scholarly journals I. On an effect produced by the passage of an electric discharge through pure nitrogen

1886 ◽  
Vol 40 (242-245) ◽  
pp. 329-340 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Discharge ◽  
Discharge Tube ◽  
Rarefied Gas ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Temporary Increase ◽  
Pure Nitrogen ◽  
Permanent Effect

In the course of some experiments which we have been engaged with for some time past, on the temporary increase in the volume of a rarefied gas which takes place when an electric discharge passes through it (De la Rue and Müller, “Phil. Trans.,” 1880), we found that the passage of the spark always produced permanent as well as temporary effects when the gas was nitrogen and when the pressure was less than that due to 20 mm. of mercury. The experiments described below were undertaken to clear up this point, and from them we have drawn the following conclusions:— 1. That when a succession of electric sparks of the proper kind is sent through a sealed discharge-tube containing nitrogen at a low pressure (less than 20 mm. of mercury), a permanent diminution in the volume of the nitrogen takes place, which reaches a maximum, after which the passage of sparks of the same kind produces no permanent effect upon the volume.

scholarly journals The analysis of gases after passage of electric discharge

1915 ◽  
Vol 91 (627) ◽  
pp. 180-189 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Discharge ◽  
Discharge Tube ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Pure Hydrogen ◽  
Rare Gases ◽  
Vacuum Tube ◽  
Solid Electrode ◽  
Electrode Glass

It has been found by Collie and Patterson that, after the passage of the electric discharge through pure hydrogen in a vacuum tube at low pressure, small quantities of helium and neon could be detected in the gas pumped out of the discharge tube. These gases were shown not to be present in the hydrogen which was let into the discharge tube. They must, then, either originate from—(i) occlusion of air in the glass or electrodes, or (ii) from the outer air during the experiment or the subsequent analysis, or (iii) be actually formed by some transmutation process due to the action of the discharge. In the latter case the seat of the effect of the discharge may be at the solid electrode, glass walls, or in the gas itself. The experiments of the above authors appear to show that:— (i) The gas did not originate from occlusion in the electrodes or glass walls, because these gave no such rare gases on solution and subsequent analysis of the gases.

scholarly journals I. On the rate of propagation of the luminous discharge of electricity through a rarefied gas

1891 ◽  
Vol 49 (296-301) ◽  
pp. 84-100 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Discharge ◽  
Discharge Tube ◽  
Rarefied Gas ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Vacuum Tube ◽  
Large Velocity ◽  
Velocity Of Propagation ◽  
Made In

Though the determination of the velocity of propagation of the luminosity which accompanies the electric discharge through gases might well be expected to throw considerable light on the means by which the discharge is effected, as far as I can find, no attempts seem to have been made in this direction since Wheatstone, in 1835, observed the appearance presented in a rotating mirror of the discharge through a vacuum tube 6 feet long; he concluded from his observations that the velocity with which the flash went through the tube could not have been less than 2 x 10 7 . cm. per second. This very great velocity does not seem to be accompanied by a correspondingly large velocity of the luminous molecules, for von Jahn (Wiedemann’s ‘Annalen,’ vol. 8, 1879, p. 675) has shown that the lines of the spectrum of the gas in the discharge tube are not displaced by as much as 1/40 of the distance between the D lines when the line of sight is in the direction of the discharge tube. It follows from this, by Doppler’s principle, that the particles when emitting light are not travelling in the direction of the discharge at the rate of more than a mile a second, proving at any rate th at the luminosity does'not consist of a wind of luminous particles travelling with the velocity of the discharge.

IX. On the electrolysis of gases

1895 ◽  
Vol 58 (347-352) ◽  
pp. 244-257 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Discharge ◽  
Discharge Tube ◽  
Negative Electrodes

In the experiments described in this paper I have used the spectroscope to detect the decomposition of gases by the electric discharge and the movement of the ions in opposite directions along the discharge-tube. The method consists in sending the electric discharge through a tube so arranged that the spectra close to the positive and negative electrodes can easily be compared; thus the presence or absence of certain ions at these electrodes can be ascertained.

scholarly journals An active modification of nitrogen, produced by the electric discharge.—V

1913 ◽  
Vol 88 (605) ◽  
pp. 539-549 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Discharge ◽  
Discharge Tube ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Gas Space ◽  
Commercial Nitrogen

Experience has led to certain modifications of detail in preparing nitrogen for the experiments. Commercial nitrogen from cylinders is still used, but instead of passing it over phosphorus it is allowed to stand in contact with it for some hours. The former method does well enough when the phosphorus is freshly cut, but in time the surface deteriorates, owing, in part at least, to the accumulation of oxides of phosphorus, which tend to obstruct access of the gas. Two 15-litre aspirator bottles are arranged as a gasholder in the usual way, the gas being displaced by water. In the gas space is hung up a muslin bag containing chopped phosphorus. On filling the gasholder with commercial nitrogen the phosphorus fumes freely, and all traces of oxygen are removed in the course of two or three hours. The fumes subside, and the gas is ready for use. It merely requires drying on its way to the discharge tube. This 15-litre supply is more than enough for most experiments. When it is used up the water rises and drowns the bag of phosphorus, dissolving out the oxides which have been formed, and leaving it in good condition for use next time.

scholarly journals Some experiments on helium

1897 ◽  
Vol 60 (359-367) ◽  
pp. 449-453 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Discharge ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
British Association ◽  
Green Line ◽  
Vacuum Tube ◽  
Partial Separation ◽  
Astrophysical Journal

In July of last year Professors Runge and Paschen (‘Phil Mag.,' 1895, [ii], vol. 40, pp. 297—302) announced their discovery that the spectrum of the gas from clèveite indicated the presence of two elements. They also stated that by means of a single diffusion through an asbestos plug, they had been able to effect a partial separation of the lighter constituent, which was characterised by the green glow which it gave under the influence of the electric discharge in a vacuum-tube, and which was represented in the spectrum by the series containing the green line, λ = 5015·6. Subsequently, at the meeting of the British Association at Ipswich, Professor Runge exhibited a tube containing the so-called green constituent; the colour of the glow differed strongly from that of an ordinary helium tube, but the gas contained in it was evidently at very low pressure, as phosphorescence was just commencing. Professor Runge has since acknowledged that the green effect in the helium tube may be produced by a change of pressure alone (‘Astrophysical Journal,’ January, 1896).

Reaction of atomic hydrogen with tetrafluoroethene

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 1696-1698
Author(s):  
Lei Teng ◽  
W. E. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Electric Discharge ◽  
Discharge Tube ◽  
Atomic Hydrogen ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms

Hydrogen atoms, generated in a Wood's electric discharge tube, were allowed to react with tetrafluoroethene. The products of the reaction were found to be HF, C2F3H, C2H2, C2F2H2, C2F4H2, C2FH3, C2H4, and CHF3. The formation of the products with the exception of HF was studied quantitatively from 30–330 °C.

scholarly journals The spectrum of silicon hydride

1930 ◽  
Vol 126 (802) ◽  
pp. 373-392 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Discharge Tube ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Vacuum Arc ◽  
Silicon Hydride ◽  
First Order ◽  
Similar Appearance ◽  
Low Dispersion

A previously unrecorded band, stretching from about λ 4100 to λ 4200, was observed by Prof. A. Fowler on a photograph of the vacuum-arc spectrum of silicon taken with the first order of a 10-foot grating in 1919, and was con­sidered to be most probably due to silicon hydride. In 1921 Prof. Wood, in the course of his work on the hydrogen spectrum, observed a band of similar appearance, which he also considered to be due to a compound of silicon (from the glass walls of the discharge tube) and hydrogen. He gave a list of the wave-lengths of the band lines, and these agree well with the prominent lines on Prof. Fowler’s plate, although the latter contains many more lines. In the course of the present work it was found that the band observed by Prof. Fowler was in reality a mixture of the spectrum of silicon hydride and that of silicon nitride. The band of Prof. Wood’s plate includes, however, only lines now attributed to the compound SiH. Experimental . The conditions most favourable for the production of the band were first investigated with the aid of a spectrograph of very wide aperture and low dispersion (about 40 A. per millimetre at λ 4100). Photographs of the spectra of the silicon arc in vacuo , in water vapour, in hydrogen at atmospheric pressure and at very low pressure, were taken, but these sources all appear to be much inferior to the arc in hydrogen at pressures between about 3 and 9 cm. of mercury. Using the latter source photographs on a larger scale were then taken with the 10-foot grating spectrograph. Using the first order (5.5 A. per millimetre) a strong plate was obtained with an exposure of about ¼ hour. The current was approximately 6 amperes at 110 volts, and the pressure of hydrogen about 4 cm. of mercury.

Preparation of hydrogen atoms in an electric discharge tube

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Boelhouwer ◽  
J. van Steenis ◽  
H. I. Waterman
Keyword(s):  
Electric Discharge ◽  
Discharge Tube ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms
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