Effects of Phospholipase A2 on Lumbar Nerve Root Structure and Function

Spine ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1057-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoyang Chen ◽  
John M. Cavanaugh ◽  
Cuneyt A. Ozaktay ◽  
Srinivasu Kallakuri ◽  
Albert I. King
Keyword(s):  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Nerve Root ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Root Structure ◽  
Lumbar Nerve Root ◽  
And Function

The Effects of Normal, Frozen, and Hyaluronidase-Digested Nucleus Pulposus on Nerve Root Structure and Function

Spine ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 471-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjell Olmarker ◽  
Helena Brisby ◽  
Shoji Yabuki ◽  
Claes Nordborg ◽  
Björn Rydevik
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Pulposus ◽  
Nerve Root ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Root Structure ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Structure and function of the catalytic site mutant Asp 99 Asn of phospholipase A2: Absence of the conserved structural water

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 2082-2088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amarendra Kumar ◽  
Chandra Sekharudu ◽  
Boopathy Ramakrishnan ◽  
Cynthia M. Dupureur ◽  
Hongxin Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Catalytic Site ◽  
Structural Water ◽  
And Function

Structure and function of phospholipase A2 receptor

1995 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Ohara ◽  
Jun Ishizaki ◽  
Hitoshi Arita
Keyword(s):  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Phospholipase A2 Receptor ◽  
And Function

Temperature responses of roots: impact on growth, root system architecture and implications for phenotyping

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin A. Nagel ◽  
Bernd Kastenholz ◽  
Siegfried Jahnke ◽  
Dagmar van Dusschoten ◽  
Til Aach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Root Structure ◽  
Optical Analysis ◽  
And Function

Root phenotyping is a challenging task, mainly because of the hidden nature of this organ. Only recently, imaging technologies have become available that allow us to elucidate the dynamic establishment of root structure and function in the soil. In root tips, optical analysis of the relative elemental growth rates in root expansion zones of hydroponically-grown plants revealed that it is the maximum intensity of cellular growth processes rather than the length of the root growth zone that control the acclimation to dynamic changes in temperature. Acclimation of entire root systems was studied at high throughput in agar-filled Petri dishes. In the present study, optical analysis of root system architecture showed that low temperature induced smaller branching angles between primary and lateral roots, which caused a reduction in the volume that roots access at lower temperature. Simulation of temperature gradients similar to natural soil conditions led to differential responses in basal and apical parts of the root system, and significantly affected the entire root system. These results were supported by first data on the response of root structure and carbon transport to different root zone temperatures. These data were acquired by combined magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET). They indicate acclimation of root structure and geometry to temperature and preferential accumulation of carbon near the root tip at low root zone temperatures. Overall, this study demonstrated the value of combining different phenotyping technologies that analyse processes at different spatial and temporal scales. Only such an integrated approach allows us to connect differences between genotypes obtained in artificial high throughput conditions with specific characteristics relevant for field performance. Thus, novel routes may be opened up for improved plant breeding as well as for mechanistic understanding of root structure and function.

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