We have recently identified a human pulmonary carcinoma cell line (Calu-6) that expresses human renin (hREN) mRNA endogenously, and we use it herein as a model to examine the regulation of the hREN gene. Transfection analysis of a deletion series (-2750 to -149) of hREN promoter-luciferase fusion constructs revealed the presence of multiple weak regulatory elements within the first 1,301 bp of the 5'-flanking region and a classic silencer element within the first intron (intron A) of the gene. The 5'-flanking regulatory domain consisted of three closely linked elements, two negative and one positive, each contributing a cell-specific threefold modulation of transcriptional activity. Treating Calu-6 cells with forskolin caused a 100-fold increase in steady-state endogenous hREN mRNA but no increase in hREN promoter activity in transient transfections or in nuclear runoff transcription assays. Nevertheless, de novo transcription and translation were necessary for adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-mediated induction. Our results suggest that multiple regulatory elements regulate basal transcriptional activity of the hREN gene and the increase in hREN mRNA by cAMP may be mediated by posttranscriptional mechanisms.
Characterization of a human apolipoprotein E gene enhancer element and its associated protein factors.