scholarly journals Synergistic interactions between Stachybotrys chartarum and other indoor fungal species in moisture-damaged houses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paris Chakravarty
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Penicillium Chrysogenum ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Stachybotrys Chartarum ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Synergistic Interactions ◽  
Cladosporium Herbarum

The interactions between six commonly occurring fungal species in damp or water-damaged houses in southern California were studied. These fungal species were Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Chaetomium globosum, Cladosporium herbarum, Penicillium chrysogenum and Stachybotrys chartarum. In the damp building materials, S. chartarum was found to be associated with A. niger, C. globosum, and P. chrysogenum but not with A. alternata and C. herbarum. Stachybotrys chartarum showed strong antagonistic effect against A. alternata and C. herbarum and significantly inhibited in vitro growth of A. alternata and C. herbarum but had no effect on A. niger, C. globosum, and P. chrysogenum. Two trichothecenes, produced by S. chartarum, trichodermin and trichodermol, significantly inhibited spore germination and in vitro growth of A. alternata and C. herbarum but had no effect on A. niger, C. globosum, P. chrysogenum and S. chartarum. In the damp building materials (drywall, ceiling tile, and oak woods), S. chartarum significantly inhibited the growth of A. alternata and C. herbarum and had no effect on the growth and colonization of A. niger, C. globosum, P. chrysogenum in these substrata.

scholarly journals Extraction and Characterization of Chitin and Chitosan from Aspergillus niger, Synthesis of Silver-Chitosan Nanocomposites and Evaluation of their Antimicrobial Potential

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 939-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
KN Madhusudhan
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Chitin And Chitosan ◽  
Mulberry Silkworm

The fungal species such as Aspergillus niger are the rich source of antimicrobial compounds. The chitin which is the cell wall component are being isolated and used as potential source of antimicrobial along with its derivates. In the present study, the chitin and chitosan were purified from the mycelial mat of the A. niger. By using the chitosan isolated from the fungi, the chitosan-silver nanocomposite was synthesized under lab conditions. The comparative antibacterial potential of chitin, chitosan and nanocomposites were screened against Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus, which are infecting mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori) and humans respectively. The in vitro inhibition study results revealed that, Nanocomposites showed more inhibition of pathogens in comparison with other treatments along with positive control.  Further, the highest antibacterial activity of chitosan-silver nanocomposites may be due to presence of two potential antimicrobial compounds in combination. Based on the results of the present study, chitosan based nanocomposites can be used for the management of the bacterial diseases of silkworm. The nanocomposite derived in the present work can be used for management of medically important pathogens infecting humans.

scholarly journals Effet de l’association de certains fongicides avec le chlorure de calcium sur le développement d’un complexe fongique responsable de la pourriture des pommes en conservation

2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Attrassi ◽  
Rachid Benkirane ◽  
Benaissa Attrassi ◽  
Allal Douira
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Cladosporium Herbarum ◽  
Trichothecium Roseum

L’utilisation du bénomyl et du thiabendazole (famille chimique des benzimidazoles), de l’azoxystrobine et du pyriméthanil montre, autant in vitro qu’in vivo, que ces fongicides sont faiblement à moyennement efficaces contre les agents pathogènes suivants : Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium expansum, Aspergillus niger, A. fumigatus, Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium herbarum, Fusarium oxysporum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Monilia fructigina, Cryptosporiopsis malicorticis, Spilocaea pomi et Trichothecium roseum. Utilisé in vitro, le chlorure de calcium seul à plus de 4 % est toléré par les douze espèces fongiques. In vivo et à basse température, le chlorure de calcium est efficace lorsqu’utilisé à 4 et 6 %. L’association de ces fongicides avec le chlorure de calcium (4 %) permet de diminuer l’intensité des lésions causées par la pourriture des pommes en conservation. Le chlorure de calcium apparaît intervenir en renforçant les liens avec les principaux sites d’action des fongicides de l’agent pathogène évalué.

scholarly journals Interactions among Natural Active Ingredients to Improve the Efficiency of Rumen Fermentation In Vitro

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1205
Author(s):  
Rokia Temmar ◽  
María Rodríguez-Prado ◽  
Gwenael Forgeard ◽  
Cécile Rougier ◽  
Sergio Calsamiglia
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Microbial Fermentation ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Synergistic Interactions ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
High Doses

Twelve essential oils (EO): Anise star, cassia, geraniol, lemongrass (LEM), limonene, thyme, tea tree, coriander (COR), capsicum, black pepper, turmeric and ginger (GIN), in Experiment 1 at three doses; and different combinations of LEM, COR and GIN oils in Experiment 2, were evaluated in in vitro batch microbial fermentation using ruminal fluid from four dairy cows fed a 50:50 forage: concentrate diet. In experiment 1, LEM tended to increase the propionate proportion and tended to decrease the acetate to propionate ratio. Anise star, COR, and thyme tended to increase butyrate proportion. Capsicum, COR, and thyme decreased ammonia-N concentration. In experiment 2, a synergy was observed between LEM and COR that resulted in an increase in total volatile fatty acids and propionate proportion, and a decrease in the acetate to propionate ratio. However, the addition of high doses of GIN to the mix had an antagonistic effect on the rumen fermentation profile of the LEM + COR mix. Careful selection and combination of these EO may result in useful mixtures with synergistic interactions to modulate rumen microbial fermentation profile.

scholarly journals Influence of Selected Fungicides on in vitro Growth of Artillery Fungi (Sphaerobolus spp.)

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
József Geml ◽  
Donald D. Davis ◽  
David M. Geiser
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Triphenyltin Acetate

Abstract We tested the inhibitory effect of 14 fungicides, 13 of which were known to be effective against the basidiomycete Agaricus, at 5 and 20 ppm on the in vitro growth of three species of artillery fungi: Sphaerobolus iowensis, S. stellatus, and a previously undescribed Sphaerobolus sp. Captafol, epoxiconazole, thiophanate-methyl, triflumizole, and triphenyltin acetate were the most effective inhibitors against all three Sphaerobolus species, and the reduction in growth was directly related to fungicide concentration. Chloroneb, chlorothalonil/zinc oxide, fuberidazole, glyodin, and tolylfluanid showed varying results, depending on fungal species and fungicide concentration; however, they were much less effective than the previous five fungicides. Dazomet, dinocap, folpet, and ferbam failed to slow the growth of any artillery fungi at either concentration. This preliminary study revealed that certain fungicides suppress growth of artillery fungi and should be further tested in the field.

scholarly journals Associations between Fungal Species and Water-Damaged Building Materials

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
pp. 4180-4188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgitte Andersen ◽  
Jens C. Frisvad ◽  
Ib Søndergaard ◽  
Ib S. Rasmussen ◽  
Lisbeth S. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Penicillium Chrysogenum ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽  
Multivariate Statistic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Full Diversity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds

ABSTRACTFungal growth in damp or water-damaged buildings worldwide is an increasing problem, which has adverse effects on both the occupants and the buildings. Air sampling alone in moldy buildings does not reveal the full diversity of fungal species growing on building materials. One aim of this study was to estimate the qualitative and quantitative diversity of fungi growing on damp or water-damaged building materials. Another was to determine if associations exist between the most commonly found fungal species and different types of materials. More than 5,300 surface samples were taken by means of V8 contact plates from materials with visible fungal growth. Fungal identifications and information on building material components were analyzed using multivariate statistic methods to determine associations between fungi and material components. The results confirmed thatPenicillium chrysogenumandAspergillus versicolorare the most common fungal species in water-damaged buildings. The results also showedChaetomiumspp.,Acremoniumspp., andUlocladiumspp. to be very common on damp building materials. Analyses show that associated mycobiotas exist on different building materials. Associations were found between (i)Acremoniumspp.,Penicillium chrysogenum,Stachybotrysspp.,Ulocladiumspp., and gypsum and wallpaper, (ii)Arthrinium phaeospermum,Aureobasidium pullulans,Cladosporium herbarum,Trichodermaspp., yeasts, and different types of wood and plywood, and (iii)Aspergillus fumigatus,Aspergillus melleus,Aspergillus niger,Aspergillus ochraceus,Chaetomiumspp.,Mucor racemosus,Mucor spinosus, and concrete and other floor-related materials. These results can be used to develop new and resistant building materials and relevant allergen extracts and to help focus research on relevant mycotoxins, microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs), and microparticles released into the indoor environment.

scholarly journals In vitro GROWTH OF ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH Pinus radiata PLANTATIONS IN CHILE

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-423
Author(s):  
José-Leonardo García-Rodríguez ◽  
Jesús Pérez-Moreno ◽  
Darcy Ríos-Leal ◽  
Patricia Sáez-Delgado ◽  
Cristian Atala-Bianchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Radial Growth Rate ◽  
Mycelial Biomass ◽  
Rhizopogon Luteolus

A comparative study of in vitro growth of three species of ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECMF) (Rhizopogon luteolus, Suillus granulatus and Suillus luteus) was performed. Fungal material was collected in adult Pinus radiata plantations. Isolation and purification of the strains were performed on potato-dextrose-agar medium and the evaluation of the radial growth rate and the increase in mycelial biomass, under different culture conditions, was performed on the Modified Melin Norkrans growth medium. The effects of temperature (24, 28 and 32 ºC) and pH (4.8, 5.3, 5.8, 6.3 and 6.8) of the growth medium were tested for the three fungal species in two independent assays. The results indicate that the temperature had a significant effect on the radial growth rate (RG) and mycelial biomass increase (MB) in all of the evaluated fungal species. The highest RGR and MBI were recorded in R. luteolus, and the lowest values for these variables were registered in S. luteus. Rhizopogon luteolus had the highest sensitivity to pH changes. Meanwhile, there was no pattern in S. granulatus and S. luteus growth response under different pH conditions. When cultivated in vitro, the three studied species of ECMF presented adaptation, exponential, declining and stationary growth phases. The in vitro growth responses recorded in the present study showed the great potential of R. luteolus to be used in future programs using mycorrhizal inoculation in the production of Pinus radiata trees in nurseries in Chile.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Terpenoids Extracted from Annona muricata Seeds and its Endophytic Aspergillus niger Strain SH3 Either Singly or in Combination

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (19) ◽  
pp. 3127-3131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahany Abdel-Rahman ◽  
Amal-Saad Hussein ◽  
Safia Beshir ◽  
Ahmed R. Hamed ◽  
Eman Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Brown Colour ◽  
Antimicrobial Assay

BACKGROUND: Annona muricata (Soursop) has an antimicrobial activity toward various pathogenic microorganisms which support its ethnomedicinal for the treatment of many infectious diseases. AIM: Aim of the present study to evaluate the relation between antimicrobial activities of terpenoids extracted from different soursop parts with the isolated endophytic fungi. METHODS: Endophytic fungal species of pulp and peel of Annona fruit along with those of seeds were isolated. Salkowski test was used for qualitative screening of terpenoids in plant and the isolated endophytic Aspergillus niger strain SH3. RESULTS: Endophytic A. niger strain SH3 and Annona seed extract showed high terpenoid content indicated by the high intensity of reddish-brown colour. GC/Mass analysis revealed six compounds of terpenoids from endophytic A. niger strain SH3 extract and four compounds from seed extract with different retention times. The antimicrobial assay was performed using A. niger strain SH3 extract and Annona seed extract singly or in combinations against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli and C. albicans. CONCLUSION: The results revealed the significant antimicrobial activity of both extracts. However, the combined extract showed some reduction in antimicrobial activity which could be attributed to the antagonistic effect exhibited by their constituents.

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