatching rates of small egg-carrying and broadcast-spawning copepods Oithona similis, Microsetella norvegica and Microcalanus pusillus

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 564-580
Author(s):  
Coralie Barth-Jensen ◽  
Marja Koski ◽  
Øystein Varpe ◽  
Peter Glad ◽  
Owen S Wangensteen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Hatching Success ◽  
Large Species ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Oithona Similis ◽  
Reproductive Rates ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Hatching Rates

Abstract Reproductive rates of copepods are temperature-dependent, but poorly known for small copepods at low temperatures, hindering the predictions of population dynamics and secondary production in high-latitude ecosystems. We investigated egg hatching rates, hatching success and egg production of the small copepods Oithona similis and Microsetella norvegica (sac spawners) and Microcalanus pusillus (broadcast spawner) between March and August. Incubations were performed at ecologically relevant temperatures between 1.3 and 13.2°C, and egg production rates were calculated. All egg hatching rates were positively correlated to temperature, although with large species-specific differences. At the lowest temperatures, M. pusillus eggs hatched within 4 days, whereas the eggs from sac spawners took 3–8 weeks to hatch. The egg hatching success was ≤25% for M. pusillus, >75% for O. similis and variable for M. norvegica. The maximum weight-specific egg production rate (μg C μg−1 C d−1) of M. pusillus was higher (0.22) than O. similis (0.12) and M. norvegica (0.06). M. norvegica reproduction peaked at 6–8°C, the prevailing in situ temperatures during its reproductive period. The difference in reproductive rates indicates species-specific thermal plasticity for the three copepods, which could have implications for present and future population dynamics of the species in arctic fjords.

scholarly journals Copepod reproductive success in spring-bloom communities with modified diatom and dinoflagellate dominance

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Vehmaa ◽  
Anke Kremp ◽  
Timo Tamminen ◽  
Hedvig Hogfors ◽  
Kristian Spilling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Hatching Success ◽  
Spring Bloom ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Natural Spring ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract Vehmaa, A., Kremp, A., Tamminen, T., Hogfors, H., Spilling, K., and Engström-Öst, J. 2012. Copepod reproductive success in spring-bloom communities with modified diatom and dinoflagellate dominance. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 351–357. Dinoflagellates have increased and diatoms decreased in the Baltic Sea in recent decades, possibly because of changes in the climate and altered patterns of stratification. The hypothesis that grazing copepods would benefit from the change in species composition was tested experimentally by studying the reproductive output of the crustacean copepod Eurytemora affinis in five Baltic Sea phytoplankton spring communities dominated by different dinoflagellates (Biecheleria baltica, Gymnodinium corollarium) and diatoms (Chaetoceros cf. wighamii, Skeletonema marinoi, and Thalassiosira baltica). After a 5-d acclimation and a 4-d incubation, egg production, egg hatching success, and the RNA:DNA ratio of E. affinis were measured. Egg production was highest on a G. corollarium-dominated diet and lowest on a S. marinoi-dominated diet and on a B. baltica-dominated natural spring bloom, but there were no differences in hatching success. The results demonstrate strong species-specific effects unconstrained by the dominating group. Hence, the hypothesis of specific effects derived from a diatom or dinoflagellate diet is too simplistic, and there is a need to explore phytoplankton taxa at a species level to reveal the reasons for copepod reproductive success.

Ecology of Pseudodiaptomus annandalei in tropical aquaculture ponds with emphasis on the limitation of production

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 741-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine GrØnning ◽  
Nam X Doan ◽  
Nguyet T Dinh ◽  
Khuong V Dinh ◽  
Torkel Gissel Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Fecal Pellet ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Pellet Production ◽  
Live Feed ◽  
Egg Production Rate ◽  
Tropical Aquaculture

ABSTRACT The calanoid copepod Pseudodiaptomus annandalei is used as live feed in aquaculture because of its nutritional value and the ability to cope with environmental fluctuations in outdoor ponds. However, little knowledge exists on its ecology. Here we investigated the ecology of P. annandalei in an aquaculture pond in Vietnam. Temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a and biomass of protozoans and copepods were monitored every other day for 1 month. Experiments on protozoan growth and grazing by P. annandalei were also conducted. Copepod fecal pellet production and temperature-dependent egg hatching rates were likewise quantified. Despite very high phytoplankton biomass, biomass of P. annandalei was surprisingly low. Copepod production was estimated from three independent methods: clearance, weight-specific egg production rate (SEP) and specific fecal pellet production rate. SEP proved to be accurate to predict the in situ population growth in the pond. A simple model for production of P. annandalei based on SEP was developed. Our study extends our knowledge of how environmental conditions in the pond may affect the population dynamics and production of copepods. The results have important implications for pond managements ensuring stable copepod production and harvest.

Influence of prey species and concentration on egg production efficiency and hatching success in Acartia tonsa Dana (Copepoda, Calanoida)

Crustaceana ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 675-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Wendt ◽  
P. Thor
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Hatching Success ◽  
Ingestion Rate ◽  
Acartia Tonsa ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Prey Concentration ◽  
Algal Diets ◽  
Demand Limit

We measured ingestion rate (IR), egg production rate (EPR) and egg hatching success (EHS) at increasing prey concentrations and calculated egg production efficiency (EPE) and maintenance rate (MR) in the estuarine copepod Acartia tonsa fed three different algal diets. EPR and EHS were relatively more affected by prey species than by prey concentration. EPEs were constant among carbon concentrations (C) on a diet of Rhodomonas baltica (0.202 ± 0.055, mean ± SD) and Dunaliella tertiolecta (0.034 ± 0.015), but decreased significantly from 0.371 ± 0.062 (mean of two lowest prey concentrations) to 0.200 ± 0.019 at the highest concentration of Thalassiosira weissflogii. In general it seems that other requirements than C demand limit EPE and EHS in A. tonsa. The MR (IR when EPR = 0) was significantly higher on D. tertiolecta, which also yielded the lowest EPEs, and it seems that variations in maintenance requirements may have been instrumental in evoking EPE variations as well.

scholarly journals Lack of evidence for elevated CO2-induced bottom-up effects on marine copepods: a dinoflagellate–calanoid prey–predator pair

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 650-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stamatina Isari ◽  
Soultana Zervoudaki ◽  
Janna Peters ◽  
Georgia Papantoniou ◽  
Carles Pelejero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Hatching Success ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Seawater Acidification ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Induced Changes

Abstract Rising levels of atmospheric CO2 are responsible for a change in the carbonate chemistry of seawater with associated pH drops (acidification) projected to reach 0.4 units from 1950 to 2100. We investigated possible indirect effects of seawater acidification on the feeding, fecundity, and hatching success of the calanoid copepod Acartia grani, mediated by potential CO2-induced changes in the nutritional characteristics of their prey. We used as prey the autotrophic dinoflagellate Heterocapsa sp., cultured at three distinct pH levels (control: 8.17, medium: 7.96, and low: 7.75) by bubbling pure CO2 via a computer automated system. Acartia grani adults collected from a laboratory culture were acclimatized for 3 d at food suspensions of Heterocapsa from each pH treatment (ca. 500 cells ml−1; 300 μg C l−1). Feeding and egg production rates of the preconditioned females did not differ significantly among the three Heterocapsa diets. Egg hatching success, monitored once per day for the 72 h, did not reveal significant difference among treatments. These results are in agreement with the lack of difference in the cellular stoichiometry (C : N, C : P, and N : P ratios) and fatty acid concentration and composition encountered between the three tested Heterocapsa treatments. Our findings disagree with those of other studies using distinct types of prey, suggesting that this kind of indirect influence of acidification on copepods may be largely associated with interspecific differences among prey items with regard to their sensitivity to elevated CO2 levels.

scholarly journals Ocean acidification challenges copepod reproductive plasticity

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 18541-18570 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vehmaa ◽  
A.-K. Almén ◽  
A. Brutemark ◽  
A. Paul ◽  
U. Riebesell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Hatching Success ◽  
Transplant Experiment ◽  
Female Size ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Transgenerational Effects ◽  
Egg Hatching

Abstract. Ocean acidification is challenging phenotypic plasticity of individuals and populations. Calanoid copepods (zooplankton) are shown to be fairly plastic against altered pH conditions, and laboratory studies indicate that transgenerational effects are one mechanism behind this plasticity. We studied phenotypic plasticity of the copepod Acartia bifilosa in the course of a pelagic, large-volume mesocosm study that was conducted to investigate ecosystem and biogeochemical responses to ocean acidification. We measured copepod egg production rate, egg hatching success, adult female size and adult female antioxidant capacity (ORAC) as a function of acidification (fCO2 ~ 365–1231 μatm), and as a function of quantity and quality of their diet. We used an egg transplant experiment to reveal if transgenerational effects can alleviate the possible negative effects of ocean acidification on offspring development. We found significant negative effects of ocean acidification on adult female copepod size and egg hatching success. In addition, we found a threshold of fCO2 concentration (~ 1000 μatm), above which adaptive maternal effects cannot alleviate the negative effects of acidification on egg hatching and nauplii development. We did not find support for the hypothesis that insufficient food quantity (total particulate carbon ~ 55 μm) or quality (C : N) weakens the transgenerational effects. However, females with high ORAC produced eggs with high hatching success. Overall, these results indicate that A. bifilosa could be affected by projected near future CO2 levels.

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