Assessing the Use of DNA Detection Platforms Combined With Passive Wind-Powered Spore Traps for Early Surveillance of Potato and Tomato Late Blight in Canada

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaima Arocha Rosete ◽  
Henry To ◽  
Martin Evans ◽  
Kristine White ◽  
Michael Saleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytophthora Species ◽  
Passive Samplers ◽  
Lateral Flow Strip ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Commercial Potato ◽  
Spore Trapping ◽  
Alternative Approaches

Quantitative PCR (qPCR), loop-mediated amplification (LAMP), and lateral flow strip-based recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA-LFS) assays were assessed for early detection of Phytophthora infestans, the global causal agent of potato and tomato late blight, on passive wind-powered spore traps known as Spornados. Spore traps were deployed in potato and tomato fields during the 2018, 2019, and 2020 growing seasons in the provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Prince Edward Island, and Ontario. All assays used DNA extracts from Spornado cassette membranes targeting the P. infestans nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer. A total of 1,003 Spornado samples were qPCR tested, yielding 115 positive samples for P. infestans spores. In further assessment of these samples, LAMP detected P. infestans in 108 (93.9%) of 115 qPCR positive samples, and RPA-LFS detected it in 103 (89.6%). None of the assays showed cross-reaction with other Phytophthora species or pathogenic fungi known to infect potato and tomato. The qPCR detected ≤1 fg of P. infestans DNA, and LAMP and RPA-LFS amplified 10 fg in as little as 10 min. All assays detected P. infestans before the first report of late blight symptoms in commercial potato or tomato fields within each region or province. The combination of Spornado passive samplers with qPCR, LAMP, or RPA-LFS proved a valuable spore trapping system for early surveillance of late blight in potato and tomato. Both LAMP and RPA-LFS showed potential as alternative approaches to qPCR for in-field monitoring of P. infestans.

Soil inorganic nitrogen content in commercial potato fields in New Brunswick

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Zebarth ◽  
Y. Leclerc ◽  
G. Moreau ◽  
R. Gareau ◽  
P. H. Milburn
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
N Content ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Commercial Potato ◽  
Soil Inorganic

Information on inorganic N content in commercial potato fields in Atlantic Canada is limited. Soil inorganic N measurements were collected from 228 commercial potato fields from 1999 to 2001. Soil NO3 content to 30 cm depth at planting ranged from 2 to 124 kg N ha-1, and was generally higher for preceding potato, red clover, or hay crops compared to preceding cereal or other crops. Soil NH4 content to 30 cm depth measured at planting ranged from 3 to 64 kg N ha-1, indicating that both soil NO3 and NH4 need to be measured to assess plant-available soil N content in spring. Soil NO3 content to 30-cm depth at tuber harvest ranged from 3 to 250 kg N ha-1, generally increased with increasing fertilizer N application rate, and differed among different potato cultivars. Soil NO3 content measured to 30-cm depth in spring ranged from 3 to 100% of soil NO3 at harvest in the preceding fall, indicating that highly variable losses of soil NO3 from the root zone occur between growing seasons. Key words: Nitrate, ammonium, Solanum tuberosum L.

scholarly journals Rapid Detection of Phytophthora infestans in Late Blight-Infected Potato and Tomato Using PCR

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 1042-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Trout ◽  
J. B. Ristaino ◽  
M. Madritch ◽  
T. Wangsomboondee
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Phytophthora Species ◽  
Universal Primers ◽  
Direct Pcr ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Oomycete Pathogen

Late blight caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans is a devastating disease of potato and tomato worldwide. A rapid and accurate method for specific detection of P. infestans is necessary for determination of late blight in infected fruit, leaves, and tubers. Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) from four isolates of P. infestans representing the four genotypes US1, US6, US7, and US8 was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the universal primers internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 4 and ITS5. PCR products were sequenced using an automated sequencer. Sequences were aligned with published sequences from 5 other Phytophthora species, and a region specific to P. infestans was used to construct a PCR primer (PINF). Over 140 isolates representing 14 species of Phytophthora and at least 13 other genera of fungi and bacteria were used to screen the PINF primer. PCR amplification with primers PINF and ITS5 results in amplification of an approximately 600 base pair product with only isolates of P. infestans from potato and tomato, as well as isolates of P. mirabilis and P. cactorum. P. mirabilis and P. cactorum are not pathogens of potato; however, P. cactorum is a pathogen of tomato. P. infestans and P. cactorum were differentiated by restriction digests of the amplified product. The PINF primer was used with a rapid NaOH lysis technique for direct PCR of P. infestans from infected tomato and potato field samples. The PINF primer will provide a valuable tool for detection of P. infestans in potatoes and tomatoes.

scholarly journals Ametoctradin: a new fungicide for potato late blight control

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus Guerino Töfoli ◽  
Ricardo José Domingues ◽  
Walter Jacobelis Jr. ◽  
Marina Pacheco Lombardi Tortolo
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Potato Late Blight ◽  
Significant Control ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Commercial Potato ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Potato Crops ◽  
Application Volume

ABSTRACT: Late blight (Phytophthora infestans ) is among the most important and destructive diseases in potato cultivation. Aiming to evaluate the efficacy of the new fungicide ametoctradin, mixed with dimethomorph and metiram, an experiment was carried out in commercial potato crops (Ágata cultivar) in Pilar do Sul, São Paulo state, Brazil, during the growing season in 2013. A randomized block design was used, with 4 replications, on plots of 15 m2. Applications were carried out using a backpack sprayer with a spray-bar under 3 bar of constant pressure. The application volume varied from 300 L to 600 L.ha-1 based on crop development. The variables evaluated were leaf severity (0 to 100%), area under the disease progress curve, and yield. Ametoctradin + dimethomorph (1.25 L.ha-1) provided significant control of late blight, exceeding benthiavalicarb + fluazinam, dimethomorph + metiram, dimethomorph + pyraclostrobin, cymoxanil + mancozeb, metalaxyl-M + mancozeb, ametoctradin + metiram, and pyraclostrobin + metiram, although similar to ametoctradin + dimethomorph (1.00 L.ha-1), fluopicolide + propamocarb, and fenamidone + propamocarb. Ametoctradin + metiram resulted in moderate control, which was always similar to the standard. Ametoctradin and its associations represent a new alternative for the management of potato late blight.

The Effect of a Dominant Phytophthora infestans Genotype (13_A2) in Great Britain on Host Resistance to Foliar Late Blight in Commercial Potato Cultivars

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Lees ◽  
J. A. Stewart ◽  
J. S. Lynott ◽  
S. F. Carnegie ◽  
H. Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Commercial Potato

Efficacy of fungicides in controlling late blight of potato

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
MM Anwar ◽  
A Parveen ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
NU Mahamud ◽  
RK Roy
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Commercial Potato ◽  
Late Blight Disease ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Late Blight Of Potato

Potato cultivars grown in Bangladesh have low levels of general resistance to late blight. As such, most commercial potato farmers rely on fungicide applications for control of Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight. Management of late blight of potato requires an integrated approach that includes rotation with non-hosts, resistant cultivars, cultural practices, and fungicides. The study on efficacy of some new fungicides against late blight disease of potato was conducted at ARS, Alamnagar Rangpur during rabi season 2010-2011 to select suitable fungicides against late blight of potato. Thirteen different fungicides were tested and all the tested fungicides showed significantly better performance over control. Considering percentage disease incidence T4,T6 and T12 showed better performance than all other treatment. In case of T4,T6 and T12 treatment disease reduction was more than 80 % over control. Significantly the highest tuber yield 25.5 t ha-1was obtained from T3  which was statistically similar to the yield of T2,T5 , T6, T9, T10, T11and T12  treatment whereas the lowest tuber  yield 14.5 t ha-1 was obtained from control treatment. Field experiment was conducted from 2010 to 2011 to investigate the comparative efficacy of the fungicides. In the field, applications of fungicide that preceded the largest incremental increase in disease incidence provided the best control of disease or increased yield.Progressive Agriculture 26 (2): 103-108, 2015

scholarly journals The Genus Phytophthora Anno 2012

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurens P. N. M. Kroon ◽  
Henk Brouwer ◽  
Arthur W. A. M. de Cock ◽  
Francine Govers
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Phytophthora Species ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Irish Famine ◽  
Great Irish Famine ◽  
The 19Th Century

Plant diseases caused by Phytophthora species will remain an ever increasing threat to agriculture and natural ecosystems. Phytophthora literally means plant destroyer, a name coined in the 19th century by Anton de Bary when he investigated the potato disease that set the stage for the Great Irish Famine. Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of potato late blight, was the first species in a genus that at present has over 100 recognized members. In the last decade, the number of recognized Phytophthora species has nearly doubled and new species are added almost on a monthly basis. Here we present an overview of the 10 clades that are currently distinguished within the genus Phytophthora with special emphasis on new species that have been described since 1996 when Erwin and Ribeiro published the valuable monograph ‘Phytophthora diseases worldwide’ (35).

scholarly journals The Effects of Host Diversity and Other Management Components on Epidemics of Potato Late Blight in the Humid Highland Tropics

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 993-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Garrett ◽  
R. J. Nelson ◽  
C. C. Mundt ◽  
G. Chacón ◽  
R. E. Jaramillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Potato Late Blight ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Susceptible Host ◽  
Host Diversity ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Commercial Potato ◽  
Diversity Effect ◽  
Diversity Effects

A field study at three highland sites near Quito, Ecuador, was conducted to determine whether host-diversity effects on potato late blight would be as important as recently found in studies conducted in temperate areas. We compared three potato mixtures and use of mixtures in combination with different planting densities and two fungicide regimes. Treatment comparisons were made by absolute and relative measures of host-diversity effects and incorporating a truncated area under the disease progress curve as a means of standardizing comparisons across sites. Potato-faba intercrops consisting of only 10% potato provided an estimate of the effects of dilution of susceptible host tissue. Host-diversity effects were very different across study sites, with a large host-diversity effect for reduced disease only at the site most distant from commercial potato production. Planting density had little influence on host-diversity effects or on late blight in single-genotype stands. Fungicide use in combination with potato mixtures enhanced a host-diversity effect for reduced late blight. Potato-faba intercrops produced only a small decrease in potato late blight. Effects of host diversity on yield were variable, with the greatest increase in yield for mixtures treated with fungicides at the site most distant from commercial potato production. The effects of host diversity on late blight severity may be less consistent in the tropical highlands than in the temperate zone, but can contribute to integrated disease management.

scholarly journals Aerial Photography Used for Spatial Pattern Analysis of Late Blight Infection in Irrigated Potato Circles

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (7) ◽  
pp. 805-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis A. Johnson ◽  
J. Richard Alldredge ◽  
Philip B. Hamm ◽  
Bruce E. Frazier
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Aerial Photography ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Spatial Pattern Analysis ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
Disease Patterns ◽  
Commercial Potato

Spatial and temporal dynamics of late blight were investigated from color, infrared aerial photographs of five commercial potato fields in the Columbia Basin during epidemics in 1993, 1995, and 1998. Aerial photographs were taken one to four times at 6- to 21-day intervals. Photographs were scanned and pixels, representing approximately 1 m2 in the field, were used in the analysis. Late blight-infected plants were aggregated as indicated by runs analysis. Significant z-tests were computed for four directions during each sampling date in each of the five fields. Absolute z-values for runs analysis increased, indicating increasing aggregation in the four directions, as disease incidence increased in the early and midphases of the epidemics in each field. Variograms indicated the existence of autocorrelation among infected plants in four directions; the range of influence increased as disease incidence increased except at the highest levels of disease. Late blight was observed to spread in fields as foci. Late blight foci enlarged in size, produced distinct daughter foci, and coalesced. A field where initial inoculum likely originated from infected seed tubers exhibited less initial aggregation than the other fields, perhaps due to a different source of primary inoculum. Aerial photography coupled with spatial analyses of late blight-infected plants was an effective technique to quantitatively assess disease patterns in relatively large fields and was useful in quantifying an intensification of aggregation during the epidemic process on a large scale.

scholarly journals Benchmarking of potato pesticide use in Canterbury

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
R.F. Van_Toor ◽  
S.L.H. Viljanen-Rollinson ◽  
D.A.J. Teulon
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Pesticide Resistance ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Copper Hydroxide ◽  
Resistance Strategies ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Seed Crops

Pesticides for weed insect and disease control in potatoes in Canterbury were assessed via spray diaries tabulated using SprayView Analyst (HortPlus) Spray diaries for 1730 seed crops in six growing seasons (19992006) and 71100 process crops in four growing seasons (20032007) gave data for 13 of the area grown for seed for use by process factories and 28 of the area grown for process potatoes in New Zealand In the most recent growing seasons of the survey seed crops were mostly treated with metribuzin herbicide pencycuron mancozeb/metalaxylM azoxystrobin and propineb fungicides and methamidophos pymetrozine and pirimicarb insecticides Process crops had mostly cyanazine glyphosate linuron and metribuzin herbicides and pencycuron azoxystrobin chlorothalonil copper hydroxide fluazinam and mancozeb/metalaxylM fungicides Weeds pathogens of early and late blight and aphids were presumed the primary pest targets Pesticide resistance strategies were followed in later years in half of seed crops and most process crops

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