scholarly journals Prospective study of potential sources of Streptococcus mutans transmission in nursery school children

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra C. Alves ◽  
Ruchele D. Nogueira ◽  
Rafael N. Stipp ◽  
Flávia Pampolini ◽  
Antonio B. A. Moraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Nursery School ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Nursery Schools ◽  
Child Day Care ◽  
Familial Relationship ◽  
Arbitrarily Primed Pcr ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Caries Lesions

Transmission of Streptococcus mutans, a major dental caries pathogen, occurs mainly during the first 2.5 years of age. Children appear to acquire S. mutans mostly from their mothers, but few studies have investigated non-familial sources of S. mutans transmission. This study prospectively analysed initial S. mutans oral colonization in 119 children from nursery schools during a 1.5-year period and tracked the transmission from child to child, day-care caregiver to child and mother to child. Children were examined at baseline, when they were 5–13 months of age, and at 6-month intervals for determination of oral levels of S. mutans and development of caries lesions. Levels of S. mutans were also determined in caregivers and mothers. A total of 1392 S. mutans isolates (obtained from children, caregivers and mothers) were genotyped by arbitrarily primed PCR and chromosomal RFLP. Overall, 40.3 % of children were detectably colonized during the study, and levels of S. mutans were significantly associated with the development of caries lesions. Identical S. mutans genotypes were found in four nursery cohorts. No familial relationship existed in three of these cohorts, indicating horizontal transmission. Despite high oral levels of S. mutans identified in most of the caregivers, none of their genotypes matched those identified in the respective children. Only 50 % of children with high levels of S. mutans carried genotypes identified in their mothers. The results support previous evidence indicating that non-familial sources of S. mutans transmission exist, and indicate that this bacterium may be transmitted horizontally between children during the initial phases of S. mutans colonization in nursery environments.

Determination of the Viability of Toxoplasma gondii in Cured Ham Using Bioassay: Influence of Technological Processing and Food Safety Implications

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 2239-2243 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUSANA BAYARRI ◽  
MARÍA J. GRACIA ◽  
REGINA LÁZARO ◽  
CONSUELO PÉREZ-ARQUILLUÉ ◽  
MONTSERRAT BARBERÁN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Meat Product ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Nitrite Concentration ◽  
Bioassay Technique ◽  
Technological Processing ◽  
Undercooked Meat ◽  
Porcine Tissues

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii and distributed worldwide. Ingestion of viable cysts from infected raw or undercooked meat is an important route of horizontal transmission of the parasite to humans. Little information is available concerning the effect of commercial curing on cysts of T. gondii. This study is the first in which the influence of processing of cured ham on the viability of T. gondii has been evaluated, using bioassay to assess the risk of infection from eating this meat product. Naturally infected pigs were selected for the study, and a mouse concentration bioassay technique was used to demonstrate viable bradyzoites of T. gondii in porcine tissues and hams. No viable parasites were found in the final product (14 months of curing) based on results of the indirect immunofluorescence assay and histological and PCR analyses. Our results indicate that the consumption of hams cured as described here poses an insignificant risk of acquiring toxoplasmosis. However, additional studies are required to evaluate the safety of ham products cured under different conditions of curing time, salt, and nitrite concentration.

scholarly journals Regulation of Recombination betweengtfB/gtfCGenes inStreptococcus mutansby Recombinase A

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoko Inagaki ◽  
Kazuyo Fujita ◽  
Yukiko Takashima ◽  
Kayoko Nagayama ◽  
Arifah C. Ardin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Homologous Recombination ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Reca Protein ◽  
Cellular Adhesion ◽  
Colony Morphology ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Cooperative Action

Streptococcus mutansproduces 3 types of glucosyltransferases (GTFs), whose cooperative action is essential for cellular adhesion. The recombinase A (RecA) protein is required for homologous recombination. In our previous study, we isolated several strains with a smooth colony morphology and low GTF activity, characteristics speculated to be derived from the GTF fusions. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of those fusions.S. mutansstrain MT8148 was grown in the presence of recombinant RecA (rRecA) protein, after which smooth colonies were isolated. The biological functions and sequences of thegtfBandgtfCgenes of this as well as other clinical strains were determined. The sucrose-dependent adherence rates of those strains were reduced as compared to that of MT8148. Determination of the sequences of thegtfBandgtfCgenes showed that an approximately 3500 bp region was deleted from the area between them. Furthermore, expression of therecAgene was elevated in those strains as compared to MT8148. These results suggest that RecA has an important role in fusions ofgtfBandgtfCgenes, leading to alteration of colony morphology and reduction in sucrose-dependent adhesion.

scholarly journals Nursery School Cooperation with the Family in the Field of Media Education in Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-98
Author(s):  
Vladimíra Kocourková ◽  
Kamil Janiš ◽  
Veronika Woznicová
Keyword(s):  
Nursery School ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Media Education ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Specific Topic ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Nursery Schools ◽  
Research Survey ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Introduction: The paper focuses on a narrowly specific topic of the family cooperation with an institution of pre-school education - the nursery school (or also just the nursery), concentrating on a specific topic of “media education”. It considers the determining factors and presents partial findings of a research survey aimed at the field of media education in nursery schools. Methods: The paper contains the results of our own questionnaire research, which was carried out online in nursery school teachers. It also contains a theoretical definition of media literacy and media education in the context of the target group. Results: The result is an analysis of the obtained findings and formulated proposals for measures in the given field, which are usable and applicable in practice. Discussion: The individual presented results are continuously discussed with regard to the findings from the field of media education in the nursery school. Today, the world of the media is a common part of life even for children of pre-school age, and therefore it is necessary to teach them to orient themselves in it, which should be one of the tasks of the nursery school. In the Czech Republic, this issue has not yet been addressed at a significant level or to an appropriate extent. Our results are therefore closely linked not only to the discussion comments, but also to the conclusions drawn from them. Limitations: The results of the empirical research may be influenced by the attitudes and prejudices of nursery school teachers in relation to media in pre-school children. Conclusion: An early intervention can teach children to use media for their benefit and prevent media from negatively affecting them. The negative consequences of unrestrained effects of e.g. the television or mobile phones have been empirically proven. This information about the negative consequences is very general, distorted or superficial for the general public (parents), though. We consider the implementation of media education into the “teaching” process in nursery schools to be inevitable, even with regard to a closer cooperation between the institution and parents. However, this also places increased demands on training pedagogical staff in nursery schools in the subject area, creating methodological materials, etc.

Der erste Sprachkontakt: ein Konzept für die Nachbarsprachenvermittlung im Kindergartenalltag

2021 ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
Alice Brychová
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Nursery School ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
First Language ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Nursery Schools ◽  
Early Acquisition

THE FIRST LANGUAGE CONTACT: A CONCEPT FOR TEACHING NEIGHBOURING LANGUAGES IN THE NURSERY SCHOOL In the article we would like to describe the chances and potential of early acquisition of neighbouring languages for child development, and to present the specific possibilities of the “learning location” border region. Specific circumstances have also influenced the methodological approach in the teaching of neighbouring languages for children in Lower Austria nursery schools. The mother tongue staff and the methodical advisors of the project “BIG”, among them also the author of the article, have tried together to develop an optimal concept which would also serve as a basis for teaching or pedagogical care of children at the interface nursery school.

scholarly journals Dental Health Status and Oral Health Care in Nursery School-Aged Children and their Parents Living in Poznan (Poland)

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-218
Author(s):  
Karolina Gerreth ◽  
Timucin Ari ◽  
Wojciech Bednarz ◽  
Michal Nowicki ◽  
Maria Borysewicz-Lewicka
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Nursery School ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Dental Services ◽  
Nursery Schools ◽  
Carious Process ◽  
Dental Health Status

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the dental health status of nursery age children and parents. The use of dental services was assessed. Subjects and Methods: The study was performed in nursery schools located in Poznan, Western Poland. Clinical examination was carried out in 157 children (48.41% males and 51.59% females), aged 10–42 months. Dental health status (the number of teeth with caries, fillings and extracted) of their parents was determined on the basis of data obtained from a questionnaire. The questions also concerned information on child’s and parents’ dental check-ups and opinion on their predisposition to dental caries. Results: Clinical examination revealed that 21.05% of boys and 18.51% of girls had dental caries. Most mothers had from 1 to 5 either carious and/or filled teeth (47.13%) or extracted teeth due to carious process (61.15%); the fathers’ values were similar at 46.50 and 66.24%, respectively. More mothers (84.71%) than fathers (72.62%) had regular dental check-ups (p = 0.02). The analysis of mother-father-child triads showed that when both parents visited the dentist regularly, more children were free of caries (56.68%) in comparison to those with the disease (13.38%; p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study showed that the dental health status, as well as oral care of nursery school children and their parents, is unsatisfactory. Therefore, there is a need to introduce an intensive dental educational program focusing on dental prophylaxis for nursery age children and their parents or caregivers.

scholarly journals Early childhood education professionals’ knowledge about prevention, detection and treatment of acute respiratory infections in children

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. e43759
Author(s):  
Patrícia Domingos dos Santos ◽  
Franciele Cascaes da Silva ◽  
Bruna Weber Santos ◽  
Camila Isabel Santos Schivinski
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Nursery School ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Education Professionals ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Nursery Schools ◽  
The City

The present study aimed to identify and compare knowledge and practices of early childhood education professionals from three public nursery schools (A, B and C) in the city of Florianópolis/SC relative to prevention, early detection and handling of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in children aged between zero and six years old. A total of 120 educators answered a questionnaire. The instrument was composed of 15 close- and open-ended questions, five of which were scored. In statistical analyses, the Anova One-Way test revealed no significant differences for knowledge between professionals from the three institutions, with nursery school B having the highest mean score (6.12 ± 0.8), showing fair knowledge about child care. Overall results point to existing gaps concerning the need for guidance on these aspects of a child’s health.

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