scholarly journals III. Observations of the late total eclipse of the sun on the 22d of April last past, made before the Royal Society at their house in Crane Court in Fleet-street, London. By Dr. Edmund Halley, Reg. Soc. Secr. With an account of what has been communicated from aboard concerning the same

1714 ◽  
Vol 29 (343) ◽  
pp. 245-262 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Sun ◽  

Though it be certain from the principles of astronomy, that there happens necessarily a central eclipse of the sun in some part or other of the terraqueous globe, about twenty eight times in each period of eighteen years;

Owing to the representations of the Committee on Solar Physics, who communicated with the Royal Society the desirability of observing this eclipse, an expedition was organised under the auspices of the latter body. The Council of the Royal Society having requested me to draw up a report on the Total Eclipse observed at Caroline Island, I undertook the task so far as relates to the results which were obtained with the same instruments which were employed in the observations of the Total Eclipse in Egypt in 1882. Two observers, Mr. H. Lawrance and Mr. C. R. Woods, who had both taken part in the Eclipse Expedition to Egypt as assistants to Professors Lockyer and Schuster, were entrusted with the arduous duty of making the observations. The expedition was devoted entirely to photographic work, the main object being to continue the photographic observations which had been carried on in Egypt, consisting of photographs of the corona taken on very rapid plates with varying exposure, photographs of the corona taken with a slitless spectroscope (the prismatic camera), and a photograph of the corona spectrum, the image of the moon and the corona being thrown on the slit cutting the diameter of the former. There is no occasion to describe the instruments which were employed for the first two classes of observations, as they have been fully described in the previous communication to the Royal Society by Professor Schuster and myself which appears in the ‘Philosophical Transactions’ for 1884. The photographic spectroscope which was employed on this occasion differed in one detail, and in one detail only, in that the dispersion was doubled, two medium dense flint prisms of 62½° being employed instead of one prism of the same angle. The experience gained in Egypt seemed to show that, if the coronal light was equally bright in the two eclipses, the rapid plates used on both occasions would be amply adequate to secure photographs with the larger dispersion. Besides these observations several others were made, but did not meet with the success it was hoped they would have done. A photoheliograph, giving a 4-inch solar image, was attached to an equatorial mount, in addition to the wooden camera carrying a lens of 5 ft. 6 in. focus, with which the smaller-sized pictures of the corona were taken in Egypt. The pictures taken with the former though sufficiently exposed, showed that a large image could be utilised.


1870 ◽  
Vol 18 (114-122) ◽  
pp. 179-183

By the kindness of Professors Winlock, Morton, and Newton, I have been favoured with photographs, and as yet unpublished accounts, of the results of the recent total eclipse of the sun observed in America. I am anxious, therefore, to take the opportunity afforded by the subject being under discussion, to lay a few remarks thus early before the Royal Society. The points which I hoped might be more especially elucidated by this eclipse were as follows:— 1. Is it possible to differentiate between the chromosphere and the corona ? 2. What is the real photographic evidence of the structure of the base of the chromosphere in reference to Mr. W. De La Rue's enlarged photographs of the eclipse of 1860 ?


1869 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 74-80 ◽  

My dear Sir, —I hasten to send you an account of the observations I have fortunately been able to make at Beejapoor of the total eclipse on the 18th instant with one of the hand-spectroscopes sent out by the Royal Society in the care of Lieut. Herscliel, R.E., not waiting to let my report be forwarded by Colonel Walker, R.E., my departmental superior, on account of the delay which would necessarily be caused thereby. I may state at once that I observed the spectra of two red flames close to each other, and in their spectra two broad bright bands quite sharply defined, one rose-madder and the other light golden. These spectra were soon lost in the spectrum of the moon’s edge just before emergence, which had also two well-defined bright bands (one green and one indigo) about a quarter the width of the bands in the spectra of the flames, this spectrum being again soon lost in the bright sunlight.


Science ◽  
1934 ◽  
Vol 79 (2043) ◽  
pp. 5-5
Keyword(s):  
The Sun ◽  

1909 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. L. Schwarz

Dr. J. R. Sutton has recently read a most important paper to the Royal Society of South Africa on the diurnal variation of level at Kimberley. The paper gave the preliminary results of observations made during the course of three years upon the variation of the level of the ground as recorded by a large horizontal pendulum of a special design made for the author by the Cambridge Instrument Company. It appeared from the results that the movements in the surface of the ground, which set up corresponding movements in the pendulum, were very great. The maximum westerly elongation of the extremity of the pendulum occurred about 5.30 a.m., the maximum easterly about 4.15 p.m., the medium positions a little before 11 a.m. and 9.30 p.m. Geometrically these movements may be represented on the hypothesis that the hemisphere facing the sun bulges out, forming a sort of meniscus to the geosphere. The rise and fall of the surface of the ground which such a supposition would postulate is enormous, and the very magnitude has led Dr. Sutton to hesitate in giving the figures. There can, however, be very little doubt that some rise and fall in the earth's surface is occasioned by the sun's gravitational pull, although the present figures may have to be lessened by taking into consideration other causes which contribute to the disturbance of the pendulum.


1765 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 326-344 ◽  

The observations of the late transit of Venus, though made with all possible care and accuracy, have not enabled us to determine with certainty the real quantity of the sun's parallax; since, by a comparison of the observations made in several parts of the globe, the sun's parallax is not less than 8" 1/2, nor does it seem to exceed 10". From the labours of those gentlemen, who have attempted to deduce this quantity from the theory of gravity, it should seem that the earth performs its annual revolution round the sun at a greater distance than is generally imagined: since Mr. Professor Stewart has determined the sun's parallax to be only 6', 9, and Mr. Mayer, the late celebrated Professor at Gottingen, who hath brought the lunar tables to a degree of perfection almost unexpected, is of opinion that it cannot exceed 8".


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