scholarly journals IV. On double refraction in a viscous fluid in motion

1874 ◽  
Vol 22 (148-155) ◽  
pp. 46-47 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Friction ◽  
Viscous Fluid ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Elastic Solid ◽  
The State ◽  
Solid Cylinder ◽  
Annular Space ◽  
Double Refraction ◽  
Fresh Start ◽  
The Moment

According to Poisson’s theory of the internal friction of fluids, a viscous fluid behaves as an elastic solid would do if it were periodically liquefied for an instant and solidified again, so that at each fresh start it becomes for the moment like an elastic solid free from strain. The state of strain of certain transparent bodies may be investigated by means of their action on polarized light. This action was observed by Brewster, and was shown by Fresnel to be an instance of double refraction. In 1866 I made some attempts to ascertain whether the state of strain in a viscous fluid in motion could be detected by its action on polarized light. I had a cylindrical box with a glass bottom. Within this box a solid cylinder could be made to rotate. The fluid to be examined was placed in the annular space between this cylinder and the sides of the box. Polarized light was thrown up through the fluid parallel to the axis, and the inner cylinder was then made to rotate. I was unable to obtain any result with solution of gum or sirup of sugar, though I observed an effect on polarized light when I compressed some Canada balsam which had become very thick and almost solid in a bottle.

V. On the bodily tides of viscous and semi-elastic spheroids, and on the ocean tides on a yielding nucleus

1878 ◽  
Vol 27 (185-189) ◽  
pp. 419-424
Keyword(s):  
Viscous Fluid ◽  
Thin Shell ◽  
Elastic Solid ◽  
The State ◽  
Internal Strain ◽  
Incompressible Viscous Fluid ◽  
Elastic Sphere ◽  
Ocean Tides ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Bodily Tides

Sir W. Thomson’s investigation of the bodily tides of an elastic sphere has gone far to overthrow the idea of a semi-fluid interior to the earth, yet geologists are so strongly impressed by the fact that enormous masses of rock have been poured out of volcanic vents in the earth’s surface, that the belief is not yet extinct that we live on a thin shell over a sea of molten lava. It appeared to me, therefore, to be of interest to investigate the consequences which would arise from the supposition that the matter constituting the earth is of a viscous or imperfectly elastic nature. In this paper I follow out these hypo-theses, and it will be seen that the results are fully as hostile to the idea of any great mobility of the interior of the earth as are those of Sir W. Thomson. I begin by showing that the equations of flow of an incompressible viscous fluid have precisely the same form as those of strain of an incompressible elastic solid, at least when inertia is neglected. Hence, every problem about the strains of the latter has its analogue touching the flow of the former. This being so, the solution of Sir W. Thomson’s problem of the bodily tides of an elastic sphere may be adapted to give the bodily tides of a viscous spheroid. Sir W. Thomson, however, introduces the effects of the mutual gravitation of the parts of the sphere, by a synthetical method, after he has found the state of internal strain of an elastic sphere devoid of gravitational power The parallel synthetical method becomes, in the case of the viscous spheroid, somewhat complex, and I have preferred to adapt the solution analytically so as to include gravitation.

The Goal of the Moment (Summary of the Lecture Delivered by Ivan Ilyin in May 1917)

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 424-428
Author(s):  
Alexandra I. Vakulinskaya
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
October Revolution ◽  
Legal Consciousness ◽  
New Order ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Moment

This publication is devoted to one of the episodes of I. A. Ilyin’s activity in the period “between two revolutions”. Before the October revolution, the young philosopher was inspired by the events of February 1917 and devoted a lot of time to speeches and publications on the possibility of building a new order in the state. The published archive text indicates that the development of Ilyin’s doctrine “on legal consciousness” falls precisely at this tragic moment in the history of Russia.

The Munich conference of Minister-Presidents of German lands in 1947

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-2) ◽  
pp. 86-98
Author(s):  
Ivan Popov
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
State Governments ◽  
The West ◽  
Constitutional Development ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The One

The paper deals with the organization and decisions of the conference of the Minister-Presidents of German lands in Munich on June 6-7, 1947, which became the one and only meeting of the heads of the state governments of the western and eastern occupation zones before the division of Germany. The conference was the first experience of national positioning of the regional elite and clearly demonstrated that by the middle of 1947, not only between the allies, but also among German politicians, the incompatibility of perspectives of further constitutional development was existent and all the basic conditions for the division of Germany became ripe. Munich was the last significant demonstration of this disunity and the moment of the final turn towards the three-zone orientation of the West German elite.

scholarly journals Modelling the impact of delaying vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 assuming unlimited vaccine supply

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Amaku ◽  
Dimas Tadeu Covas ◽  
Francisco Antonio Bezerra Coutinho ◽  
Raymundo Soares Azevedo ◽  
Eduardo Massad
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The World ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background At the moment we have more than 177 million cases and 3.8 million deaths (as of June 2021) around the world and vaccination represents the only hope to control the pandemic. Imperfections in planning vaccine acquisition and difficulties in implementing distribution among the population, however, have hampered the control of the virus so far. Methods We propose a new mathematical model to estimate the impact of vaccination delay against the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on the number of cases and deaths due to the disease in Brazil. We apply the model to Brazil as a whole and to the State of Sao Paulo, the most affected by COVID-19 in Brazil. We simulated the model for the populations of the State of Sao Paulo and Brazil as a whole, varying the scenarios related to vaccine efficacy and compliance from the populations. Results The model projects that, in the absence of vaccination, almost 170 thousand deaths and more than 350 thousand deaths will occur by the end of 2021 for Sao Paulo and Brazil, respectively. If in contrast, Sao Paulo and Brazil had enough vaccine supply and so started a vaccination campaign in January with the maximum vaccination rate, compliance and efficacy, they could have averted more than 112 thousand deaths and 127 thousand deaths, respectively. In addition, for each month of delay the number of deaths increases monotonically in a logarithmic fashion, for both the State of Sao Paulo and Brazil as a whole. Conclusions Our model shows that the current delay in the vaccination schedules that is observed in many countries has serious consequences in terms of mortality by the disease and should serve as an alert to health authorities to speed the process up such that the highest number of people to be immunized is reached in the shortest period of time.

A short history of Polish formations protecting the governing bodies of the state

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (38) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Aneta Drożdż
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Short History ◽  
Control Subsystem ◽  
State Security ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rules And Principles ◽  
History Of ◽  
Important People ◽  
The Moment

This paper presents a short history of Polish formations protecting the governing bodies of the state, starting from the moment Poland regained independence at the end of the twentieth century. The considerations are presented against the rules and principles of the functioning of the state security system, with particular emphasis on the control subsystem. This paper demonstrates the need to research attitudes to safety in the past, in order to develop and apply effective contemporary solutions. The considerations contained in it also concern the existing threats to the management of state organs. They may contribute to further discussions on the purpose and rules of operation of the formation which is supposed to protect the most important people in the state.

Appeal to Philosophers

Philosophy ◽  
1940 ◽  
Vol 15 (60) ◽  
pp. 400-416
Author(s):  
C. E. M. Joad
Keyword(s):  
Classical Tradition ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
The State ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Conduct Of Life ◽  
The Moment

I want in this paper to enter a protest against the preoccupations of many contemporary philosophers, and to put in a plea for a return to the classical tradition in philosophy. According to this tradition, philosophy is, or at least should be, concerned with the whole conduct of life. It has two main functions, to clarify the wisdom of common-sense people, and to increase it. To put it technically, philosophy, as traditionally conceived, is an activity of self-conscious beings which seeks, among other things, critically to examine the manifestations of human consciousness and the principles which guide human activity; to examine not disinterestedly, but in order to illuminate, to assist, and to reform. Philosophy has, therefore, the dual purpose of revealing truth and increasing virtue. One of the methods traditionally employed for achieving these two purposes consists in the attempt to discover those values which are ultimate in the sense that, while other things are desired for the sake oi them, they alone are desired for their own sakes, to uncover by a process of analysis the values which underlie the judgments commonly passed by contemporary society—as for example, in our own society, the values implied by the judgment that increase of efficiency in slaughter is desirable, especially if combined with a readiness to undertake it whenever the State to which one happens to belong deems the moment expedient for the mass slaughter of the citizens of some other State—and to show how the latter deviate from the former.

The Republic Was an Empire

2020 ◽  
pp. 139-155
Author(s):  
Jonathan Scott
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Union ◽  
The Past ◽  
Imperial Ideology ◽  
Military Revolution ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Dutch Model

This chapter deals with the circumstances leading to the first of three Anglo-Dutch wars. Beginning with a proposal for political union, the chapter addresses the growing animosity between the English and the Dutch through two major themes. In the first place, from the moment of its foundation the English republic was, and behaved like, an empire. Second, it was the product, as in the Netherlands, of a rebellion and fiscal/military revolution which built the state. More than its Dutch model, the English republic entailed a sharp, indeed spectacular, break with the past, accompanied by a revolutionary as well as an imperial ideology.

scholarly journals Comparison of different scales for the evaluation of anxiety and compliance with anesthetic induction in children undergoing scheduled major outpatient surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Vieco-García ◽  
Amanda López-Picado ◽  
Manuel Fuentes ◽  
Laura Francisco-González ◽  
Belén Joyanes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Outpatient Surgery ◽  
The State ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Preoperative Anxiety ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Anesthetic Induction ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Assessment Scales ◽  
Surgical Unit

Abstract Introduction Anxiety in children triggered by a scheduled surgical intervention is a major issue due to its frequency and consequences. Preoperative anxiety is associated with increased patient fear and agitation on anesthetic induction. The aim of this study is to compare three preoperative anxiety scales for children undergoing elective outpatient surgery, and to correlate each of these tools with the degree of patient compliance on induction, as assessed by the Induction Compliance Checklist (ICC). Methods An observational prospective study was performed on a cohort of children with ages between 2 and 16 years old, scheduled for outpatient surgery. Anxiety was assessed upon arrival to the hospital (M0), during transfer to the surgical unit (M1), and in the operating room during anesthetic induction (M2). Anxiety in the parents (measured with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI) and in the children (measured with the Spence Anxiety Scale-Pediatric, SCAS-P, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Children, STAIC, and Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale, m-YPAS) was assessed. Compliance with anesthetic induction was assessed with ICC. Results The study included 76 patients (72.4% male, median age 7.9 years). Anxiety scores (m-YPAS) increased as the moment of surgery approached, being greater at the entrance to the surgical unit (M0 = 26.1 ± 9.5; M1 = 31.8 ± 18.1; M2 = 33.5 ± 21.1). A strong correlation was found between ICC scale and m-YPAS at M1 (0.738) and M2 timepoints (0.794), but not with the rest of scales at M0. Conclusions Standard anxiety assessment scales do not predict the quality of anesthetic induction. m-YPAS scale can detect increasing anxiety in children as they approach the surgical procedure and this correlates strongly with a worse anesthetic induction, defined by higher score on ICC scale.

scholarly journals ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE FOR THE PROVISION OF ELECTRONIC SERVICES IN THE FORM OF A DECLARATION (NOTIFICATION) BY PHYSICAL PERSONS TO THE STATE ARCHITECTURAL AND CONSTRUCTION INSPECTION

2019 ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
A. R. Ishkhanian
Keyword(s):  
Digital Signature ◽  
Software Package ◽  
The State ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Administrative Procedure ◽  
Electronic Service ◽  
Service Consumer ◽  
Construction Inspection ◽  
The Moment

The scientific article is devoted to the coverage of the administrative procedure for providing electronic services by the State Architectural and Construction Inspectorate of Ukraine. Different approaches to the concept of administrative procedure in terms of e-services provision are discussed. The stages of the procedure of providing electronic service in the form of submission of a declaration (notification) by individuals are characterized. It is established that before commencing the process of submission of the declaration (message), the service consumer must have a personal key and a valid enhanced certificate, which will be used during the submission process to affix an electronic digital signature to the form with the declaration (message). You can obtain enhanced key certificates at an accredited key certification center. Thus, at the moment the service supports certificates issued by the certification center of the information and reference department of the Ministry of Revenue and Collections of Ukraine. Install a Java computing software package on your computer and enable JavaScript scripts to run in your browser. Please note that detailed Java installation instructions are available at http://java.com/download/installed.jsp. You can download Java directly for Windows from http://www.java.com/download/windows_xpi.jsp. How to enable JavaScript scripts in your browser (http://www.enable-javascript.com/en/). It is concluded that the procedure of providing the service in electronic form, for example, the submission of a declaration (notification) by the state architectural and construction inspection of Ukraine is regulated in detail on the official website and still needs to improve the quality of the provision of these services in the form of simplification and accessibility for all consumers services.

scholarly journals Historia rozwoju Republiki Rzymskiej według Polibiusza

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-93
Author(s):  
Anna Ceglarska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Roman Republic ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
The State ◽  
Mixed System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Mutual Relation ◽  
Perfect System ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Moment

History of the rise of the Roman Republic as described by Polybius The aim of this article is to refer Polybius’s political theory, included in Book VI of The Histories, to the history of the rise of the Roman Republic. This theme must have been particularly significant for Polybius. For him, Rome was the most perfect example of a mixed government system, and the aim of describing its history was to show the development of this perfect system. The article presents the mutual relation of theory and history, starting with the period of kingship, up to the emergence of the democratic element, i.e. the moment when Rome acquired the mixed system of government. Both the political and social contexts of the changes are outlined. The analysis suggests that Polybius related his political theory to the history of the state he admired, thus providing the theory with actual foundations. Reconstructing his analysis makes it possible to see the history of Rome in a different light, and to ponder the system itself and its decline, even though the main objective of both Polybius and this article is to present its development.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document