scholarly journals Blunted Neural Reward Responsiveness and Recent Suicidal Ideation in Children and Adolescents: Failure to Replicate Across Two Independent Samples

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin J. Gallyer ◽  
Kreshnik Burani ◽  
Elizabeth M. Mulligan ◽  
Nicholas Santopetro ◽  
Sean P. Dougherty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Reward Responsiveness ◽  
Large Samples ◽  
Reward Positivity ◽  
Neural Underpinnings ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors

AbstractA recent study by Tsypes, Owens, and Gibb (2019) found that children with recent suicidal ideation had blunted neural reward processing, as measured by the reward positivity (RewP), compared to matched controls, and that this difference was driven by reduced neural responses to monetary loss, rather than blunted neural response to monetary reward. Here, we aimed to conceptually replicate and extend these findings in two large samples of children and adolescents (n = 275 and n = 235). Results from our conceptual replication found no evidence that children and adolescents with suicidal ideation have abnormal reward or loss processing. We extended these findings in a longitudinal sample of children and adolescents with two time points and found no evidence that reward- or loss-related ERPs predict changes in suicidal ideation. The results highlight the need for greater statistical power, and continued research examining the neural underpinnings of suicidal thoughts and behaviors.

scholarly journals Blunted Neural Reward Responsiveness in Children With Recent Suicidal Ideation

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 958-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliona Tsypes ◽  
Max Owens ◽  
Brandon E. Gibb
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Reward Responsiveness ◽  
Reward Positivity ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors

Individuals with suicidal thoughts and behaviors experience abnormalities in reward-related processes, yet little is known about specific components or stages of reward processing that are impaired, especially in children. The primary aim of this study was to conduct an investigation of the Initial Response to Reward subconstruct of the National Institute of Mental Health’s Research Domain Criteria in relation to recent suicidal ideation (SI) in children. Participants were 23 children between the ages of 7 and 11 with a history of recent SI and 46 demographically and clinically matched children with no recent SI. Children completed a simple guessing task during which electroencephalographic signals were continuously recorded to isolate the reward positivity (RewP) event-related potential; specifically, we examined change in RewP (∆RewP), quantified as the difference between neural responses to monetary gains and neural responses to monetary losses. Children with recent SI exhibited significantly smaller (i.e., blunted) ∆RewP, providing initial evidence for blunted initial responses to reward in these children.

scholarly journals Reward-driven enhancements in motor control are robust to TMS manipulation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Codol ◽  
Joseph M. Galea ◽  
Roya Jalali ◽  
Peter J. Holland
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Reaching Movement ◽  
Reaching Task ◽  
Neural Underpinnings ◽  
Reward Availability ◽  
Control Sham

AbstractA wealth of evidence describes the strong positive impact that reward has on motor control at the behavioural level. However, surprisingly little is known regarding the neural mechanisms which underpin these effects, beyond a reliance on the dopaminergic system. In recent work, we developed a task that enabled the dissociation of the selection and execution components of an upper limb reaching movement. Our results demonstrated that both selection and execution are concommitently enhanced by immediate reward availability. Here, we investigate what the neural underpinnings of each component may be. To this end, we disrupted activity of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and supplementary motor area using continuous theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (cTBS) in a within-participant design (N=23). Both cortical areas are involved in reward processing and motor control, and we hypothesised that disruption of their activity would result in disruption of the reward-driven effects on action selection and execution, respectively. To increase statistical power, participants were pre-selected based on their sensitivity to reward in the reaching task. While reward did lead to enhanced perforance during the cTBS sessions and a control sham session, cTBS was ineffective in altering these effects. These results may provide evidence that other areas, such as the primary motor cortex or the premotor area, may drive the reward-based enhancements of motor performance.

scholarly journals Perceived Social Status and Suicidal Ideation in Maltreated Children and Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelli L. Dickerson ◽  
Helen M. Milojevich ◽  
Jodi A. Quas
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Established Risk Factor ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Perceived Social Status

AbstractRecent decades have seen an alarming increase in rates of suicide among young people, including children and adolescents (“youth”). Although child maltreatment constitutes a well-established risk factor for suicidal ideation in youth, few efforts have focused on identifying factors associated with maltreated youths’ increased risk for suicidal ideation, especially across development. The present study examined the relations between maltreated youths' (N = 279, M = 12.06 years, 52% female, 53% Latinx) perceptions of their social status and suicidal ideation and compared those relations between pre-adolescents and adolescents. Findings revealed unique developmental patterns: Perceived social status was associated with suicidal ideation, but only in adolescents, who showed greater risk for suicidal ideation if they viewed themselves as lower ranked in society and lower risk for suicidal ideation if they viewed themselves as higher ranked in society. Findings have implications for scientific and practical efforts aimed at better understanding and preventing suicide in a high-risk developmental population.

Unsound sleep, wound-up mind: a longitudinal examination of acute suicidal affective disturbance features among an eating disorder sample

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Shruti S. Kinkel-Ram ◽  
William Grunewald ◽  
Lindsay P. Bodell ◽  
April R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Treatment Center ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Ongoing Assessment ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors

Abstract Background Suicide is one of the most commonly reported causes of death in individuals with eating disorders. However, the mechanisms underlying the suicide and disordered eating link are largely unknown, and current assessments are still unable to accurately predict future suicidal thoughts and behaviors. The purpose of this study is to test the utility of two promising proximal risk factors, sleep quality and agitation, in predicting suicidal ideation in a sample of individuals with elevated suicidal thoughts and behaviors, namely those with eating disorders. Methods Women (N = 97) receiving treatment at an eating disorder treatment center completed weekly questionnaires assessing suicidal ideation, agitation, and sleep. General linear mixed models examined whether agitation and/or sleep quality were concurrently or prospectively associated with suicidal ideation across 12 weeks of treatment. Results There was a significant interaction between within-person agitation and sleep quality on suicidal ideation [B(s.e.) = −0.02(0.01), p < 0.05], such that on weeks when an individual experienced both higher than their average agitation and lower than their average sleep quality, they also experienced their highest levels of suicidal ideation. However, neither agitation nor sleep quality prospectively predicted suicidal ideation. Conclusions This study was the first to examine dynamic associations between interpersonal constructs and suicidal ideation in individuals with eating disorders. Results suggest that ongoing assessment for overarousal symptoms, such as agitation and poor sleep quality, in individuals with eating disorders may be warranted in order to manage suicidal ideation among this vulnerable population.

scholarly journals The Role of Social Reward and Corticostriatal Connectivity in Substance Use

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Sazhin ◽  
Angelique Frazier ◽  
Caleb River Haynes ◽  
Camille Johnston ◽  
Iris Ka-Yi Chat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Strategic Behavior ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Reward Sensitivity ◽  
Social Reward ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Social Stimuli ◽  
Neuroimaging Study

This report describes an ongoing R03 grant that explores the links between trait reward sensitivity, substance use, and neural responses to social and nonsocial reward. Although previous research has shown that trait reward sensitivity and neural responses to reward are linked to substance use, whether this relationship is impacted by how people process social stimuli remains unclear. We are investigating these questions via a neuroimaging study with college-aged participants, using individual difference measures that examine the relation between substance use, social context, and trait reward sensitivity with tasks that measure reward anticipation, strategic behavior, social reward consumption, and the influence of social context on reward processing. We predict that substance use will be tied to distinct patterns of striatal dysfunction. Specifically, reward hyposensitive individuals will exhibit blunted striatal responses to social and non-social reward and enhanced connectivity with the orbitofrontal cortex; in contrast, reward hypersensitive individuals will exhibit enhanced striatal responses to social and non-social reward and blunted connectivity with the orbitofrontal cortex. We also will examine the relation between self-reported reward sensitivity, substance use, and striatal responses to social reward and social context. We predict that individuals reporting the highest levels of substance use will show exaggerated striatal responses to social reward and social context, independent of self-reported reward sensitivity. Examining corticostriatal responses to reward processing will help characterize the relation between reward sensitivity, social context and substance use while providing a foundation for understanding risk factors and isolating neurocognitive mechanisms that may be targeted to increase the efficacy of interventions.

scholarly journals Exploring the transition into fatherhood: behavioral, hormonal, and neural underpinnings of responses to infant crying

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Alyousefi-van Dijk ◽  
Sandra Thijssen ◽  
Anna Elisabeth van 't Veer ◽  
Renate S. M. Buisman ◽  
Marinus H. van IJzendoorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paternal Care ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Parental Sensitivity ◽  
Infant Crying ◽  
Neural Underpinnings ◽  
First Time

In the present hypothesis generating study, behavioral and neural responses to infant crying, as well as paternal hormone levels, were measured in both the prenatal and early postnatal period. Using a longitudinal design, we investigated parental sensitivity, handgrip force, and neural activation in response to infant crying sounds, in addition to testosterone baseline levels, in 25 first-time fathers. We describe the extent to which these aspects of paternal care are related across the perinatal period. The current exploratory study adds to the understudied field of early paternal care by making recommendations, and proposing hypotheses for future studies.

scholarly journals Peripheral immune cell reactivity and neural response to reward in patients with depression and anhedonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Costi ◽  
Laurel S. Morris ◽  
Abigail Collins ◽  
Nicolas F. Fernandez ◽  
Manishkumar Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Reward Anticipation ◽  
Peripheral Leukocytes ◽  
Immune Score

AbstractIncreased levels of peripheral cytokines have been previously associated with depression in preclinical and clinical research. Although the precise nature of peripheral immune dysfunction in depression remains unclear, evidence from animal studies points towards a dysregulated response of peripheral leukocytes as a risk factor for stress susceptibility. This study examined dynamic release of inflammatory blood factors from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in depressed patients and associations with neural and behavioral measures of reward processing. Thirty unmedicated patients meeting criteria for unipolar depressive disorder and 21 healthy control volunteers were enrolled. PBMCs were isolated from whole blood and stimulated ex vivo with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Olink multiplex assay was used to analyze a large panel of inflammatory proteins. Participants completed functional magnetic resonance imaging with an incentive flanker task to probe neural responses to reward anticipation, as well as clinical measures of anhedonia and pleasure including the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS) and the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS). LPS stimulation revealed larger increases in immune factors in depressed compared to healthy subjects using an aggregate immune score (t49 = 2.83, p = 0.007). Higher peripheral immune score was associated with reduced neural responses to reward anticipation within the ventral striatum (VS) (r = −0.39, p = 0.01), and with reduced anticipation of pleasure as measured with the TEPS anticipatory sub-score (r = −0.318, p = 0.023). Our study provides new evidence suggesting that dynamic hyper-reactivity of peripheral leukocytes in depressed patients is associated with blunted activation of the brain reward system and lower subjective anticipation of pleasure.

Understanding Traumatic Brain Injury and Suicide Through the Lens of Executive Dysfunction

2017 ◽  
pp. 178-189
Author(s):  
Beeta Y. Homaifar ◽  
Melodi Billera ◽  
Sean M. Barnes ◽  
Nazanin Bahraini ◽  
Lisa A. Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors

The care and study of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and suicidal ideation/behavior presents unique challenges to both clinicians and researchers. In this chapter, background information regarding TBI (i.e., definition, severity classifications, epidemiology, assessment, and common postinjury sequelae/psychiatric disorders) are presented to provide context for a discussion of the complicated relationships between brain injury and suicidal thoughts and behaviors. The potential contribution of executive dysfunction (e.g., impairment in reasoning and/or decision-making) is reviewed. In addition, the idea that propensity toward or against engaging in risky behavior can be used to increase understanding regarding the relationship between TBI and suicidal ideation and behaviors is discussed. Last, clinical challenges and future research directions are presented.

scholarly journals Effect of Age in Auditory Go/No-Go Tasks: A Magnetoencephalographic Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 667
Author(s):  
Mei-Yin Lin ◽  
Chia-Hsiung Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Source Imaging ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
Neural Underpinnings ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Response inhibition is frequently examined using visual go/no-go tasks. Recently, the auditory go/no-go paradigm has been also applied to several clinical and aging populations. However, age-related changes in the neural underpinnings of auditory go/no-go tasks are yet to be elucidated. We used magnetoencephalography combined with distributed source imaging methods to examine age-associated changes in neural responses to auditory no-go stimuli. Additionally, we compared the performance of high- and low-performing older adults to explore differences in cortical activation. Behavioral performance in terms of response inhibition was similar in younger and older adult groups. Relative to the younger adults, the older adults exhibited reduced cortical activation in the superior and middle temporal gyrus. However, we did not find any significant differences in cortical activation between the high- and low-performing older adults. Our results therefore support the hypothesis that inhibition is reduced during aging. The variation in cognitive performance among older adults confirms the need for further study on the underlying mechanisms of inhibition.

scholarly journals Delineating the social valuation network in adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1159-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poornima Kumar ◽  
Angela Pisoni ◽  
Erin Bondy ◽  
Rebecca Kremens ◽  
Paris Singleton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peer Acceptance ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Peer Evaluation ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Social Decisions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Peer Approval ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Neural Underpinnings ◽  
Social Decision Making

Abstract Adolescents strive for peer approval, and an increased sensitivity to peers’ opinions is normative. However, among vulnerable adolescents, peer evaluation can be detrimental, contributing to affective disorders. It is, therefore, critical to improve our understanding of neural underpinnings of peer evaluation. Prior research has investigated averaged neural responses to peer acceptance or rejection, neglecting to probe trial-by-trial computations that mirror real-time updating of daily activities. In non-social decision-making, a common neural valuation system centered on the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has emerged, which evaluates different reward types on a common scale to guide choices. However, it is unclear whether the mPFC also tracks complex social scenarios involving peer feedback. To address this gap, we acquired fMRI data from 55 healthy adolescents during the Chatroom Task, which probes peer evaluation, and implemented a computational approach to characterize trial-by-trial social value, thereby allowing us to interrogate the neural correlates of social value. Consistent with our hypothesis, social value signals were encoded in the mPFC. Interestingly, analyses also revealed a wider social-specific valuation network including the precuneus and amygdala. Understanding how adolescents make social decisions and neural markers associated with it, may, ultimately, help us clarify promising targets for intervention.

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