SREBP‐1a Regulates Cellular Defense Responses in Bone Marrow‐Derived Macrophages

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (S2) ◽  
pp. 273-273
Author(s):  
Seung‐Soon Im ◽  
Linda E Hammond ◽  
Leyla Yousef ◽  
Deborah Fraser ◽  
Andrea J Tenner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Cellular Defense

scholarly journals Rhizobacteria-Induced Priming in Arabidopsis Is Dependent on Ethylene, Jasmonic Acid, and NPR1

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 759-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Il-Pyung Ahn ◽  
Sang-Woo Lee ◽  
Seok-Cheol Suh
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Callose Deposition ◽  
Cellular Defense ◽  
Arabidopsis Ecotype ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide Accumulation

A nonpathogenic rhizobacterium, Pseudomonas putida LSW17S, elicited systemic protection against Fusarium wilt and pith necrosis caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and P. corrugata in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.). LSW17S also confers disease resistance against P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (DC3000) on Arabidopsis ecotype Col-0. To investigate mechanisms underlying disease protection, expression patterns of defense-related genes PR1, PR2, PR5, and PDF1.2 and cellular defense responses such as hydrogen peroxide accumulation and callose deposition were investigated. LSW17S treatment exhibited the typical phenomena of priming. Strong and faster transcription of defense-related genes was induced and hydrogen peroxide or callose were accumulated in Arabidopsis treated with LSW17S and infected with DC3000. In contrast, individual actions of LSW17S and DC3000 did not elicit rapid molecular and cellular defense responses. Priming by LSW17S was translocated systemically and retained for more than 10 days. Treatment with LSW17S reduced pathogen proliferation in Arabidopsis ecotype Col-0 expressing bacterial NahG; however, npr1, etr1, and jar1 mutations impaired inhibition of pathogen growth. Cellular and molecular priming responses support these results. In sum, LSW17S primes Arabidopsis for NPR1-, ethylene-, and jasmonic acid-dependent disease resistance, and efficient molecular and cellular defense responses.

scholarly journals Human Papillomavirus Carcinogenesis: an Identity Crisis in the Retinoblastoma Tumor Suppressor Pathway

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 4708-4711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Munger ◽  
D. Leanne Jones
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Synthetic Lethality ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Human Papillomaviruses ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Cellular Defense ◽  
Retinoblastoma Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Intracellular Parasites ◽  
Cellular Replication ◽  
Retinoblastoma Tumor

Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites and need to reprogram host cells to establish long-term persistent infection and/or to produce viral progeny. Cellular changes initiated by the virus trigger cellular defense responses to cripple viral replication, and viruses have evolved countermeasures to neutralize them. Established models have suggested that human papillomaviruses target the retinoblastoma (RB1) and TP53 tumor suppressor networks to usurp cellular replication, which drives carcinogenesis. More recent studies, however, suggest that modulating the activity of the Polycomb family of transcriptional repressors and the resulting changes in epigenetic regulation are proximal steps in the rewiring of cellular signaling circuits. Consequently, RB1 inactivation evolved to tolerate the resulting cellular alterations. Therefore, epigenetic reprograming results in cellular “addictions” to pathways for survival. Inhibition of such a pathway could cause “synthetic lethality” in adapted cells while not markedly affecting normal cells and could prove to be an effective therapeutic approach.

scholarly journals An Artificial Intelligence Workflow for Defining Host-Pathogen Interactions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel H Fisch ◽  
Artur Yakimovich ◽  
Barbara Clough ◽  
Joseph Wright ◽  
Monique Bunyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Host Protein ◽  
Source Image ◽  
Host Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Cellular Defense ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Protein Recruitment ◽  
Analysis Platform

For image-based infection biology, accurate unbiased quantification of host-pathogen interactions is essential, yet often performed manually or using limited enumeration employing simple image analysis algorithms based on image segmentation. Host protein recruitment to pathogens is often refractory to accurate automated assessment due to its heterogeneous nature. An intuitive intelligent image analysis program to assess host protein recruitment within general cellular pathogen defense is lacking. We present HRMAn (Host Response to Microbe Analysis), an open-source image analysis platform based on machine learning algorithms and deep learning. We show that HRMAn has the capability to learn phenotypes from the data, without relying on researcher-based assumptions. Using Toxoplasma gondii and Salmonella typhimurium we demonstrate HRMAn’s capacity to recognize, classify and quantify pathogen killing, replication and cellular defense responses.

scholarly journals Priming: Getting Ready for Battle

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1062-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe Conrath ◽  
Gerold J. M. Beckers ◽  
Victor Flors ◽  
Pilar García-Agustín ◽  
Gábor Jakab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Induced Resistance ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Synthetic Compounds ◽  
Cellular Defense ◽  
The Past ◽  
Primed State

Infection of plants by necrotizing pathogens or colonization of plant roots with certain beneficial microbes causes the induction of a unique physiological state called “ priming”. The primed state can also be induced by treatment of plants with various natural and synthetic compounds. Primed plants display either faster, stronger, or both activation of the various cellular defense responses that are induced following attack by either pathogens or insects or in response to abiotic stress. Although the phenomenon has been known for decades, most progress in our understanding of priming has been made over the past few years. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of priming in various induced-resistance phenomena in plants.

Glycogen in guinea pig neutrophils: Ultrastructural study of neutrophils at the intradermal site of BCG injection

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 726-727
Author(s):  
Corazon D. Bucana
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies

In the circulating blood of man and guinea pigs, glycogen occurs primarily in polymorphonuclear neutrophils and platelets. The amount of glycogen in neutrophils increases with time after the cells leave the bone marrow, and the distribution of glycogen in neutrophils changes from an apparently random distribution to large clumps when these cells move out of the circulation to the site of inflammation in the peritoneal cavity. The objective of this study was to further investigate changes in glycogen content and distribution in neutrophils. I chose an intradermal site because it allows study of neutrophils at various stages of extravasation.Initially, osmium ferrocyanide and osmium ferricyanide were used to fix glycogen in the neutrophils for ultrastructural studies. My findings confirmed previous reports that showed that glycogen is well preserved by both these fixatives and that osmium ferricyanide protects glycogen from solubilization by uranyl acetate.I found that osmium ferrocyanide similarly protected glycogen. My studies showed, however, that the electron density of mitochondria and other cytoplasmic organelles was lower in samples fixed with osmium ferrocyanide than in samples fixed with osmium ferricyanide.

Mammalian Bone Marrow Acetylcholinesterase

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
Ezzatollah Keyhani
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Extracellular Medium ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Mammalian Bone

Acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) (ACHE) has been localized at cholinergic junctions both in the central nervous system and at the periphery and it functions in neurotransmission. ACHE was also found in other tissues without involvement in neurotransmission, but exhibiting the common property of transporting water and ions. This communication describes intracellular ACHE in mammalian bone marrow and its secretion into the extracellular medium.

The structure of pre-mRNA and mRNA from erythroid cells

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-235
Author(s):  
A.-M. Ladhoff ◽  
B.J. Thiele ◽  
Ch. Coutelle ◽  
S. Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Erythroid Cells ◽  
Globin Mrna ◽  
Ordered Structures ◽  
Rabbit Bone ◽  
Rabbit Reticulocytes

The suggested precursor-product relationship between the nuclear pre-mRNA and the cytoplasmic mRNA has created increased interest also in the structure of these RNA species. Previously we have been published electron micrographs of individual pre-mRNA molecules from erythroid cells. An intersting observation was the appearance of a contour, probably corresponding to higher ordered structures, on one end of 10 % of the pre-mRNA molecules from erythroid rabbit bone marrow cells (Fig. 1A). A virtual similar contour was observed in molecules of 9S globin mRNA from rabbit reticulocytes (Fig. 1B). A structural transformation in a linear contour occurs if the RNA is heated for 10 min to 90°C in the presence of 80 % formamide. This structural transformation is reversible when the denatured RNA is precipitated and redissolved in 0.2 M ammonium acetate.

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