scholarly journals A review of research in primate sanctuaries

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 20200033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Ross ◽  
Jesse G. Leinwand
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Veterinary Science ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Zoological Parks ◽  
The World ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Primary Mission ◽  
Human Primate

While non-human primate studies have long been conducted in laboratories, and more recently at zoological parks, sanctuaries are increasingly considered a viable setting for research. Accredited sanctuaries in non-range countries house thousands of primates formerly used as subjects of medical research, trained performers or personal pets. In range countries, however, sanctuaries typically house orphaned primates confiscated from illegal poaching and the bushmeat and pet trafficking trades. Although the primary mission of these sanctuaries is to rescue and rehabilitate residents, many of these organizations are increasingly willing to participate in non-invasive research. Notably, from a scientific standpoint, most sanctuaries provide potential advantages over traditional settings, such as large, naturalistic physical and social environments which may result in more relevant models of primates' free-ranging wild counterparts than other captive settings. As a result, an impressive scope of research in the fields of primate behaviour, cognition, veterinary science, genetics and physiology have been studied in sanctuaries. In this review, we examine the range and form of research that has been conducted at accredited sanctuaries around the world. We also describe the potential challenges of sanctuary-based work and the considerations that external researchers may face when deciding to collaborate with primate sanctuaries on their research projects.

scholarly journals A Large-Scale COVID-19 Twitter Chatter Dataset for Open Scientific Research—An International Collaboration

Epidemiologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-324
Author(s):  
Juan M. Banda ◽  
Ramya Tekumalla ◽  
Guanyu Wang ◽  
Jingyuan Yu ◽  
Tuo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
The World ◽  
Data Source

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread worldwide, an unprecedented amount of open data is being generated for medical, genetics, and epidemiological research. The unparalleled rate at which many research groups around the world are releasing data and publications on the ongoing pandemic is allowing other scientists to learn from local experiences and data generated on the front lines of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is a need to integrate additional data sources that map and measure the role of social dynamics of such a unique worldwide event in biomedical, biological, and epidemiological analyses. For this purpose, we present a large-scale curated dataset of over 1.12 billion tweets, growing daily, related to COVID-19 chatter generated from 1 January 2020 to 27 June 2021 at the time of writing. This data source provides a freely available additional data source for researchers worldwide to conduct a wide and diverse number of research projects, such as epidemiological analyses, emotional and mental responses to social distancing measures, the identification of sources of misinformation, stratified measurement of sentiment towards the pandemic in near real time, among many others.

scholarly journals Punishment Strategies across Societies: Conventional Wisdoms Reconsidered

Games ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Ramzi Suleiman ◽  
Yuval Samid
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Public Goods Game ◽  
The Public ◽  
Free Riders ◽  
The World ◽  
Emergence Of Cooperation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Cost

Experiments using the public goods game have repeatedly shown that in cooperative social environments, punishment makes cooperation flourish, and withholding punishment makes cooperation collapse. In less cooperative social environments, where antisocial punishment has been detected, punishment was detrimental to cooperation. The success of punishment in enhancing cooperation was explained as deterrence of free riders by cooperative strong reciprocators, who were willing to pay the cost of punishing them, whereas in environments in which punishment diminished cooperation, antisocial punishment was explained as revenge by low cooperators against high cooperators suspected of punishing them in previous rounds. The present paper reconsiders the generality of both explanations. Using data from a public goods experiment with punishment, conducted by the authors on Israeli subjects (Study 1), and from a study published in Science using sixteen participant pools from cities around the world (Study 2), we found that: 1. The effect of punishment on the emergence of cooperation was mainly due to contributors increasing their cooperation, rather than from free riders being deterred. 2. Participants adhered to different contribution and punishment strategies. Some cooperated and did not punish (‘cooperators’); others cooperated and punished free riders (‘strong reciprocators’); a third subgroup punished upward and downward relative to their own contribution (‘norm-keepers’); and a small sub-group punished only cooperators (‘antisocial punishers’). 3. Clear societal differences emerged in the mix of the four participant types, with high-contributing pools characterized by higher ratios of ‘strong reciprocators’, and ‘cooperators’, and low-contributing pools characterized by a higher ratio of ‘norm keepers’. 4. The fraction of ‘strong reciprocators’ out of the total punishers emerged as a strong predictor of the groups’ level of cooperation and success in providing the public goods.

scholarly journals Ten Famous Composers of the Romantic Era and their Cause of Death

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest K.J. Pauwels
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Expression Of Emotion ◽  
The World ◽  
Romantic Era ◽  
Clinically Significant

The musical composers in the Romantic Era (1800-1910) strived for compositions that expressed human life, including happiness, harmony and despair. They lived in a period in which freedom of thinking, expression of emotion and inspiration by nature predominate. During this period, intensive trading with other parts of the world brought new microorganisms along, which made infections and epidemics very common. This article serves to address the cause of death and relevant biographic data of a number of well- known Romantic composers. Primarily, this review refers to clinically significant findings using reports that were retrieved from Pubmed, Embase and Google over the 19th, 20th and 21st century till 14th June 2021. Here, this text dwells on diseases and the cause of death of ten composers, namely Mozart, Beethoven, Chopin, Schubert, Schumann, Mendelssohn, Brahms, Liszt, Mahler and Bruckner. It is evident that, in the sight of modern medicine, symptoms and forensic facts are not complete, but witnesses' reports and recent medical research have provided passable and plausible clarity. Although many questions will remain unanswered, it appears that the diseases of these composers and their causes of death have their origins in alcohol abuses, age, epidemics (like tuberculosis) and syphilis.

scholarly journals The Covid infodemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Hyland ◽  
Feng (Kevin) Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Highly Cited

Abstract Covid-19, the greatest global health crisis for a century, brought a new immediacy and urgency to international bio-medical research. The pandemic generated intense competition to produce a vaccine and contain the virus, creating what the World Health Organization referred to as an ‘infodemic’ of published output. In this frantic atmosphere, researchers were keen to get their research noticed. In this paper, we explore whether this enthusiasm influenced the rhetorical presentation of research and encouraged scientists to “sell” their studies. Examining a corpus of the most highly cited SCI articles on the virus published in the first seven months of 2020, we explore authors’ use of hyperbolic and promotional language to boost aspects of their research. Our results show a significant increase in hype to stress certainty, contribution, novelty and potential, especially regarding research methods, outcomes and primacy. Our study sheds light on scientific persuasion at a time of intense social anxiety.

scholarly journals Echolocation, as a method supporting spatial orientation and independent movement of people with visual impairment

2019 ◽  
pp. 353-371
Author(s):  
KAMILA MILER-ZDANOWSKA
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Spatial Orientation ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Blind People ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Visually Impaired People ◽  
The World ◽  
Impaired People

Kamila Miler-Zdanowska, Echolocation, as a method supporting spatial orientation and independent movement of people with visual impairment. Interdisciplinary Contexts of Special Pedagogy, no. 25, Poznań 2019. Pp. 353-371. Adam MickiewiczUniversity Press. ISSN 2300-391X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2019.25.15 People with visual impairment use information from other senses to gain knowledge about the world around them. More and more studies conducted withthe participation of visually impaired people indicate that data obtained through auditory perception is extremely important. In this context, the ability of echolocation used by blind people to move independently is interesting. The aim of the article is to present echolocation as a method supporting spatial orientation of people with visual impairment. The article presents the results of empirical studies of echolocation. It also presents the benefits of using this ability in everyday life and signals research projects related to the methodology of teaching echolocation in Poland. People with visually impaired to get knowledge about the world around them use information from other senses. Many studies conducted with the participation of visually impaired people indicate that data obtained through hearing are extremely important. In this context, the ability of echolocation used by blind people to move independently is interesting. The aim of the article is to present echolocation as a method supporting spatial orientation of people with visual disabilities. The article presents the results of empirical studies on echolocation. It also presents the benefits of using this skill in everyday life and signals research projects on themethodology of teaching echolocation in Poland.

The Use of Ozone in Dentistry and Medicine

2006 ◽  
Vol os13 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aylin Baysan ◽  
Edward Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Root Caries ◽  
Pharmaceutical Management ◽  
Primary Care Clinics ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
The World

A previous paper, recently published in Primary Dental Care, gave an overview of the medical uses of ozone and outlined some of its uses in dentistry. The current paper focuses on a description of use of ozone in the management of root caries and considers recent studies in this area. There has been relatively limited research into the non-invasive (pharmaceutical) management of root caries. The best management strategy still remains to be developed. Initial studies have indicated that an application of ozone for a period of either 10 or 20 seconds is capable of clinically reversing leathery root carious lesions. It is suggested that, subject to confirmation from extensive trials, this simple and non-invasive technique may benefit many patients with root caries throughout the world since this approach to treat root caries can easily be employed in primary care clinics and in the domiciliary treatment of home-bound elderly people and immobile patients in hospices and hospitals.

Back to the Future

2019 ◽  
pp. 237-252
Author(s):  
Gabriele I.E. Strohschen
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Action Research ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Instructional Methods ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Community Stakeholders ◽  
The World ◽  
The University

This chapter corroborates competence-based and social-situational educational practices with the principles of Blended Shore Education (BSE) and Metagogy. These two theorems emerged from several action research projects that engaged Chicago community members, university students, and educators from around the world. The principles, tenets, and descriptions of applied instructional methods in the context of civic and social engagement projects demonstrate how teaching and learning praxes and curricula and program design can be achieved by and with the learners, by the university, and by the community stakeholders to result in relevant and meaningful education models in higher education.

Computational Grids

2010 ◽  
pp. 152-163
Author(s):  
Ribhi Hazin ◽  
Ibrahim Qaddoumi ◽  
Francisco Pedrosa
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Grid Computing ◽  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Medical Images ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Computational Grids ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Delivery Of Care ◽  
The World ◽  
As If

A network of interconnected computers, or “computational grids,” can facilitate the ability of users to complete complex computational tasks that would be virtually impossible with a single computer. By leveraging the computational strength of grids, individual users can efficiently disseminate, exchange, and retrieve information as easily as if it were stored locally. As the authors found in this study, the possibilities computational grids present for highly specialized medical fields such as neuro-oncology are limitless. By harnessing the power of grids, neuro-oncologists can link to sophisticated interactive medical images around the world, perform complicated statistical analyses, create larger collaborative research projects, and improve delivery of care to patients around the globe. Thus, utilization of grid computing modules will inevitably lead to marked improvements in clinicians’ ability to detect, manage, and prevent complications associated with brain tumors.

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