scholarly journals Influence of GST- and P450-based metabolic resistance to pyrethroids on blood feeding in the major African malaria vector Anopheles funestus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynda Nouage ◽  
Emmanuel Elanga-Ndille ◽  
Achille Binyang ◽  
Magellan Tchouakui ◽  
Tatiane Atsatse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Anopheles Funestus ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Meal Size ◽  
Metabolic Resistance ◽  
Feeding Success ◽  
Blood Meal Size

AbstractInsecticide resistance genes are often associated with pleiotropic effects on various mosquito life-history traits. However, very little information is available on the impact of insecticide resistance, especially metabolic resistance, on blood feeding process in mosquitoes. Here, using two recently detected DNA-based metabolic markers in the major malaria vector, An. funestus, we investigated how metabolic resistance genes could affect blood meal intake.After allowing both field F1 and lab F8 Anopheles funestus strains to feed on human arm for 30 minutes, we assessed the association between key parameters of blood meal process including, probing time, feeding duration, blood feeding success and blood meal size, and markers of glutathione S-transferase (L119F-GSTe2) and cytochrome P450 (CYP6P9a_R) - mediated metabolic resistance. None of the parameters of blood meal process was associated with L119F-GSTe2 genotypes. In contrast, for CYP6P9a_R, homozygote resistant mosquitoes were significantly more able to blood-feed than homozygote susceptible (OR = 3.3; CI 95%: 1.4-7.7; P =0.01) mosquitoes. Moreover, the volume of blood meal ingested by CYP6P9a-SS mosquitoes was lower than that of CYP6P9a-RS (P<0.004) and of CYP6P9a-RR (P<0.006). This suggests that CYP6P9a gene affects the feeding success and blood meal size of An. funestus. However, no correlation was found in the expression of CYP6P9a and that of genes encoding for salivary proteins involved in blood meal process.This study suggests that P450-based metabolic resistance may increase the blood feeding ability of malaria vectors and potential impacting their vectorial capacity.

scholarly journals Sub-lethal insecticide exposure affects host biting efficiency of Kdr-resistant Anopheles gambiae

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malal M Diop ◽  
Fabrice Chandre ◽  
Marie Rossignol ◽  
Angélique Porciani ◽  
Mathieu Chateau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Meal Size ◽  
Insecticide Treated Nets ◽  
Feeding Success ◽  
Insecticide Exposure ◽  
Biting Behaviour ◽  
Blood Meal Size

AbstractThe massive use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) has drastically changed the environment for malaria vector mosquitoes, challenging their host-seeking behaviour and biting success. Here, we investigated the effect of a brief exposure to an ITN on the biting behaviour of Anopheles mambiae mosquitoes and the interaction between such behaviour and the kdr mutation that confers resistance to pyrethroids. To this aim, we developed a video assay to study the biting behaviour of mosquitoes with similar genetic background, but different kdr locus genotypes (SS i.e. homozygous susceptible, RS i.e. heterozygous and RR i.e. homozygous resistant), after a brief exposure to either control untreated nets or one of two types of pyrethroid-treated nets (deltamethrin or permethrin). In presence of untreated nets, the kdr mutation did not influence mosquito blood feeding success but caused differences in feeding and prediuresis durations and blood meal size. Exposure to deltamethrin ITN decreased the blood feeding success rate of RR and RS mosquitoes, whereas in presence of permethrin ITN, the kdr mutation increased the blood-feeding success of mosquitoes. Exposure to the two types of pyrethroid-treated nets reduced feeding duration, prediuresis duration and blood meal size of all three genotypes. Our study demonstrates a complex interaction between insecticide exposure and the kdr mutation on the biting behavior of mosquitoes, which may substantially impact malaria vector fitness and disease transmission.

scholarly journals Exploring the Mechanisms of Multiple Insecticide Resistance in a Highly Plasmodium-Infected Malaria Vector Anopheles funestus Sensu Stricto from Sahel of Northern Nigeria

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 454
Author(s):  
Sulaiman S. Ibrahim ◽  
Muhammad M. Mukhtar ◽  
Helen Irving ◽  
Jacob M. Riveron ◽  
Amen N. Fadel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Anopheles Funestus ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Metabolic Resistance ◽  
Biting Rate ◽  
Insecticide Treated Bed Nets ◽  
Sahel Region

The Nigerian Government is scaling up the distribution of insecticide-treated bed nets for malaria control, but the lack of surveillance data, especially in the Sudan/Sahel region of the country, may hinder targeting priority populations. Here, the vectorial role and insecticide resistance profile of a population of a major malaria vector Anopheles funestus sensu stricto from Sahel of Nigeria was characterised. An. funestus s.s. was the only vector found, with a high human blood index (100%) and a biting rate of 5.3/person/night. High Plasmodium falciparum infection was discovered (sporozoite rate = 54.55%). The population is resistant to permethrin (mortality = 48.30%, LT50 = 65.76 min), deltamethrin, DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) and bendiocarb, with mortalities of 29.44%, 56.34% and 54.05%, respectively. Cone-bioassays established loss of efficacy of the pyrethroid-only long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs); but 100% recovery of susceptibility was obtained for piperonylbutoxide (PBO)-containing PermaNet®3.0. Synergist bioassays with PBO and diethyl maleate recovered susceptibility, implicating CYP450s (permethrin mortality = 78.73%, χ2 = 22.33, P < 0.0001) and GSTs (DDT mortality = 81.44%, χ2 = 19.12, P < 0.0001). A high frequency of 119F GSTe2 mutation (0.84) was observed (OR = 16, χ2 = 3.40, P = 0.05), suggesting the preeminent role of metabolic resistance. These findings highlight challenges associated with deployment of LLINs and indoor residual spraying (IRS) in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Influence of GST- and P450-based metabolic resistance to pyrethroids on blood feeding in the major African malaria vector Anopheles funestus

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. e0230984
Author(s):  
Lynda Nouage ◽  
Emmanuel Elanga-Ndille ◽  
Achille Binyang ◽  
Magellan Tchouakui ◽  
Tatiane Atsatse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Anopheles Funestus ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Metabolic Resistance

scholarly journals Multiple Insecticide Resistance in the Malaria Vector Anopheles funestus from Northern Cameroon Is Mediated by Metabolic Resistance Alongside Potential Target Site Insensitivity Mutations

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e0163261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin D. Menze ◽  
Jacob M. Riveron ◽  
Sulaiman S. Ibrahim ◽  
Helen Irving ◽  
Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Anopheles Funestus ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Metabolic Resistance ◽  
Potential Target ◽  
Northern Cameroon

METHODS OF MEASURING BLOOD MEAL SIZE AND PROTEINASE ACTIVITY FOR DETERMINING EFFECTS OF MATED STATE ON DIGESTIVE PROCESSES OF FEMALE AEDES AEGYPTI (L.) (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)

1986 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon G. Houseman ◽  
A.E.R. Downe
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Acid Precipitation ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Meal Size ◽  
Proteinase Activity ◽  
Protein Loss ◽  
Blood Meal Size ◽  
Digestive Processes

AbstractTwo techniques for measuring size of ingested blood meal and 5 methods of measuring proteinase activity in the midgut of Aedes aegypti are compared. Protein, measured after trichloroacetic acid precipitation, was found to be most suitable for determining blood meal size and loss of protein from the gut. Of 5 proteinase substrates tested (BAPNA (benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide), hemoglobin, casein, azocasein, and hide powder azure), BAPNA was considered most suitable for trypsin measurements. These techniques were used to show that virgin females, 6 and 10 days after eclosion, consumed smaller meals than mated females. Virgin females also showed delays in both onset of protein loss from the gut and the increase in proteinase activity after blood feeding.

Regulation of blood meal size in the mosquito

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2039-2044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Gwadz
Keyword(s):  
Blood Meal ◽  
Meal Size ◽  
Blood Meal Size

scholarly journals Evidence of a multiple insecticide resistance in the malaria vector Anopheles funestus in South West Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rousseau J. Djouaka ◽  
Seun M. Atoyebi ◽  
Genevieve M. Tchigossou ◽  
Jacob M. Riveron ◽  
Helen Irving ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Anopheles Funestus ◽  
South West
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