scholarly journals Cell Defense Responses Associated with Localized and Systemic Resistance to Phytophthora parasitica Induced in Tomato by an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1017-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Cordier ◽  
M. J. Pozo ◽  
J. M. Barea ◽  
S. Gianinazzi ◽  
V. Gianinazzi-Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Phytophthora Parasitica ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Cell Defense

The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae is able to confer bioprotection against Phytophthora parasitica in tomato roots. Localized and induced systemic resistance (ISR) have been demonstrated to be involved in pathogen control in mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal roots with a split root experimental system. Decreased pathogen development in mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal parts of mycorrhizal root systems is associated with accumulation of phenolics and plant cell defense responses. G. mosseae-containing cortical cells in the mycorrhizal tissues are immune to the pathogen and exhibit a localized resistance response with the formation of cell wall appositions reinforced by callose adjacent to intercellular hyphae. The systemically induced resistance in nonmycorrhizal root parts is characterized by elicitation of host wall thickenings containing non-esterified pectins and PR-1a protein in reaction to intercellular pathogen hyphae, and by the formation of callose-rich encasement material around P. parasitica hyphae that are penetrating root cells. PR-la protein is detected in the pathogen wall only in these tissues. None of these cell reactions are observed in nonmycorrhizal pathogen-infected root systems, where disease development leads to host cell death. The cellular and molecular basis of bioprotection by an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus is discussed in relation to that induced by other nonpathogenic microorganisms.

scholarly journals Effects of a new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus iranicum) on grapevine development

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 04018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Luciani ◽  
Tommaso Frioni ◽  
Sergio Tombesi ◽  
Daniela Farinelli ◽  
Tiziano Gardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Root System ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
One Year

During the spring of 2016, one-year-old own-rooted and 3-year-old grafted vines of cv. Sangiovese were treated with MycoUp, a formulation based on a recently identified mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus iranicum var. tenuihypharum sp. nova. The results are showing an impact on the development of the root system of the two different vine groups. The treated root systems were more expanded and able to explore a higher volume of soil. We observed a significant increase in total root volume and the volume of the soil explored by the entire root system, suggesting a more efficient use of water and nutrients, phosphorus in particular, with the potential of better overcoming periods of water stress.

Differential activation of H + -ATPase genes by an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus in root cells of transgenic tobacco

Planta ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 211 (5) ◽  
pp. 609-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Gianinazzi-Pearson ◽  
C. Arnould ◽  
M. Oufattole ◽  
M. Arango ◽  
S. Gianinazzi
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Differential Activation

Effect of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices on expression of cytoskeletal proteins in tomato roots

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Timonen ◽  
S E Smith
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Cytoskeletal Proteins ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Protein Pool ◽  
Tomato Roots

The expression patterns of the cytoskeletal proteins α-, β-, and γ-tubulin, actin, and myosin were investigated in young tomato roots and older roots at different intensities of mycorrhizal colonization. The relative level of cytoskeletal proteins was estimated by protein blotting and immunostaining. The contribution of plant α-, β-, and γ-tubulin to the total protein pool was higher in uncolonized 2-week-old roots than in 10-week-old roots, whereas the contribution of actin remained constant. The level of plant tubulin expression was clearly higher in mycorrhizal root systems than in uncolonized older root systems. These results indicate that tubulins are more involved in plant cell differentiation than actin. Myosin of approximately 230 kDa was expressed in the roots of 10-week-old wild-type tomato but not in young or mycorrhizal tomatoes. In contrast, a smaller ca. 170 kDa myosin was consistently present in all root samples. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy showed that plant myosin was located particularly along the periarbuscular membranes surrounding the arbuscule branches. In uncolonized roots, myosin was associated mainly with membranes adjacent to plant cell walls. These data provide novel evidence that myosin expression and localization in root cells responds to mycorrhizal colonization.Key words: actin, myosin, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, protein expression, tubulin.

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