Protective Effects of Helmet Type on Facial Injuries

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Colangeli ◽  
Raffaella Cordaro ◽  
Ciro Emiliano Boschetti ◽  
Carmine Apice ◽  
Daniela Novembre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effects ◽  
Facial Injuries ◽  
Helmet Type

scholarly journals Cumulative evidence of helmet effects on bicycle injuries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyu Chen ◽  
Shan Ou ◽  
Huijie Cui ◽  
Mingshuang Tang ◽  
Yutong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Sequential Analysis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Neck Injuries ◽  
Facial Injuries ◽  
Cumulative Evidence ◽  
Z Curve

Abstract Background: With the wide use of bicycles, studies of helmet effects on bicycle injuries were intensively conducted after the problem of bicycle injuries emerged. This study aims to justify whether current evidence is sufficient to support the effects of helmets.Methods：We exhaustively searched the articles in the databases of Medline, Scopus, and Embase by the term of (helmet* AND (cycl* OR bicycle* OR bike*)) AND injur* by the time of April 10, 2019. The meta-analysis and SSA (study sequential analysis) were conducted. The protocol was registered in Prospero (www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, ID: CRD42019131751). Results: A total of 55 studies were eligible for meta-analysis. The OR (odds ratio) of helmet effect on head injuries compared with other injuries was 0·50 (0·43, 0·59) and effects of helmets on serious head injuries compared with other injuries were protective with an OR of 0·34 (0·28, 0·43). Compared with control injuries, the OR of helmets’ effects on facial injuries is 0·63 (0·45, 0·88). Helmets were not associated with protective effects with regards to neck injuries and the OR was 0·98 (0·82, 1·17). SSA results of head injuries, serious head injuries, and face injuries showed the cumulative Z-curve crossed both the conventional and the trial sequential monitoring boundary. SSA results of neck injuries showed the cumulative Z-curve does not cross both the conventional and the trial sequential monitoring boundary.Conclusions: The helmet has protection effects on head injuries, serious head injuries, and face injuries. The SSA showed the current evidence was sufficient to support the results. More studies of helmet promotion are warranted in the future.

Melatonin reduces high levels of lipid peroxidation induced by potassium iodate in porcine thyroid

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Iwan ◽  
Jan Stepniak ◽  
Malgorzata Karbownik-Lewinska
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Potassium Iodate ◽  
Hormone Synthesis

Abstract. Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis. Under normal iodine supply, calculated physiological iodine concentration in the thyroid is approx. 9 mM. Either potassium iodide (KI) or potassium iodate (KIO3) are used in iodine prophylaxis. KI is confirmed as absolutely safe. KIO3 possesses chemical properties suggesting its potential toxicity. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is an effective antioxidant and free radical scavenger. Study aims: to evaluate potential protective effects of melatonin against oxidative damage to membrane lipids (lipid peroxidation, LPO) induced by KI or KIO3 in porcine thyroid. Homogenates of twenty four (24) thyroids were incubated in presence of either KI or KIO3 without/with melatonin (5 mM). As melatonin was not effective against KI-induced LPO, in the next step only KIO3 was used. Homogenates were incubated in presence of KIO3 (200; 100; 50; 25; 20; 15; 10; 7.5; 5.0; 2.5; 1.25 mM) without/with melatonin or 17ß-estradiol. Five experiments were performed with different concentrations of melatonin (5.0; 2.5; 1.25; 1.0; 0.625 mM) and one with 17ß-estradiol (1.0 mM). Malondialdehyde + 4-hydroxyalkenals (MDA + 4-HDA) concentration (LPO index) was measured spectrophotometrically. KIO3 increased LPO with the strongest damaging effect (MDA + 4-HDA level: ≈1.28 nmol/mg protein, p < 0.05) revealed at concentrations of around 15 mM, thus corresponding to physiological iodine concentrations in the thyroid. Melatonin reduced LPO (MDA + 4-HDA levels: from ≈0.97 to ≈0,76 and from ≈0,64 to ≈0,49 nmol/mg protein, p < 0.05) induced by KIO3 at concentrations of 10 mM or 7.5 mM. Conclusion: Melatonin can reduce very strong oxidative damage to membrane lipids caused by KIO3 used in doses resulting in physiological iodine concentrations in the thyroid.

Protective Effects of Self-Forgiveness on Alcohol Abuse Depend on Severity of Shame

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip A. Ianni ◽  
Kenneth E. Hart ◽  
Stephen Hibbard ◽  
Michelle Carroll ◽  
Tobi Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Self Forgiveness

Protective Effects of Sense of Community and Ethnic Identity among Urban Adolescents from Diverse Ethnocultural Groups

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Garcia-Reid ◽  
Christina Hamme Peterson ◽  
Robert James Reid ◽  
Paul W. Speer ◽  
N. Andrew Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Urban Adolescents ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Ethnocultural Groups

Protective effects of dietary phytoestrogens in chronic renal disease

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tedine Ranich ◽  
Sam J. Bhathena ◽  
Manuel T. Velasquez
Keyword(s):  
Renal Disease ◽  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Protective Effects
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