scholarly journals Detection of cross-reactive IgA against SARS-CoV-2 spike 1 subunit in saliva

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiichi Tsukinoki ◽  
Tatsuo Yamamoto ◽  
Keisuke Handa ◽  
Mariko Iwamiya ◽  
Juri Saruta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Recombinant Protein ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces

AbstractAbundant secretory IgA (sIgA) in mucus, breast milk, and saliva provides immunity that prevents infection of mucosal surfaces. sIgA in pre-pandemic breast milk samples have been reported to cross-react with SARS-CoV-2, but whether it also occurs in saliva and, if so, whether it cross-reacts with SARS-CoV-2, has remained unknown. We aimed to clarify whether sIgA in saliva cross-reacts with SARS-CoV-2 spike 1 subunit in individuals who have not been infected with this virus. The study included 137 (male, n = 101; female, n = 36; mean age, 38.7 [24–65] years) of dentists and doctors in the Kanagawa Dental University Hospital. Saliva and blood samples were analyzed by PCR and immunochromatography for IgG and IgM, respectively. We then identified patients with saliva samples that were confirmed as PCR- and IgM-negative for COVID-19. Proportions of SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive IgA-positive individuals were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a biotin-labeled spike S1-mFc recombinant protein covering the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2. The proportion of SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive IgA-positive individuals was 46.7%, and this correlated negatively with age (r = −0.218, p = 0.01). The proportion of IgA-positive individuals ≥ 50 y was significantly lower than that of patients aged ≤ 49 y (p = 0.008). sIgA was purified from the saliva of all patients, and the salivary sIgA was found to suppress the binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to the ACE-2 receptor. We found SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive sIgA in the saliva of some participants who had never been infected with the virus, suggesting that sIgA helps prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals Detection of cross-reactive immunoglobulin A against the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 spike 1 subunit in saliva

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0249979
Author(s):  
Keiichi Tsukinoki ◽  
Tatsuo Yamamoto ◽  
Keisuke Handa ◽  
Mariko Iwamiya ◽  
Juri Saruta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Age Range

Abundant secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) in the mucus, breast milk, and saliva provides immunity against infection of mucosal surfaces. Pre-pandemic breast milk samples containing SIgA have been reported to cross-react with SARS-CoV-2; however, it remains unknown whether SIgA showing the cross-reaction with SARS-CoV-2 exists in saliva. We aimed to clarify whether SIgA in saliva cross-reacts with SARS-CoV-2 spike 1 subunit in individuals who have not been infected with this virus. The study involved 137 (men, n = 101; women, n = 36; mean age, 38.7; age range, 24–65 years) dentists and doctors from Kanagawa Dental University Hospital. Saliva and blood samples were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunochromatography for IgG and IgM, respectively. We then identified patients with saliva samples that were confirmed to be PCR-negative and IgM-negative for SARS-CoV-2. The cross-reactivity of IgA-positive saliva samples with SARS-CoV-2 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a biotin-labeled spike recombinant protein (S1-mFc) covering the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2. The proportion of SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive IgA-positive individuals was 46.7%, which correlated negatively with age (r = –0.218, p = 0.01). The proportion of IgA-positive individuals aged ≥50 years was significantly lower than that of patients aged ≤49 years (p = 0.008). SIgA was purified from the saliva of patients, which could partially suppress the binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 receptor. This study demonstrates the presence of SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive SIgA in the saliva of individuals who had never been infected with the virus, suggesting that SIgA may help prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals Correlations between Antibody Immune Responses at Different Mucosal Effector Sites Are Controlled by Antigen Type and Dosage

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 3830-3839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dörthe Externest ◽  
Barbara Meckelein ◽  
M. Alexander Schmidt ◽  
Andreas Frey
Keyword(s):  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Routine Diagnostics ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces ◽  
Secretory Immunoglobulin

ABSTRACT Monitoring specific secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) responses in the intestines after mucosal immunization or infection is impeded by the fact that sampling of small intestinal secretions requires invasive methods not feasible for routine diagnostics. Since IgA plasma cells generated after intragastric immunization are known to populate remote mucosal sites as well, secretory IgA responses at other mucosal surfaces may correlate to those in the intestines and could serve as proxy measures for IgA secretion in the gut. To evaluate the practicability of this approach, mice were immunized intragastrically with 0.2, 2, and 20 mg of ovalbumin plus 10 μg of cholera toxin, and the antigen-specific local secretory IgA responses in duodenal, ileal, jejunal, rectal, and vaginal secretions, saliva, urine, and feces, as well as serum IgG and IgA responses were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Correlation analysis revealed significant relationships between serum IgG and IgA, urinary IgA, salivary IgA, and secretory IgA in duodenal, jejunal, ileal, and rectal secretions for the 0.2-mg but not for the 20-mg ovalbumin dose. Fecal samples were poor predictors for intestinal antiovalbumin IgA responses, and no correlations could be established for cholera toxin, neither between local anti-cholera toxin levels nor to the antiovalbumin responses. Thus, specific IgA in serum, saliva, or urine can serve as a predictor of the release of specific IgA at intestinal surfaces after intragastric immunization, but the lack of correlations for high ovalbumin doses and for cholera toxin indicates a strong dependency on antigen type and dosage for these relationships.

Excretion of Iohexol and Metrizoate in Human Breast Milk

1987 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. Nielsen ◽  
I. Matheson ◽  
J. N. Rasmussen ◽  
K. Skinnemoen ◽  
E. Andrew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Decay Curve ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Slow Decay ◽  
Contrast Medium Injection

Six lactating women undergoing contrast media examination had milk and blood taken to determine the rate and extent of excretion of iohexol (Omnipaque) (four mothers) and metrizoate (Isopaque) (two mothers). Blood samples were taken up to 45 minutes and milk samples up to 48 hours after the contrast medium injection. The excretion was low, reaching a maximum at 3 to 6 hours and showing a slow decay curve (t 1/2 = 15 to 108 hours). One mother, who was weaning her baby, showed a different excretion pattern. The amount excreted during 24 hours was about 0.5 per cent of the weight adjusted maternal dose for both iohexol and metrizoate. It is not likely, that such a low dose of poorly absorbed drug would cause any adverse effects in the infant, unless it is hypersensitive to the drug already. The authors consider breast feeding to be acceptable for mothers receiving iohexol or metrizoate.

Secretory Anti-Giardia lamblia Antibodies in Human Milk: Protective Effect Against Diarrhea

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Juan N. Walterspiel ◽  
Ardythe L. Morrow ◽  
Larry K. Pickering ◽  
Guillermo M. Ruiz-Palacios ◽  
M. Lourdes Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Giardia Infection ◽  
Maternal Milk ◽  
Milk Samples

Objective. To determine whether anti-Giardia lamblia secretory IgA (sIgA) antibodies in human milk protect infants from acquisition of or symptoms associated with Giardia infection. Methods. One hundred ninety-seven Mexican mother/infant pairs were followed weekly from birth for diarrheal disease and feeding status. Infant stool specimens were collected weekly and were cultured for bacterial pathogens and tested for Giardia and rotavirus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Maternal milk samples were collected weekly for 1 month postpartum and monthly thereafter. To determine the protective effect of anti-Giardia sIgA in milk against infection and against diarrhea due to Giardia, milk samples from mothers of infected infants and appropriately matched controls were assayed for anti-Giardia sIgA by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. Asymptomatic, infected infants ingested significantly (P = .046) higher amounts of milk anti-Giardia sIgA compared with symptomatic, infected infants. However, milk anti-Giardia sIgA concentrations did not differ between Giardia-infected and noninfected infants. Conclusion. The amount of anti-Giardia sIgA in human milk was associated with prevention of symptoms of diarrhea due to Giardia, but not with acquisition of the organism.

Analysis of Aflatoxin M1 in Breast Milk and Its Association with Nutritional and Socioeconomic Status of Lactating Mothers in Lebanon

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
pp. 1737-1741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jomana Elaridi ◽  
Maya Bassil ◽  
Joelle Abi Kharma ◽  
Farah Daou ◽  
Hussein F. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
World Health ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most potent of the dietary aflatoxins, and its major metabolite, aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), is frequently found in the breast milk of lactating mothers. The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence and factors associated with AFM1 contamination of breast milk collected from lactating mothers in Lebanon. A total of 111 breast milk samples were collected according to the guidelines set by the World Health Organization. Samples were analyzed with a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay between December 2015 and November 2016. A survey was used to determine the demographic and anthropometric characteristics of participating lactating mothers. Dietary habits were assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Mean (±standard deviation) concentration of AFM1 in the breast milk samples was 4.31 ± 1.8 ng/L, and 93.8% of samples contained AFM1 at 0.2 to 7.9 ng/L. The mean concentration of AFM1 was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in fall and winter (4.1 ± 1.9 ng/L) than in spring and summer (5.0 ± 1.7 ng/L). None of the samples exceeded the European Commission regulation limit (25 ng/L) for infant milk replacement formula. AFM1 contamination was significantly associated (P < 0.05) with the daily consumption of white cheeses but not with the consumption of meat or cereal products. No significant association (P > 0.05) was observed between AFM1 concentrations in breast milk and anthropometric sociodemographic factors (age and level of education) or the governorate of residence of the nursing mothers. The mean AFM1 estimated daily intake was found to be 0.69 ng/day/kg of body weight. Although the incidence of AFM1 contamination was low, our first-of-its-kind study highlights the importance of conducting investigations on mycotoxin contamination in breast milk and of developing protection strategies to tackle the exposure of infants to this potent chemical hazard.

scholarly journals Fluoride Levels of Human Plasma and Breast Milk

2007 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 021-024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yağmur Şener ◽  
Gül Tosun ◽  
Firdevs Kahvecioğlu ◽  
Alparslan Gökalp ◽  
Hasan Koç
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Primary Selection ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Fluoride Electrode

ABSTRACTObjectives: The aim of this study was to determine the fluoride levels in breast milk and plasma of lactating mothers who regularly consumed drinking water with low levels of fluoride.Methods: One hundred twenty five healthy mothers aged between 20-30 years old who had given birth within 5-7 days were included in the study. Besides being otherwise healthy, the primary selection criteria stipulated the absence of fluoride supplement consumption one month before delivery. Approximately 5 ml breast milk and 5 ml blood samples were obtained from each participating mother at a hospital setting, where the mothers were scheduled for a regular hospital diet. The blood samples were centrifuged in fluoride-free heparinized polyethylene tubes and stored at -18oC until measurements were made. Breast milk samples were directly refrigerated as with blood samples until measurements. The fluoride concentrations of milk and blood samples were assessed using an ion-selective fluoride electrode combined with an ion analyzer.Results: The fluoride levels of the plasma and breast milk samples were measured as 0.017±0.011 ppm and 0.006±0.002 ppm, respectively. The fluoride concentration of plasma was significantly higher than that of breast milk (P<.01). Correlation analysis revealed a significant relation between the groups (P<.01).Conclusion: A limited level of fluoride transmission from plasma to breast milk was detected. Nevertheless, a significant correlation between the fluoride concentrations of breast milk and plasma was evident. (Eur J Dent 2007;1:21-24)

Detection of Aflatoxin M1 in Human Breast Milk and Raw Cow's Milk in Istanbul, Turkey

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
YAŞAR KESKIN ◽  
RUHTAN BAŞKAYA ◽  
SEHER KARSLI ◽  
TÜRKAN YURDUN ◽  
OĞUZ ÖZYARAL
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Raw Cow’S Milk

This survey was undertaken to determine the extent of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) contamination in human breast milk and raw cow's milk in Istanbul, Turkey. Samples of human and raw cow's milk were collected randomly and analyzed for AFM1 using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection in which the samples were cleaned up with immunoaffinity columns. In this study, AFM1 was detected in 8 (13.1%) of 61 human breast milk samples examined (mean ± SD level, 5.68 ± 0.62 ng/liter; range, 5.10 to 6.90 ng/liter) and 20 (33.3%) of 60 raw cow's milk samples examined (range, 5.40 to 300.20 ng/liter). Five (8.3%) of the positive raw cow's milk samples had AFM1 levels (153.52 ± 100.60 ng/liter; range, 61.20 to 300.20 ng/liter) that were higher than the maximum tolerance limit (0.05 ppb) stipulated by regulations in Turkey and some other countries.

Waning Time of Maternally Derived Anti-Hepatitis A and Anti-Varicella Zoster Virus Antibodies

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (03) ◽  
pp. 116-120
Author(s):  
Aysu Duyan Camurdan ◽  
Ufuk Beyazova ◽  
Gulendam Bozdayı ◽  
Fusun Civil ◽  
Aylin Altay Kocak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Healthy Infants

Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the persistence of maternally derived antibodies to hepatitis A (anti-HAV) and varicella zoster (anti-VZV) viruses to determine the optimal time of vaccination of infants. Materials and Methods This study was conducted between 2011 and 2012 at the Gazi University Hospital. Blood samples were collected from healthy infants' cord blood and at 12th, 18th, and 24th months of age. Anti-HAV and anti-VZV immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit in blood samples. Results A total of 546 infants and children were included in the study; all had blood samples taken at four time points (at birth [cord blood], and at 12, 18, and 24 months). Anti-HAV IgG seropositivity rates in these samples were 77.3, 29.6, 14.8, and 17.7%, respectively (p < 0.05). Corresponding anti-VZV IgG seropositivity rates were 83.3, 21.5, 29.5, and 33.8%, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusion Anti-HAV and anti-VZV seropositivity rates were lowest at 18 and 12 months, respectively. We suggest that if VZV and hepatitis A vaccines were included in the national vaccination program after the age of 1 year, there should be little interference from passively acquired maternal antibodies.

scholarly journals Comparison of breast milk composition among lactating women in Latvia

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Līga Broka ◽  
Ilva Daugule ◽  
Inga Ciproviča ◽  
Daiga Kviļūna ◽  
Ingrīda Rumba-Rozenfelde
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Milk Analysis ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lactose Concentration ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Neonatal Care Unit

Abstract Although benefits of breast-feeding have been known for a long time and breast milk is considered as ideal nutrition for infants, the composition of breast milk is still being studied, since breast milk differs among mothers and populations, as well as during different times of lactation. Further, no study has been performed among lactating women in Latvia during recent years. The objective of the study was to determine the breast milk composition and influencing factors among lactating women in Latvia in different lactation periods, as well as to compare the results with data from other countries. Fifty breast milk samples were obtained from 44 mothers (on the 5th-7th and 11th-28th day of lactation), whose neonates were treated in the Neonatal Care Unit, Children’s Clinical University Hospital, Rīga. Milk analysis (pH, density, protein, fat, and lactose concentration) was performed in the Latvia University of Agriculture. Breast milk composition among lactating women in Latvia on the 5th-7th lactation day more resembled transitional milk containing a higher amount of protein and a lower amount of fat. The composition of the studied milk samples on the 11th-28th lactation day was comparable to data from other countries. Concentration of lactose was correlated with neonatal weight and not gestational age.

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