The response of normal men and women to changes in their environmental temparatures and ways of life

1971 ◽  
Vol 259 (835) ◽  
pp. 533-561 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Time ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Impaired Ability ◽  
Water Salt ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Similar Programme ◽  
Ways Of Life

Sudanese men and women were flown to Cambridge in the winter of 1966/67 and at once began to take part in an experiment there lasting for 8 days with a corresponding number of British subjects. The Sudanese conformed to the British way of life. Time was provided for relaxation and exercise and the intakes and expenditures of water, salt and energy were measured. The British party were flown to Khartoum in the spring of 1968—not, for political reasons, as was originally planned in June 1967. They matched up again with the Sudanese subjects and adopted the daily routine of the latter while a similar programme of relaxation exercise and measurements was being carried out. The dry-bulb temperatures out of doors in England ranged from —5.6 to 12.5 °C but the rooms were warmed. The dry-bulb temperatures ranged from 14.8 to 38.7 °C in Khartoum and none of the rooms were cooled. The food in Khartoum provided more protein and less salt than in Cambridge. The subjects ate more and expended more energy in Cambridge than in Khartoum and they also tended to gain weight, particularly the Sudanese. The British food intakes were considerably lower in Khartoum and, in spite of expending less energy, the subjects lost weight. To live the lives they did the British males had an obligatory water expenditure of around 2223 ml/ day in Cambridge and 2920 ml. in Khartoum ; the figures for the Sudanese were 2278 and 3381. All the subjects would have required about 7 to 8 g of sodium chloride/day in Khartoum to make their food palatable and to provide for the obligatory losses. The women ate less, expended less energy and had considerably lower obligatory losses of water and salt than the men. Neither the British nor the Sudanese showed impaired ability to perform arithmetic or prolonged vigilence tests in their unaccustomed environment. The Sudanese were less cautious than the British in that they made more false reports of signals in the vigilance task.

Hysterical traits and variability of mood in normal men

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter V. Rabins ◽  
Phillip R. Slavney
Keyword(s):  
Men And Women ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Normal Men

SynopsisIn a study of 40 normal men it was found that self-ratings on variability of mood were positively correlated with self-ratings on hysterical traits. These results are similar to those found in normal women and lend support both to the validity of the concept of hysterical personality and to the idea that men and women experience fluctuations of mood in a similar way.

Artisans, Objects and Everyday Life in Renaissance Italy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Hohti Erichsen
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
Luxury Goods ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Household Economies ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Cultural Renaissance ◽  
Renaissance Italy ◽  
History Books

Did ordinary Italians have a ‘Renaissance’? This book presents the first in-depth exploration of how artisans and small local traders experienced the material and cultural Renaissance. Drawing on a rich blend of sixteenth-century visual and archival evidence, it examines how individuals and families at artisanal levels (such as shoemakers, barbers, bakers and innkeepers) lived and worked, managed their household economies and consumption, socialised in their homes, and engaged with the arts and the markets for luxury goods. It demonstrates that although the economic and social status of local craftsmen and traders was relatively low, their material possessions show how these men and women who rarely make it into the history books were fully engaged with contemporary culture, cultural customs and the urban way of life.

Varieties of Worldly Wisdom

1957 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. W. Manning
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Ways Of Life ◽  
Natural Way

The English and American ways of life have more than a little in common. Except however when “Rhodes Scholars in reverse,” Englishmen do not “major.” Instead, they “specialize”—a very, very few in International Relations. Some of these do it in London. This article is on what that means.In cricket—a staple, incidentally, of the English way of life—there are broadly two techniques for bringing a ball to “turn from the off.” One, the less usual, is the “googly.” Fifty years ago it was a rarity indeed. Yet the writer knew in those days a fellow-schoolboy who, bowling googlies, was unaware that not everybody did. To him, they seemed the natural way to have a ball “turn from the off.”

Differences in insulin sensitivity between normal men and women

Metabolism ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 1133-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Hale ◽  
John V. Wright ◽  
Malcolm Nattrass
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Normal Men

THE ESTIMATION OF 3α-HYDROXY-5α-ANDROST-16-ENE AND OTHER C19-Δ16-STEROIDS IN URINE BY GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. L. Brooksbank ◽  
D. B. Gower
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Urinary Excretion Rate ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Preliminary Purification ◽  
Normal Men

ABSTRACT A method is described for the quantitative estimation of C19-Δ16-steroids in human urine. After extraction and preliminary purification by the method of Brooksbank & Haslewood (1961), the steroids were analyzed as chloromethyl dimethylsilyl ethers by gas-liquid chromatography. The specificity, accuracy and precision of the method were found to be satisfactory and comparison with the colorimetric method of Brooksbank & Haslewood (1961) for urinary 3α-hydroxy-5α-androst-16-ene showed a high correlation coefficient, r = 0.97 (P < 0.001). Figures are given for the urinary excretion rate of 3α-hydroxy-5α-androst-16-ene of normal men and women and of some women suffering from hirsutism and from adrenocortical overactivity. The values are given for 3α-hydroxy-5β-androst-16-ene and 3β-hydroxyandrosta-5,16-diene in pools of urine from healthy men and women.

A more specific, liquid-chromatographic method for free cortisol in urine.

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 2418-2420 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Canalis ◽  
G E Reardon ◽  
A M Caldarella
Keyword(s):  
Present Method ◽  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
Urinary Cortisol ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Method ◽  
Analytical Recovery ◽  
Free Cortisol ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract Currently used assays for urinary cortisol reportedly overestimate it, owing to cross-reacting substances. We describe here a method for separating and measuring by liquid chromatography cortisol extracted from urine. The method is specific for cortisol and as little as 5 ng per sample can be measured. Mean analytical recovery of added cortisol was 98.8% (SD 6.1%) and the coefficients of variation ranged from 3.1 to 4.7% (within-day) and from 7.1 to 14% (between-day). Mean (and SD) urinary excretion of cortisol for 45 normal men and women was 20.1 (SD 7.6) micrograms/24 h; for 29 children it was 14.1 (SD 6.0) micrograms/24 h. Results by radioimmunoassay were 1.4- to 4.3-fold greater than by this method, and results of the two assays did not correlate well (r = 0.59, p less than 0.01). We consider the present method to be a practical and specific assay for three cortisol in urine.

Comparison of effects of sustained isocapnic hypoxia on ventilation in men and women

1997 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 599-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitar Sajkov ◽  
Alister Neill ◽  
Nicholas A. Saunders ◽  
R. Douglas McEvoy
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Inspiratory Time ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Ventilatory Responses ◽  
Reduced Frequency ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Respiratory Depressant

Sajkov, Dimitar, Alister Neill, Nicholas A. Saunders, and R. Douglas McEvoy. Comparison of the effects of sustained isocapnic hypoxia on ventilation in men and women. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(2): 599–607, 1997.—Sleep-related respiratory disturbances are more common in men than in premenopausal women. This might, in part, be due to different susceptibilities to the respiratory depressant effects of hypoxia. Therefore, we compared ventilation during 10 min of baseline room-air breathing and 20-min sustained isocapnic hypoxia (fractional inspired O2 = 11%, arterial saturation of O2 ≈ 80%) followed by 10 min of breathing 100% O2 in 10 normal men and in 10 women in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Control measurements were made during two transitions from room air (10 min) to 100% O2 (10 min) and averaged. Inspired minute ventilation (V˙i) after 2 min of hypoxia was the same in men and women [131 ± 6.1% baseline for men, 136 ± 7.7% baseline for women; not significant (NS)] and declined to the same level after 20 min (115 ± 5.0% baseline for men, 116 ± 6.6% baseline for women; NS) associated with a similar decline in inspiratory time and tidal volume. Breathing frequency did not change.V˙i decreased transiently during subsequent 100% O2 breathing in both men and women, associated with reduced frequency and duty cycle and increased expiratory time. The fall inV˙i was significantly greater than that observed during control hyperoxia experiments in men but not in women. We conclude that ventilatory responses to sustained isocapnic hypoxia do not differ between awake healthy men and women in the follicular phase of their menstrual cycle. However, after termination of isocapnic hypoxia, men appear to depress their ventilation to a greater degree than women.

Families of Dull Children

1960 ◽  
Vol 106 (445) ◽  
pp. 1296-1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zena Stein ◽  
Mervyn Susser
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Society ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Ways Of Life

Culture in its anthropological sense has been described as “a configuration of learned behaviour and results of behaviour whose component elements are shared and transmitted by members of a particular society” (Linton, 1936); in other words, a way of life. It has long been understood that more than one type of culture may be found in any one society. All societies are stratified and in an industrial society people of different levels have different ways of life. These are subcultures.

Individual Variation in Serum Calcium in Normal Men and Women.

1931 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 907-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Boynton ◽  
E. M. Greisheimer
Keyword(s):  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Normal Men
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