scholarly journals Plant cell wall integrity maintenance and pattern-triggered immunity modulate jointly plant stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Engelsdorf ◽  
Nora Gigli-Bisceglia ◽  
Manikandan Veerabagu ◽  
Joseph F. McKenna ◽  
Frauke Augstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Integrity ◽  
Maintenance Mechanism ◽  
Signaling Components

AbstractPlant cells are surrounded by walls, which must often meet opposing functional requirements during plant growth and defense. The cells meet them by modifying wall structure and composition in a tightly controlled and adaptive manner. The modifications seem to be mediated by a dedicated cell wall integrity (CWI) maintenance mechanism. Currently the mode of action of the mechanism is not understood and it is unclear how its activity is coordinated with established plant defense signaling. We investigated responses to induced cell wall damage (CWD) impairing CWI and the underlying mechanism in Arabidopsis thaliana. Interestingly inhibitor- and enzyme-derived CWD induced similar, turgor-sensitive stress responses. Genetic analysis showed that the receptor-like kinase (RLK) FEI2 and the mechano-sensitive, plasma membrane-localized Ca2+- channel MCA1 function downstream of the THE1 RLK in CWD perception. Phenotypic clustering with 27 genotypes identified a core group of RLKs and ion channels, required for activation of CWD responses. By contrast, the responses were repressed by pattern-triggered immune (PTI) signaling components including PEPR1 and 2, the receptors for the immune signaling peptide AtPep1. Interestingly AtPep1 application repressed CWD-induced phytohormone accumulation in a PEPR1/2-dependent manner. These results suggest that PTI suppresses CWD-induced defense responses through elicitor peptide-mediated signaling during defense response activation. If PTI is impaired, the suppression of CWD-induced responses is alleviated, thus compensating for defective PTI.Significance statementStress resistance and plant growth determine food crop yield and efficiency of bioenergy production from ligno-cellulosic biomass. Plant cell walls are essential elements of the biological processes, therefore functional integrity of the cell walls must be maintained throughout. Here we investigate the plant cell wall integrity maintenance mechanism. We characterize its mode of action, identify essential signaling components and show that the AtPep1 signaling peptide apparently coordinates pattern triggered immunity (PTI) and cell wall integrity maintenance in plants. These results suggest how PTI and cell wall modification coordinately regulate biotic stress responses with plants possibly compensating for PTI impairment through enhanced activation of stress responses regulated by the CWI maintenance mechanism.

scholarly journals Plant cell wall integrity maintenance in model plants and crop species-relevant cell wall components and underlying guiding principles

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 2049-2077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Gigli-Bisceglia ◽  
Timo Engelsdorf ◽  
Thorsten Hamann
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cell Wall Integrity ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Maintenance Mechanism ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Composition And Structure

AbstractThe walls surrounding the cells of all land-based plants provide mechanical support essential for growth and development as well as protection from adverse environmental conditions like biotic and abiotic stress. Composition and structure of plant cell walls can differ markedly between cell types, developmental stages and species. This implies that wall composition and structure are actively modified during biological processes and in response to specific functional requirements. Despite extensive research in the area, our understanding of the regulatory processes controlling active and adaptive modifications of cell wall composition and structure is still limited. One of these regulatory processes is the cell wall integrity maintenance mechanism, which monitors and maintains the functional integrity of the plant cell wall during development and interaction with environment. It is an important element in plant pathogen interaction and cell wall plasticity, which seems at least partially responsible for the limited success that targeted manipulation of cell wall metabolism has achieved so far. Here, we provide an overview of the cell wall polysaccharides forming the bulk of plant cell walls in both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants and the effects their impairment can have. We summarize our current knowledge regarding the cell wall integrity maintenance mechanism and discuss that it could be responsible for several of the mutant phenotypes observed.

scholarly journals The plant cell wall integrity maintenance and immune signaling systems cooperate to control stress responses inArabidopsis thaliana

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (536) ◽  
pp. eaao3070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Engelsdorf ◽  
Nora Gigli-Bisceglia ◽  
Manikandan Veerabagu ◽  
Joseph F. McKenna ◽  
Lauri Vaahtera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Integrity ◽  
Immune Signaling ◽  
Signaling Systems

scholarly journals Post-Synthetic Reduction of Pectin Methylesterification Causes Morphological Abnormalities and Alterations to Stress Response in Arabidopsis thaliana

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1558
Author(s):  
Nathan T. Reem ◽  
Lauran Chambers ◽  
Ning Zhang ◽  
Siti Farah Abdullah ◽  
Yintong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Pectin Methylesterase ◽  
Dwarf Phenotype ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Defense Response Genes

Pectin is a critical component of the plant cell wall, supporting wall biomechanics and contributing to cell wall signaling in response to stress. The plant cell carefully regulates pectin methylesterification with endogenous pectin methylesterases (PMEs) and their inhibitors (PMEIs) to promote growth and protect against pathogens. We expressed Aspergillus nidulans pectin methylesterase (AnPME) in Arabidopsis thaliana plants to determine the impacts of methylesterification status on pectin function. Plants expressing AnPME had a roughly 50% reduction in methylester content compared with control plants. AnPME plants displayed a severe dwarf phenotype, including small, bushy rosettes and shorter roots. This phenotype was caused by a reduction in cell elongation. Cell wall composition was altered in AnPME plants, with significantly more arabinose and significantly less galacturonic acid, suggesting that plants actively monitor and compensate for altered pectin content. Cell walls of AnPME plants were more readily degraded by polygalacturonase (PG) alone but were less susceptible to treatment with a mixture of PG and PME. AnPME plants were insensitive to osmotic stress, and their susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea was comparable to wild type plants despite their compromised cell walls. This is likely due to upregulated expression of defense response genes observed in AnPME plants. These results demonstrate the importance of pectin in both normal growth and development, and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses.

scholarly journals The Role of Mechanoperception in Plant Cell Wall Integrity Maintenance

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Bacete ◽  
Thorsten Hamann
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Integrity ◽  
Adaptive Changes ◽  
Structural Support ◽  
Dynamic Structures ◽  
Molecular Components

The plant cell walls surrounding all plant cells are highly dynamic structures, which change their composition and organization in response to chemical and physical stimuli originating both in the environment and in plants themselves. They are intricately involved in all interactions between plants and their environment while also providing adaptive structural support during plant growth and development. A key mechanism contributing to these adaptive changes is the cell wall integrity (CWI) maintenance mechanism. It monitors and maintains the functional integrity of cell walls by initiating adaptive changes in cellular and cell wall metabolism. Despite its importance, both our understanding of its mode of action and knowledge regarding the molecular components that form it are limited. Intriguingly, the available evidence implicates mechanosensing in the mechanism. Here, we provide an overview of the knowledge available regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in and discuss how mechanoperception and signal transduction may contribute to plant CWI maintenance.

scholarly journals THESEUS1 modulates cell wall stiffness and abscisic acid production in Arabidopsis thaliana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Bacete ◽  
Julia Schulz ◽  
Timo Engelsdorf ◽  
Zdenka Bartosova ◽  
Lauri Vaahtera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Cell Wall Integrity ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Maintenance Mechanism ◽  
Wall Stiffness

Plant cells can be distinguished from animal cells by their cell walls and high turgor pressure. Although changes in turgor and stiffness of cell walls seem coordinated, we know little about the mechanism responsible for coordination. Evidence has accumulated that plants, like yeast, have a dedicated cell wall integrity maintenance mechanism. This mechanism monitors the functional integrity of the wall and maintains it through adaptive responses when cell wall damage occurs during growth, development, and interactions with the environment. The adaptive responses include osmo-sensitive-induction of phytohormone production, defence responses as well as changes in cell wall composition and structure. Here, we investigate how the cell wall integrity maintenance mechanism coordinates changes in cell wall stiffness and turgor in Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that the production of abscisic acid (ABA), the phytohormone modulating turgor pressure and responses to drought, depends on the presence of a functional cell wall. We find that the cell wall integrity sensor THESEUS1 modulates mechanical properties of walls, turgor loss point and ABA biosynthesis. We identify RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEIN 12 as a new component of cell wall integrity maintenance controlling cell wall damage-induced jasmonic acid production. Based on the results we propose that THE1 is responsible for coordinating changes in turgor pressure and cell wall stiffness.

scholarly journals THESEUS1 modulates cell wall stiffness and abscisic acid production in Arabidopsis thaliana

2021 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. e2119258119
Author(s):  
Laura Bacete ◽  
Julia Schulz ◽  
Timo Engelsdorf ◽  
Zdenka Bartosova ◽  
Lauri Vaahtera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Cell Wall Integrity ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Maintenance Mechanism ◽  
Cell Wall Damage ◽  
Wall Stiffness

Plant cells can be distinguished from animal cells by their cell walls and high-turgor pressure. Although changes in turgor and the stiffness of cell walls seem coordinated, we know little about the mechanism responsible for coordination. Evidence has accumulated that plants, like yeast, have a dedicated cell wall integrity maintenance mechanism. It monitors the functional integrity of the wall and maintains integrity through adaptive responses induced by cell wall damage arising during growth, development, and interactions with the environment. These adaptive responses include osmosensitive induction of phytohormone production, defense responses, as well as changes in cell wall composition and structure. Here, we investigate how the cell wall integrity maintenance mechanism coordinates changes in cell wall stiffness and turgor in Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that the production of abscisic acid (ABA), the phytohormone-modulating turgor pressure, and responses to drought depend on the presence of a functional cell wall. We find that the cell wall integrity sensor THESEUS1 modulates mechanical properties of walls, turgor loss point, ABA biosynthesis, and ABA-controlled processes. We identify RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEIN 12 as a component of cell wall integrity maintenance–controlling, cell wall damage–induced jasmonic acid (JA) production. We propose that THE1 is responsible for coordinating changes in turgor pressure and cell wall stiffness.

scholarly journals Plant Cell Wall Hydration and Plant Physiology: An Exploration of the Consequences of Direct Effects of Water Deficit on the Plant Cell Wall

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1263
Author(s):  
David Stuart Thompson ◽  
Azharul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Degree Of Hydration ◽  
Cellulose Composites

The extensibility of synthetic polymers is routinely modulated by the addition of lower molecular weight spacing molecules known as plasticizers, and there is some evidence that water may have similar effects on plant cell walls. Furthermore, it appears that changes in wall hydration could affect wall behavior to a degree that seems likely to have physiological consequences at water potentials that many plants would experience under field conditions. Osmotica large enough to be excluded from plant cell walls and bacterial cellulose composites with other cell wall polysaccharides were used to alter their water content and to demonstrate that the relationship between water potential and degree of hydration of these materials is affected by their composition. Additionally, it was found that expansins facilitate rehydration of bacterial cellulose and cellulose composites and cause swelling of plant cell wall fragments in suspension and that these responses are also affected by polysaccharide composition. Given these observations, it seems probable that plant environmental responses include measures to regulate cell wall water content or mitigate the consequences of changes in wall hydration and that it may be possible to exploit such mechanisms to improve crop resilience.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document