scholarly journals Disease and Social Media in Post-Natural Disaster Recovery Philippines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren E. Charles ◽  
Courtney D. Corley
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Disaster Recovery ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Multilinear Regression

AbstractIntroductionThe Philippines is plagued with natural disasters and resulting precipitating factors for disease outbreaks. The developing country has a strong disease surveillance program during and post-disaster phases; however, latent disease contracted during these emergency situations emerges once the Filipinos return to their homes. Coined the social media capital of the world, the Philippines provides an opportunity to evaluate the potential of social media use in disease surveillance during the post-recovery period. By developing and defining a non-traditional method for enhancing detection of infectious diseases post-natural disaster recovery in the Philippines, this research aims to increase the resilience of affected developing countries through advanced passive disease surveillance with minimal cost and high impact.MethodsWe collected 50 million geo-tagged tweets, weekly case counts for six diseases, and all natural disasters from the Philippines between 2012 and 2013. We compared the predictive capability of various disease lexicon-based time series models (e.g., Twitter’s BreakoutDetection, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with Explanatory Variable [ARIMAX], Multilinear regression, and Logistic regression) and document embeddings (Gensim’s Doc2Vec).ResultsThe analyses show that the use of only tweets to predict disease outbreaks in the Philippines has varying results depending on which technique is applied, the disease type, and location. Overall, the most consistent predictive results were from the ARIMAX model which showed the significance in tweet value for prediction and a role of disaster in specific instances.DiscussionOverall, the use of disease/sick lexicon-filtered tweets as a predictor of disease in the Philippines appears promising. Due to the consistent and large increase use of Twitter within the country, it would be informative to repeat analysis on more recent years to confirm the top method for prediction. In addition, we suggest that a combination disease-specific model would produce the best results. The model would be one where the case counts of a disease are updated periodically along with the continuous monitoring of lexicon-based tweets plus or minus the time from disaster.

scholarly journals Assessing the Intensity of the Population Affected by a Complex Natural Disaster Using Social Media Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changxiu Cheng ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Kai Su ◽  
Peichao Gao ◽  
Shi Shen
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Disaster Relief ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Social Media Data ◽  
Disaster Relief Operations ◽  
Relief Operations ◽  
Media Data

Complex natural disasters often cause people to suffer hardships, and they can cause a large number of casualties. A population that has been affected by a natural disaster is at high risk and desperately in need of help. Even with the timely assessment and knowledge of the degree that natural disasters affect populations, challenges arise during emergency response in the aftermath of a natural disaster. This paper proposes an approach to assessing the near-real-time intensity of the affected population using social media data. Because of its fatal impact on the Philippines, Typhoon Haiyan was selected as a case study. The results show that the normalized affected population index (NAPI) has a significant ability to indicate the affected population intensity. With the geographic information of disasters, more accurate and relevant disaster relief information can be extracted from social media data. The method proposed in this paper will benefit disaster relief operations and decision-making, which can be executed in a timely manner.

Enhancing the Disaster Recovery Plan through Virtualization

2013 ◽  
pp. 220-243
Author(s):  
Dennis Guster ◽  
Olivia F. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Data Management ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Disaster Recovery ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Equipment Failure ◽  
Recovery Plan ◽  
Continuity Of Operations ◽  
Security Breaches

Currently, organizations are increasingly aware of the need to protect their computer infrastructure to maintain continuity of operations. This process involves a number of different concerns including: managing natural disasters, equipment failure, and security breaches, poor data management, inadequate design, and complex/impractical design. The purpose of this article is to delineate how virtualization of hosts and cloud computing can be used to address the concerns resulting in improved computer infrastructure that can easily be restored following a natural disaster and which features fault tolerant hosts/components, isolates applications security attacks, is simpler in design, and is easier to manage. Further, because this technology has been out for a number of years and its capabilities have matured an attempt has been made to describe those capabilities as well as document successful applications.

The impact of social media on disaster relief effort – recovery coordination for Hurricane Harvey

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bidyut Hazarika ◽  
Alan Rea ◽  
Reza Mousavi ◽  
Kuanchin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Disaster Recovery ◽  
Disaster Relief ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
User Engagement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Disaster Event ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Relief Organizations ◽  
Post Disaster

Purpose This study aims to investigate patterns of social media posting occurring during the initial post-disaster recovery period. In addition, the study investigates the antecedents of user engagement with Twitter posts or “tweets.” Design/methodology/approach This study uses Hurricane Harvey as the research focus because of its $125bn in damage and the recovery effort associated with it. Analyzing nearly 38,000 tweets related to 2017’s Hurricane Harvey and specifically focuses on rescuers who became to be known as the “Cajun Navy.” Findings The popularity of the tweet significantly influences social media engagement; disaster relief organizations first should seek out alliances and partnerships with those who already are well-known or influential in social media. In addition, by regularly monitoring and participating in social media, such as encouraging retweets and mentions even when not responding to a disaster, agencies will gain social media followers and influence when these are most needed. Research limitations/implications By analyzing patterns of social media posts during and after Hurricane Harvey, this study attempts to quantify social media’s effectiveness during this disaster, in particular with a focus on what characteristics of Harvey-related Twitter posts most influenced user engagement. Practical implications Findings underscore the need for agencies to strengthen their social media presence and use it in all three phases of disaster conceptualization. Beyond managing communication with other agencies and the community, which alone is critical for an agency’s impact, social media offers the world as a potential audience for agencies that can deftly leverage it. Originality/value Social media has revolutionized not only communication but also inter-connectivity as people have normalized its use. Its ubiquity and efficiency have seen its incorporation into the critical area of emergency management, both during and after disasters. The main objective of this paper is to investigate and evaluate the usefulness of social media in disaster recovery efforts, focusing on its advantages in relation to a recent disaster event.

Innovative technology advances public health disease surveillance in developing countries

Impact ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (8) ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
Raita Tamaki
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Innovative Technology

Disease outbreaks pose a real threat and can be particularly damaging and difficult to control in developing countries where health resources are limited. Key to this is public health surveillance, which is succinctly defined by the WHO as 'an ongoing, systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of health-related data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice'. This practice is key to informing disease prevention and control measures. Dr Raita Tamaki is a disease surveillance advisor of JICA and his expertise is brought up by 16-year experiences in developing countries, including Papua New Guinea, the Philippines and Kenya. In the Philippines, he was responsible for setting up and managing the hospital and community based surveillance system for comprehensive epidemiological and etiological studies to generate reliable data with technology and provide generalizable evidence for sustainable health system and practice under the Department of Virology, Tohoku University School of Medicine in Sendai, Japan. Currently operating as a disease surveillance advisor in Kenya, Tamaki is working for the Ministry of Health (MoH) as a JICA expert. 'Due to limited capacities and resources in developing countries, more efficient and cost-effective methods with innovative technologies for disease surveillance and outbreak control need to be developed and applied.' he highlights. Tamaki believes that every single figure in health statistics such as mortality has its own story. Imagination towards the stories and innovation in technology for surveillance are two pillars that uphold his enthusiasm for improving public health in developing countries.

The road to recovery Reimagining Kaikoura after a natural disaster

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Fountain ◽  
Nicholas Cradock-Henry
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Disaster Recovery ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
The Road ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
Response And Recovery ◽  
Post Disaster ◽  
New System

It is widely recognized that tourist destinations are vulnerable to disruptions caused by natural disasters, and understanding tourism response and recovery to natural disasters is a critical topic of research internationally (Mair et al., 2016). Post-disaster recovery is defined as: “the development and implementation of strategies and actions to bring the destination back to a normal (pre-event) condition or an improved state” (Mair et al., 2016: 2). Recovery may commence immediately following a crisis or disaster, or can be delayed if a destination has been considerably damaged and residents and businesses profoundly affected. Scott et al. (2008) have suggested that the disaster recovery process contains three phases – recovery of damaged infrastructure, marketing responses (revolving around communication and recovery marketing), and adaptations to the new system. These phases may occur sequentially or simultaneously, with different stakeholder groups managing them (Mair et al., 2016).

Experiencing a Natural Disaster Temporarily Boosts Relationship Satisfaction in Newlywed Couples

2021 ◽  
pp. 095679762110156
Author(s):  
Hannah C. Williamson ◽  
Thomas N. Bradbury ◽  
Benjamin R. Karney
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Intimate Relationships ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Harris County ◽  
Relationship Outcomes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Levels Of Functioning

How do natural disasters affect intimate relationships? Some research suggests that couples are brought closer together after a disaster, whereas other research suggests that relationships become more strained in the aftermath. Yet all of this work is limited by a lack of predisaster data that would allow for examination of how relationships actually change. The current study is the first to use longitudinal data collected before and after a natural disaster to examine its effect on relationship outcomes. Using a sample of 231 married couples in Harris County, Texas, who experienced Hurricane Harvey, we found that spouses experienced significant increases in satisfaction from before to after the hurricane, but the increase was temporary; couples decreased in satisfaction after the initial boost. Thus, couples appear to grow closer in the immediate aftermath of a natural disaster but then revert to their prehurricane levels of functioning as the recovery period continues.

Enhancing the Disaster Recovery Plan Through Virtualization

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Guster ◽  
Olivia F. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Data Management ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Disaster Recovery ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Equipment Failure ◽  
Security Attacks ◽  
Continuity Of Operations ◽  
Security Breaches

Currently, organizations are increasingly aware of the need to protect their computer infrastructure to maintain continuity of operations. This process involves a number of different concerns including: managing natural disasters, equipment failure, and security breaches, poor data management, inadequate design, and complex/impractical design. The purpose of this article is to delineate how virtualization of hosts and cloud computing can be used to address the concerns resulting in improved computer infrastructure that can easily be restored following a natural disaster and which features fault tolerant hosts/components, isolates applications security attacks, is simpler in design, and is easier to manage. Further, because this technology has been out for a number of years and its capabilities have matured an attempt has been made to describe those capabilities as well as document successful applications.

Social Media Use in Emergency Response to Natural Disasters: A Systematic Review With a Public Health Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamalich Muniz-Rodriguez ◽  
Sylvia K. Ofori ◽  
Lauren C. Bayliss ◽  
Jessica S. Schwind ◽  
Kadiatou Diallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Media Analysis ◽  
Social Media Use ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Wide Range

ABSTRACTSocial media research during natural disasters has been presented as a tool to guide response and relief efforts in the disciplines of geography and computer sciences. This systematic review highlights the public health implications of social media use in the response phase of the emergency, assessing (1) how social media can improve the dissemination of emergency warning and response information during and after a natural disaster, and (2) how social media can help identify physical, medical, functional, and emotional needs after a natural disaster. We surveyed the literature using 3 databases and included 44 research articles. We found that analyses of social media data were performed using a wide range of spatiotemporal scales. Social media platforms were identified as broadcasting tools presenting an opportunity for public health agencies to share emergency warnings. Social media was used as a tool to identify areas in need of relief operations or medical assistance by using self-reported location, with map development as a common method to visualize data. In retrospective analyses, social media analysis showed promise as an opportunity to reduce the time of response and to identify the individuals’ location. Further research for misinformation and rumor control using social media is needed.

scholarly journals Disease Surveillance during the Reintroduction of the Iberian Lynx (Lynx pardinus) in Southwestern Spain

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 547
Author(s):  
Fernando Nájera ◽  
Rebeca Grande-Gómez ◽  
Jorge Peña ◽  
Anastasio Vázquez ◽  
María Jesús Palacios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Lynx Lynx ◽  
Iberian Lynx ◽  
Lynx Pardinus ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Aeromonas Veronii ◽  
Streptococcus Canis

The restoration of Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) populations in Extremadura (Southwestern Spain) have been carried out since 2014. One of the measures to ensure the success of this program is to examine the effects that diseases may have on reintroduction. Since diseases may be greatly located at certain sites because of the specific ecological requirements of the pathogens and/or vectors, reintroduced individuals may present a risk of infection once released. To determine which pathogens the reintroduced individuals may encounter, we performed a molecular and sero-epidemiological survey in reintroduced and wild-born lynxes. From 2015 to 2019, 69 Iberian lynxes (40 reintroduced and 29 wild-born) were sampled and screened against 10 viral, bacterial and piroplasmid agents. In parallel, 195 sympatric carnivores from the families Canidae, Felidae, Viverridae, Herpestidae and Mustelidae were tested against current or past infections to six common canine/feline viruses. In the Iberian lynx, low contact rates of active infection were obtained for the feline leukemia provirus (FeLV: 1.5%; 1/67), feline parvovirus (FPV: 1.5%; 1/67) and Cytauxzoon sp. (6.7%; 1/15). We also confirmed the emergence of Aujeszky’s disease (suid herpesvirus-1) in this population (SuHV-1: 11.8%; 2/17). Evidence of previous exposure was detected for canine distemper virus (CDV: 5.8%; 3/52), feline coronavirus (1.9%; 1/52), FPV (7.7%; 1/13) and feline calicivirus (FCV: 5.3%; 1/19). From 25 recovered lynx carcasses, we could confirm infectious etiology involvement in the death of four individuals (SuHV-1 in two individuals, coinfection of Cytauxzoon spp. and Aeromonas veronii in one lynx and a Streptococcus canis myositis in another lynx). We confirmed the circulation of CDV, FPV, FeLV, FCV and the feline immunodeficiency virus within the sympatric carnivore community. Due to the low contact rate of infectious agents in such a small, endangered population, we recommend continuing a disease surveillance program to determine the prognostic factors of survival, understand the role that disease may play during the reintroduction and anticipate disease outbreaks that may pose a risk for the entire reintroduced population.

Journalists are humans, too: A phenomenology of covering the strongest storm on earth

Journalism ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 917-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson C Tandoc ◽  
Bruno Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The Other ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Holistic Description

This study focused on the phenomenology of covering a natural disaster by documenting the lived experience of 12 national and local journalists who covered Typhoon Haiyan when it hit the Philippines in November 2013. Studies that focused on journalists who covered natural disasters have identified their experiences as either journalists trying to balance their norms or as victims dealing with trauma. Our analysis brings these experiences together for a more holistic description of the experience of covering a natural disaster, arguing that one aspect of the experience cannot be understood without the other. Through an interpretative phenomenological analysis, this study found that the journalists experienced the storm as journalists, leaders, victims, and as community members. Such experiences were marked by liminal gaps, with one experience affecting the other.

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